WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Smoking status in Iranian male adolescents: a cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis	2013	Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries, Research Centre, Ilam Universty of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Nazarzadeh_milad@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 38 Issue 6 Start Page 2214 Other Pages 2218 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 7603486; 0 (Analgesics, Opioid); 39J1LGJ30J (Tramadol); 2012/07/30 [received]; 2012/11/27 [revised]; 2013/01/29 [accepted]; 2013/02/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 23501137 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.018 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23501137 Abstract The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of smoking status and its associated factors in Iranian adolescents and a meta-analysis of recent cross-sectional studies in order to estimate the corresponding prevalence for all Iranian adolescents. In a cross-sectional study, 1064 male high school students in Zanjan city (northwest of Iran) were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was used for smoking status and associated factors. Through the meta-analysis, all relevant published studies were reviewed. Almost one-third of adolescents (34.2%, n=354) have experienced smoking either experimentally (23.4%, n=242), or regularly (10.8%, n=112). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (OR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.05-1.37), risky behaviors (OR=1.83; 1.25-2.68), Tramadol medication (OR=2.19; 1.54-3.11), low self-esteem (OR=1.07; 1.03-1.11), positive attitude toward smoking (OR=1.15; 1.09-1.21), positive thinking about smoking (OR=1.07; 1.01-1.14) and having smoker friends (OR=1.94; 1.36-2.77) were significantly associated with cigarette smoking in adolescents. Meta-analysis results showed that 7% of Iranian adolescents are regular smokers and 27% are experimenters. Increasing prevalence of smoking in Iranian adolescents is a major concern for public health. Controlling risky behaviors and increasing health education are recommended. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Nazarzadeh,M., Bidel,Z., Ayubi,E., Bahrami,A., Jafari,F., Mohammadpoorasl,A., Delpisheh,A., Taremian,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130204 PMCID Editors
Isolation of Legionella species/serogroups from water cooling systems compared with potable water systems in Spanish healthcare facilities	2007	Preventive Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of hospital infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 67 Issue 4 Start Page 360 Other Pages 366 Notes JID: 8007166; 2007/04/17 [received]; 2007/07/26 [accepted]; 2007/10/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0195-6701; 0195-6701 Accession Number PMID: 17931746 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0195-6701(07)00258-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17931746 Abstract Surveillance of Legionella spp. in hospital water systems was performed in forty-four inpatient healthcare facilities in Spain during 2005-2006. A total of 2,341 samples were collected: 470 from cooling systems (cooling towers) and 1,871 from potable water systems. The latter included 211 from cold-water tanks and 260 from hot-water tanks, totalling 471 from central water reservoirs 136 from showers, 1,172 from unfiltered taps and 92 from filtered taps, totalling 1,400 from peripheral points. Temperature, chlorine levels and the presence of Legionella spp. were determined. In all, 373 (15.9%) samples yielded Legionella spp. Significantly higher isolation rates were obtained from cooling towers (23.8%) versus cold- and hot-water tanks (approximately 4.7%), due to the significantly higher number of samples positive for serogroup 1 (19.4 vs 0.9-3.5%). In potable water systems, no differences were found between central water tanks and showers, but significant differences in isolation rates between central water tanks and unfiltered taps were observed (4.7 vs 19.6%) due to differences in non-serogroup 1 L. pneumophila. Filters significantly decreased isolation rates of these serotypes (11 vs 0%). Some seasonal differences were noted, with higher isolation rates in summer for legionella serogroup 1 in cooling systems and for L. pneumophila serogroups 2-14 in potable water systems. In regression models, higher temperatures were associated with colonisation in cooling systems, while lower chlorine levels were associated with colonisation in potable water systems. Descriptors Air Conditioning/instrumentation, Equipment Contamination/statistics & numerical data, Health Facilities/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Legionella pneumophila/classification/isolation & purification, Seasons, Serotyping, Spain/epidemiology, Water Microbiology, Water Purification, Water Supply/analysis/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rivera,J. M., Aguilar,L., Granizo,J. J., Vos-Arenilla,A., Gimenez,M. J., Aguiar,J. M., Prieto,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071010 PMCID Editors
Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation	2012	Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Jan Volume 1 Issue Start Page CD006219 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Antidepressive Agents); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Piperidines); 0 (Pyrazoles); 0 (Quinoxalines); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 22258966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22258966 Abstract BACKGROUND: Most people who stop smoking gain weight. There are some interventions that have been designed to reduce weight gain when stopping smoking. Some smoking cessation interventions may also limit weight gain although their effect on weight has not been reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the effect of: (1) Interventions targeting post-cessation weight gain on weight change and smoking cessation.(2) Interventions designed to aid smoking cessation that may also plausibly affect weight on post-cessation weight change. SEARCH METHODS: Part 1 - We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register and CENTRAL in September 2011.Part 2 - In addition we searched the included studies in the following "parent" Cochrane reviews: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), antidepressants, nicotine receptor partial agonists, cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists and exercise interventions for smoking cessation published in Issue 9, 2011 of the Cochrane Library. SELECTION CRITERIA: Part 1 - We included trials of interventions that were targeted at post-cessation weight gain and had measured weight at any follow up point and/or smoking cessation six or more months after quit day.Part 2 - We included trials that had been included in the selected parent Cochrane reviews if they had reported weight gain at any time point. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data on baseline characteristics of the study population, intervention, outcome and study quality. Change in weight was expressed as difference in weight change from baseline to follow up between trial arms and was reported in abstinent smokers only. Abstinence from smoking was expressed as a risk ratio (RR). We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence available in each trial. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using the inverse variance method for weight and Mantel-Haenszel method for smoking using a fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: Part 1: Some pharmacological interventions tested for limiting post cessation weight gain (PCWG) resulted in a significant reduction in WG at the end of treatment (dexfenfluramine (Mean difference (MD) -2.50 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.98 to -2.02, 1 study), phenylpropanolamine (MD -0.50 kg, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.20, N=3), naltrexone (MD -0.78 kg, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.05, N=2). There was no evidence that treatment reduced weight at 6 or 12 months (m). No pharmacological intervention significantly affected smoking cessation rates.Weight management education only was associated with no reduction in PCWG at end of treatment (6 or 12m). However these interventions significantly reduced abstinence at 12m (Risk ratio (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.90, N=2). Personalised weight management support reduced PCWG at 12m (MD -2.58 kg, 95% CI -5.11 to -0.05, N=2) and was not associated with a significant reduction of abstinence at 12m (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.43, N=2). A very low calorie diet (VLCD) significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -3.70 kg, 95% CI -4.82 to -2.58, N=1), but not significantly so at 12m (MD -1.30 kg, 95% CI -3.49 to 0.89, N=1). The VLCD increased chances of abstinence at 12m (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.73, N=1). There was no evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy to allay concern about weight gain (CBT) reduced PCWG, but there was some evidence of increased PCWG at 6m (MD 0.74, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.24). It was associated with improved abstinence at 6m (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.13, N=2) but not at 12m (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.86, N=2). However, there was significant statistical heterogeneity.Part 2: We found no evidence that exercise interventions significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -0.25 kg, 95% CI -0.78 to 0.29, N=4) however a significant reduction was found at 12m (MD -2.07 kg, 95% CI -3.78 to -0.36, N=3).Both bupropion and fluoxetine limited PCWG at the end of treatment (bupropion MD -1.12 kg, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.77, N=7) (fluoxetine MD -0.99 kg, 95% CI -1.36 to - Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Farley,A.C., Hajek,P., Lycett,D., Aveyard,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120118 PMCID Editors
Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit	2012	Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. n.l.lindson@bham.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 14-Nov Volume 11 Issue Start Page CD008033 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130703; JID: 100909747; CIN: JAMA. 2013 Jul 3;310(1):91-2. PMID: 23821093; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 23152252 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD008033.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23152252 Abstract BACKGROUND: The standard way to stop smoking is to quit abruptly on a designated quit day. A number of smokers have tried unsuccessfully to quit this way. Reducing smoking before quitting could be an alternative approach to cessation. Before this method is adopted it is important to determine whether it is at least as successful as abrupt quitting. OBJECTIVES: 1. To compare the success of reducing smoking to quit and abrupt quitting interventions. 2. To compare adverse events between arms in studies that used pharmacotherapy to aid reduction. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Review Group specialised register using topic specific terms. The register contains reports of trials of tobacco addiction interventions identified from searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycInfo. We also searched reference lists of relevant papers and contacted authors of ongoing trials. Date of most recent search: July 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that recruited adults who wanted to quit smoking. Studies included at least one condition which instructed participants to reduce their smoking and then quit and one condition which instructed participants to quit abruptly. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up. We pooled the included trials using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. Trials were split for two sub-group analyses: pharmacotherapy vs no pharmacotherapy, self help therapy vs behavioural support. Adverse events were summarised as a narrative. It was not possible to compare them quantitatively as there was variation in the nature and depth of reporting across studies. MAIN RESULTS: Ten studies were relevant for inclusion, with a total of 3760 participants included in the meta-analysis. Three of these studies used pharmacotherapy as part of the interventions. Five studies included behavioural support in the intervention, four included self-help therapy, and the remaining study had arms which included behavioural support and arms which included self-help therapy. Neither reduction or abrupt quitting had superior abstinence rates when all the studies were combined in the main analysis (RR= 0.94, 95% CI= 0.79 to 1.13), whether pharmacotherapy was used (RR= 0.87, 95% CI= 0.65 to 1.22), or not (RR= 0.97, 95% CI= 0.78 to 1.21), whether studies included behavioural support (RR= 0.87, 95% CI= 0.64 to 1.17) or self-help therapy (RR= 0.98, 95% CI= 0.78 to1.23). We were unable to draw conclusions about the difference in adverse events between interventions, however recent studies suggest that pre-quit NRT does not increase adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Reducing cigarettes smoked before quit day and quitting abruptly, with no prior reduction, produced comparable quit rates, therefore patients can be given the choice to quit in either of these ways. Reduction interventions can be carried out using self-help materials or aided by behavioural support, and can be carried out with the aid of pre-quit NRT. Further research needs to investigate which method of reduction before quitting is the most effective, and which categories of smokers benefit the most from each method, to inform future policy and intervention development. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lindson-Hawley,N., Aveyard,P., Hughes,J.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121114 PMCID Editors
Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit	2010	Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, B15 2TT.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 17-Mar Volume (3):CD008033. doi Issue 3 Start Page CD008033 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140317; GR: 10414/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: PG/08/047/25082/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; JID: 100909747; CIN: Public Health Nurs. 2011 Jan-Feb;28(1):54-6. PMID: 21198815; UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11:CD008033. PM Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 20238361 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD008033.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20238361 Abstract BACKGROUND: The standard way to stop smoking is to quit abruptly on a designated quit day. A number of smokers have tried unsuccessfully to quit this way. Reducing smoking before quitting could be an alternative approach to cessation. Before this method is adopted it is important to determine whether it is at least as successful as abrupt quitting. OBJECTIVES: 1. To compare the success of reducing smoking to quit and abrupt quitting interventions. 2. To compare adverse events between arms in studies that used pharmacotherapy to aid reduction. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Review Group specialised register, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycInfo for topic specific terms combined with terms used to identify trials of tobacco addiction interventions. We also searched reference lists of relevant papers and contacted authors of ongoing trials. Date of most recent search: November 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that recruited adults who wanted to quit smoking. Studies included at least one condition which instructed participants to reduce their smoking and then quit and one condition which instructed participants to quit abruptly. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up. We pooled the included trials using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. Trials were split for two sub-group analyses: pharmacotherapy vs no pharmacotherapy, self help therapy vs behavioural support. Adverse events were summarised as a narrative. It was not possible to compare them quantitatively as there was variation in the nature and depth of reporting across studies. MAIN RESULTS: Ten studies were relevant for inclusion, with a total of 3760 participants included in the meta-analysis. Three of these studies used pharmacotherapy as part of the interventions. Five studies included behavioural support in the intervention, four included self-help therapy, and the remaining study had arms which included behavioural support and arms which included self-help therapy. Neither reduction or abrupt quitting had superior abstinence rates when all the studies were combined in the main analysis (RR= 0.94, 95% CI= 0.79 to 1.13), whether pharmacotherapy was used (RR= 0.87, 95% CI= 0.65 to 1.22), or not (RR= 0.97, 95% CI= 0.78 to 1.21), whether studies included behavioural support (RR= 0.87, 95% CI= 0.64 to 1.17) or self-help therapy (RR= 0.98, 95% CI= 0.78 to1.23). We were unable to draw conclusions about the difference in adverse events between interventions, however recent studies suggest that pre-quit NRT does not increase adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Reducing cigarettes smoked before quit day and quitting abruptly, with no prior reduction, produced comparable quit rates, therefore patients can be given the choice to quit in either of these ways. Reduction interventions can be carried out using self-help materials or aided by behavioural support, and can be carried out with the aid of pre-quit NRT. Further research needs to investigate which method of reduction before quitting is the most effective, and which categories of smokers benefit the most from each method, to inform future policy and intervention development. Descriptors Adult, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/psychology/therapy, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lindson,N., Aveyard,P., Hughes,J. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100317 PMCID Editors
Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation	2014	Primary Care, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 25 Room N32, ITTC Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth, UK, PL6 8BX.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 23-Jan Volume (1):CD000009. doi Issue 1 Start Page CD000009 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 24459016 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD000009.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24459016 Abstract BACKGROUND: Acupuncture and related techniques are promoted as a treatment for smoking cessation in the belief that they may reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this review are to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture and the related interventions of acupressure, laser therapy and electrostimulation in smoking cessation, in comparison with no intervention, sham treatment, or other interventions. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register (which includes trials of smoking cessation interventions identified from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) and AMED in October 2013. We also searched four Chinese databases in September 2013: Sino-Med, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and VIP. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized trials comparing a form of acupuncture, acupressure, laser therapy or electrostimulation with either no intervention, sham treatment or another intervention for smoking cessation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the type of smokers recruited, the nature of the intervention and control procedures, the outcome measures, method of randomization, and completeness of follow-up.We assessed abstinence from smoking at the earliest time-point (before six weeks) and at the last measurement point between six months and one year. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial, and biochemically validated rates if available. Those lost to follow-up were counted as continuing smokers. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis pooling risk ratios using a fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We included 38 studies. Based on three studies, acupuncture was not shown to be more effective than a waiting list control for long-term abstinence, with wide confidence intervals and evidence of heterogeneity (n = 393, risk ratio [RR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98 to 3.28, I(2) = 57%). Compared with sham acupuncture, the RR for the short-term effect of acupuncture was 1.22 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.38), and for the long-term effect was 1.10 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.40). The studies were not judged to be free from bias, and there was evidence of funnel plot asymmetry with larger studies showing smaller effects. The heterogeneity between studies was not explained by the technique used. Acupuncture was less effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). There was no evidence that acupuncture is superior to psychological interventions in the short- or long-term. There is limited evidence that acupressure is superior to sham acupressure for short-term outcomes (3 trials, n = 325, RR 2.54, 95% CI 1.27 to 5.08), but no trials reported long-term effects, The pooled estimate for studies testing an intervention that included continuous auricular stimulation suggested a short-term benefit compared to sham stimulation (14 trials, n = 1155, RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.16); subgroup analysis showed an effect for continuous acupressure (7 studies, n = 496, RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.78 to 4.18) but not acupuncture with indwelling needles (6 studies, n = 659, RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.69). At longer follow-up the CIs did not exclude no effect (5 trials, n = 570, RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.74). The evidence from two trials using laser stimulation was inconsistent and could not be combined. The combined evidence on electrostimulation suggests it is not superior to sham electrostimulation (short-term abstinence: 6 trials, n = 634, RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.46; long-term abstinence: 2 trials, n = 405, RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.23). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Although pooled estimates suggest possible short-term effects there is no consistent, bias-free evidence that acupuncture, acupressure, or laser therapy have a sustained benefit on smoking cessation for six months or more. However, lack of evidence and methodological problems mean that no firm conclusions can be drawn. Electro Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors White,A.R., Rampes,H., Liu,J.P., Stead,L.F., Campbell,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140123 PMCID Editors
Sport practice among private secondary-school students in Dubai in 2004	2008	Primary Health Care, Department of Health and Medical Service, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. dabraham@dohms.gov.ae	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 14 Issue 3 Start Page 704 Other Pages 714 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9608387; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397; 1020-3397 Accession Number PMID: 18720635 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18720635 Abstract A study was made of sport practice and of knowledge, attitude and practice towards sport among 1475 private secondary-school students in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 2004. UAE students practised sport more than non-UAE students (33.9% versus 18.7% had good levels of activity) but there was no significant difference in positive attitudes towards sport practice (87.1% and 86.2% respectively). A good level of sport (vigorous exercise > or = 3 times per week for 20 min) was higher among males (26.0%) than females (14.7%). There was a significant association between overweight and obesity as well as tobacco smoking and low levels of sport practice. Health education intervention is needed to improve sport practice among young people. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/ethnology, Attitude to Health/ethnology, Chi-Square Distribution, Educational Status, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Nutritional Status, Obesity/ethnology/prevention & control, Parents/education, Private Sector/statistics & numerical data, Psychology, Adolescent, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Smoking/ethnology, Sports/education/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Arab Emirates/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wasfi,A. S., El-Sherbiny,A. A., Gurashi,E., Al Sayegh,F. U. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use and associated factors among school students in Dubai, 2010: intervention study	2015	Primary Health Care, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; Primary Health Care, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; Primary Health Care, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; Primary Health Care, Dubai Hea	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form 2-Feb Volume 20 Issue 12 Start Page 765 Other Pages 773 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9608387; 2013/07/30 [received]; 2014/06/25 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397; 1020-3397 Accession Number PMID: 25664514 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25664514 Abstract Tobacco smoking is an emerging problem among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to measure the prevalence of current tobacco use and its associated factors among school students in Dubai Emirate and to determine the impact of an intervention programme on knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use. A school-based intervention programme was carried out among 2457 students aged 10-20 years and data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Of the students, 14.6% were tobacco users, mostly cigarettes (11.2%) and waterpipes (2.2%). The most common self-reported reasons for smoking were for the experience (29.4%), for stress relief (22.5%) and because their peers smoked (21.9%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of tobacco use were: male, higher age, UAE national, higher school level, government school, low knowledge about tobacco and family history of smoking. There were significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes scores after the health education intervention programme.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Obaid,H.A., Hassan,M.A., Mahdy,N.H., ElDisouky,M.I., Alzarba,F.E., Alnayeemi,S.R., Rillera,M.C., AlMazrooei,B.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150202 PMCID Editors
Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation	2010	Professional Development and Quality Assurance, Department of Health, 1/F Main Block, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Rd, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 20-Jan Volume (1):CD006936. doi Issue 1 Start Page CD006936 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150520; JID: 100909747; UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;3:CD006936. PMID: 25726920; RF: 69; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 20091612 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006936.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20091612 Abstract BACKGROUND: Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a directive patient-centred style of counselling, designed to help people to explore and resolve ambivalence about behaviour change. It was developed as a treatment for alcohol abuse, but may help smokers to a make a successful attempt to quit. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of motivational interviewing in promoting smoking cessation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register for studies with terms (motivational OR motivation OR motivating OR motivate OR behavi* OR motivat) and (interview OR session* OR counsel* OR practi) in the title or abstract, or as keywords. Date of the most recent search: April 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials in which motivational interviewing or its variants were offered to smokers to assist smoking cessation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow up. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically validated rates where available. Subjects lost to follow up were treated as continuing smokers. We performed meta-analysis using a fixed-effect Mantel-Haenszel model. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 14 studies published between 1997 and 2008, involving over 10,000 smokers. Trials were conducted in one to four sessions, with the duration of each session ranging from 15 to 45 minutes. All but two of the trials used supportive telephone contacts, and supplemented the counselling with self-help materials. MI was generally compared with brief advice or usual care in the trials. Interventions were delivered by primary care physicians, hospital clinicians, nurses or counsellors. Our meta-analysis of MI versus brief advice or usual care yielded a modest but significant increase in quitting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.42). Subgroup analyses suggested that MI was effective when delivered by primary care physicians (RR 3.49; 95% CI 1.53 to 7.94) and by counsellors (RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.43), and when it was conducted in longer sessions (more than 20 minutes per session) (RR 1.31; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.49). Multiple session treatments may be slightly more effective than single sessions, but both regimens produced positive outcomes. Evidence is unclear at present on the optimal number of follow-up calls.There was variation across the trials in treatment fidelity. All trials used some variant of motivational interviewing.Critical details in how it was modified for the particular study population, the training of therapists and the content of the counselling were sometimes lacking from trial reports. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Motivational interviewing may assist smokers to quit. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to variations in study quality, treatment fidelity and the possibility of publication or selective reporting bias. Descriptors* Behavior Therapy/methods, Hotlines, Humans, Motivation, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/psychology/therapy, Smoking Cessation/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lai,D. T., Cahill,K., Qin,Y., Tang,J. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100120 PMCID Editors
Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with different self-etching adhesives	2009	Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center (CIEAO), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM), Toluca, Mexico. rogelio_scougall@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Orthod.Dentofacial Orthop. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 136 Issue 3 Start Page 425 Other Pages 430 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8610224; 0 (Acrylic Resins); 0 (AdheSE cement); 0 (Beauty Ortho Bond); 0 (Clearfil Bonding Agent); 0 (Dental Alloys); 0 (Kurasper F); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer); 0 (Transbond XT); 059 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1097-6752; 0889-5406 Accession Number PMID: 19732677 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; D; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.08.024 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19732677 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with 4 self-etching adhesives. METHODS: A total of 175 extracted premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 35). Group I was the control, in which the enamel was etched with 37% phosphoric acid, and stainless steel brackets were bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). In the remaining 4 groups, the enamel was conditioned with the following self-etching primers and adhesives: group II, Transbond Plus and Transbond XT (3M Unitek); group III, Clearfil Mega Bond FA and Kurasper F (Kuraray Medical, Tokyo, Japan); group IV, Primers A and B, and BeautyOrtho Bond (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan); and group V, AdheSE and Heliosit Orthodontic (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein). The teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and debonded with a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) including enamel fracture score was also evaluated. Additionally, the conditioned enamel surfaces were observed under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The SBS values of groups I (19.0 +/- 6.7 MPa) and II (16.6 +/- 7.3 MPa) were significantly higher than those of groups III (11.0 +/- 3.9 MPa), IV (10.1 +/- 3.7 MPa), and V (11.8 +/- 3.5 MPa). Fluoride-releasing adhesives (Kurasper F and BeautyOrtho Bond) showed clinically acceptable SBS values. Significant differences were found in the ARI and enamel fracture scores between groups I and II. CONCLUSIONS: The 4 self-etching adhesives yielded SBS values higher than the bond strength (5.9 to 7.8 MPa) suggested for routine clinical treatment, indicating that orthodontic brackets can be successfully bonded with any of these self-etching adhesives. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Acrylic Resins/chemistry, Adhesiveness, Dental Alloys/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/injuries/ultrastructure, Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation, Humans, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Orthodontic Brackets, Phosphoric Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Shear Strength, Stainless Steel/chemistry, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties, Temperature, Time Factors, Water/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Scougall Vilchis,R. J., Yamamoto,S., Kitai,N., Yamamoto,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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