WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Survey on the use of electronic cigarettes and tobacco among children in middle and high school	2016	Fondation du Souffle, comite departemental contre les maladies respiratoires de Loire-Atlantique, 18 B2, boulevard du Massacre, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France. Electronic address: cdmr44@wanadoo.fr.; Fondation du Souffle, comite departemental contre les mal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revue des maladies respiratoires Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Mal.Respir. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 33 Issue 1 Start Page 56 Other Pages 62 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8408032; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/27 [received]; 2015/02/02 [accepted]; 2015/06/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 1776-2588; 0761-8425 Accession Number PMID: 26071978 Language fre SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.05.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26071978 Abstract PURPOSE OF STUDY: To estimate the prevalence of electronic cigarette use among teenagers and its connection with the consumption of tobacco. METHODS: In 2014 we conducted a survey of 3319 middle and high school students. RESULTS: Among the students, 56% had tried an electronic cigarette at least once (boys: 59.9%, girls: 49.3%; ranging from 31.3% for the 8th grade students to 66.1% for the 12th grades). However, only 3.4% reported that they used electronic cigarettes every day. Initiation of e-cigarette use in these teenagers was principally due to use by friends or triggered by curiosity and they usually choose fruit or sweet flavours initially. The majority could not give the concentration of nicotine in e-cigarettes that they used. Moreover, 61.5% of the students had ever tried tobacco and 22.3% were daily smokers. Our study found a strong link between vaping and smoking. 80% of the students who had ever tried conventional cigarettes (94% for the daily smokers) had also tried an electronic cigarette, versus 16% of the student who have never smoked. Few students (6.2%) used electronic cigarettes without smoking tobacco too. Usually, they have tried tobacco before trying an electronic cigarette. Only tobacco smokers seem to smoke electronic cigarettes with nicotine. CONCLUSION: Although our study shows that teenagers frequently try electronic cigarettes, it does not prove, for the moment, that vaping itself usually leads to nicotine addiction. However, as most of the teenagers are unable to tell if the electronic cigarette they are testing contains nicotine, it raises the possibility that they could be vulnerable to manipulation by the tobacco industry. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS Data Source Authors Stenger,N., Chailleux,E. Original/Translated Title Enquete sur l'usage de la cigarette electronique et du tabac en milieu scolaire URL Date of Electronic 20150611 PMCID Editors
Survival of complete crowns and periodontal health: 18-year retrospective study	2007	Centre for Special Care, PaeCaMed Research, Unit of Gnathology and Temporomandibular Disorders, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium. hein.debacker@skynet.be	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The International journal of prosthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Prosthodont. Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 20 Issue 2 Start Page 151 Other Pages 158 Notes JID: 8900938; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0893-2174; 0893-2174 Accession Number PMID: 17455435 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17455435 Abstract PURPOSE: This study investigated the survival of complete crowns in relation to periodontal variables on a long-term basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,037 complete crowns made in an undergraduate clinic for 456 patients were evaluated over an 18-year period. The study population was a mixture of periodontally affected and non-periodontally affected patients, which is comparable to the population group in a private practice. Patients were offered a supportive maintenance program. Periodontal variables were measured, including Plaque Index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and attachment level. The Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) was calculated per sextant in a full-mouth assessment. RESULTS: The estimated survival rate was 78% at year 18. For the surviving restorations, the improved PI over time was statistically significant (P = .001). Odds ratios were 1.00 for both PI and BOP. For the CPITN, odds ratios were 3.00 to 3.83. Caries was the most frequent reason for failure, followed by periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: PI and BOP were not directly related to the frequency of failures. Patients with a high CPITN at baseline had a 3.8 times greater likelihood of losing a complete crown (and abutment tooth) than patients with a low CPITN. The higher failure rate was related not only to periodontal disease, but also to a wide range of biologic and technical problems. In relation to complete crown survival, caution is needed in patients with a high CPITN at baseline. Prosthetic work should be preceded by periodontal examination and prophylactic and periodontal treatment if needed. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Crowns, Dental Abutments, Dental Caries/complications, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Prosthesis Design, Dental Restoration Failure, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/classification/complications, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors De Backer,H., Van Maele,G., De Moor,N., Van den Berghe,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Survival of Patients with Stomach Cancer and its Determinants in Kurdistan	2016	Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Email : d.roshani@muk.ac.ir.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 17 Issue 7 Start Page 3243 Other Pages 3248 Notes JID: 101130625; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 27509957 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27509957 Abstract BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the world. In Iran, this type of cancer has high rates of incidence and mortality. This study aimed to assess the survival rate of patients with stomach cancer and its determinants in Kurdistan, a province with one of the highest incidence rates of stomach cancer in the country. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied a total of 202 patients with stomach cancer who were admitted to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj from 2009 to 2013. Using KaplanMeier nonparametric methods the survival rate of patients was calculated in terms of different levels of age at diagnosis, gender, education, residential area, occupation, underweight, and clinical variables including tumor histology, site of tumor, disease stage, and type of treatment. In addition, we compared the survival rates using the logrank test. Finally, Cox proportional hazards regression was applied using Stata 12 and R 3.1.0 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 64.7 +/- 12.0 years. The survival rate of patients with stomach cancer was 43.9% and 7% at the first and the fifth year after diagnosis, respectively. The results of logrank test showed significant relationships between survival and age at diagnosis, education, disease stage, type of treatment, and degree of being underweight (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moradi,G., Karimi,K., Esmailnasab,N., Roshani,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans biofilms to antifungal agents in vitro	2006	Department of Medicine and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 50 Issue 3 Start Page 1021 Other Pages 1033 Notes LR: 20141120; GR: AI033142-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: AI033774-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL059842-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Formazans); 0 (Melanins); 0 (Peptides, Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0066-4804; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 16495265 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 50/3/1021 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16495265 Abstract Microbial biofilms contribute to virulence and resistance to antibiotics by shielding microbial cells from host defenses and antimicrobial drugs, respectively. Cryptococcus neoformans was demonstrated to form biofilms in polystyrene microtiter plates. The numbers of CFU of disaggregated biofilms, 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide reduction, and light and confocal microscopy were used to measure the fungal mass, the metabolic activity, and the appearance of C. neoformans biofilms, respectively. Biofilm development by C. neoformans followed a standard sequence of events: fungal surface attachment, microcolony formation, and matrix production. The susceptibilities of C. neoformans cells of the biofilm and planktonic phenotypes to four antifungal agents were examined. The exposure of C. neoformans cells or preformed cryptococcal biofilms to fluconazole or voriconazole did not result in yeast growth inhibition and did not affect the metabolic activities of the biofilms, respectively. In contrast, both C. neoformans cells and preformed biofilms were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. However, C. neoformans biofilms were significantly more resistant to amphotericin B and caspofungin than planktonic cells, and their susceptibilities to these drugs were further reduced if cryptococcal cells contained melanin. A spot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and light and confocal microscopy were used to investigate how antifungal drugs affected C. neoformans biofilm formation. The mechanism by which amphotericin B and caspofungin interfered with C. neoformans biofilm formation involved capsular polysaccharide release and adherence. Our results suggest that biofilm formation may diminish the efficacies of some antifungal drugs during cryptococcal infection. Descriptors Amphotericin B/metabolism/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/metabolism/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Biomass, Cryptococcus neoformans/cytology/drug effects/metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Echinocandins, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluconazole/metabolism/pharmacology, Formazans/analysis, Melanins/metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microscopy, Confocal, Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism/pharmacology, Plankton/cytology/drug effects/metabolism, Pyrimidines/metabolism/pharmacology, Triazoles/metabolism/pharmacology, Voriconazole Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Martinez,L. R., Casadevall,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1426450 Editors
Susceptibility of restorative materials to staining by common beverages: an in vitro study	2007	Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. neveenmokhtar@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The European journal of esthetic dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Esthetic Dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Esthet.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 2 Issue 2 Start Page 236 Other Pages 247 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101285292; 0 (Coffee); 0 (Compomers); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Glass Ionomer Cements); 0 (Organically Modified Ceramics); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Silanes); 0 (Tea); 059QF0KO0R (Water); ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1862-0612; 1862-0612 Accession Number PMID: 19655568 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19655568 Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the staining potential of glass-ionomer and composite resin restorative materials following immersion in common beverages. Nine tooth-colored restorative materials were used: three glass ionomers (ceramic-reinforced, resin-modified, and conventional) and six composite resins (nanofilled, ormocer-based, flowable ormocer-based, polyacid-modified, microhybrid, and flowable microhybrid). Disk-shaped specimens were prepared and immersed in 37 degrees C distilled water for 24 hours. Over a 2-week period, five specimens of each material were immersed daily in one of three test beverages (coffee, tea, or cola), then stored in distilled water. A control group of five specimens of each material was continuously immersed in distilled water during the test period. Color coefficients (CIE Lab) were measured by a spectrophotometer before and after staining. All materials were susceptible to staining by all test beverages, while distilled water caused no perceptible color change. As determined by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests, there were highly significant differences in the change in color (deltaE) for tested materials in different beverages (P < or = .001). The deltaE was significantly higher for coffee and tea than for cola; the deltaE was significantly higher for the polyacid-modified composite resin than for all other materials. The material with the least amount of color change in coffee and tea was the ceramic-reinforced glass ionomer (deltaE = 12.45 and 10.64, respectively) and in cola was the nanofilled composite resin (deltaE = 1.93). Descriptors Beverages, Carbonated Beverages, Ceramics/chemistry, Coffee, Color, Compomers/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Materials/chemistry, Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry, Humans, Immersion, Materials Testing, Nanocomposites/chemistry, Organically Modified Ceramics, Resin Cements/chemistry, Silanes/chemistry, Spectrophotometry, Surface Properties, Tea, Temperature, Time Factors, Water/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ayad,N. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Susceptibility of the inner ear structure to shunt-related decompression sickness	2012	London Hyperbaric and Wound Healing Centre, Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK. mihaela.ignatescu@ddrc.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 83 Issue 12 Start Page 1145 Other Pages 1151 Notes JID: 7501714; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 23316542 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23316542 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Decompression sickness (DCS) is caused by formation and growth of bubbles from excess dissolved gas in body tissues following reduction in ambient pressure. Inner ear decompression sickness (IEDCS) is a complex disorder involving the vestibulo-cochlear apparatus whose pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. METHODS: The records of 662 consecutive DCS cases treated over a 7-yr period at 2 UK hyperbaric units were examined for symptoms suggesting IEDCS (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and hearing loss arising within 2 h of surfacing). For IEDCS cases, demographics, dive, treatment, and outcome data were extracted with particular attention to the outcome of testing for a right-to-left shunt. RESULTS: Included were 31 men and 2 women with a mean age of 46 yr (range 31-61 yr). Of these, 16 patients had isolated IEDCS and 17 patients had associated symptoms ranging from joint pain to tingling and numbness. The depth of the dive leading to the incident ranged from 49-256 ft (15-78 m). As primary treatment, 21 patients received a U.S. Navy Treatment Table 6 (USN TT6) and 11 patients received a Comex 30. No difference in the speed of recovery or number of treatments needed was seen between the two tables. All patients were advised to have a right to left shunt (RLS) check, but only 30 complied with that, with 24 (80%) testing RLS positive. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective study confirms the correlation between IEDCS and the presence of a significant patent foramen ovale (PFO). In our series 48% of patients had an isolated IEDCS. IEDCS responds slowly to treatment irrespective of the initial table used. Recovery is thought to be mainly a central compensation process. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ignatescu,M., Bryson,P., Klingmann,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida sp. and biofilm formation	2011	Katedra i Zaklad Mikrobiologii Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika w Toruniu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medycyna doswiadczalna i mikrobiologia Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Dosw.Mikrobiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 63 Issue 2 Start Page 171 Other Pages 187 Notes JID: 0210575; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Biocompatible Materials); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0025-8601; 0025-8601 Accession Number PMID: 22184912 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22184912 Abstract In recent years the increase in frequency of fungal infections with Candida sp. was noticed. These infections are connected with ability of Candida sp. to form biofilm on surfaces of biomaterials used in medicine. Furthermore fungal infections make serious therapeutic problems because ofbiofilm resistance to antifungal agents actually. The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida sp. and their ability to form biofilm on different biomaterials. 50 strains of Candida sp. isolated from patients of University Hospital No. 1 of dr A. Jurasz in Bydgoszcz were examined. API Candida (bioMerieux) tests were used to identify Candida sp. strains. The susceptibility of the yeast strains to antifungal agents was evaluated by ATB FUNGUS 2 INT (bioMerieux) tests. The susceptibility of examined strains to voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin and anidulafungin was assessed by means ofEtests (AB BIODISK) method employing drug concentrations from 0,002 to 32 microg/ml. All analysed strains were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. Biofilm formation on different biomaterials (silicon, latex, polychloride vinyl, polypropylene, nylon) was measured after 72 hour incubation at 37 degrees C. All examined yeasts formed biofilm on all analysed biomaterials. The highest number of strains formed biofilm on surface of polychloride vinyl: 23 (92,0%) by C. albicans strains and 24 (96,0%) Candida non-albicans strains. The lowest number of the strains formed biofilm on the surface of nylon: 12 (48,0%) of C. albicans strains and 9 (36,0%) of Candida non-albicans strains. The studied strains resistant to azoles and anidulafungin display stronger ability to form biofilm on surfaces of all analysed biomaterials. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ciok-Pater,E., Bialucha,A., Gospodarek,E., Ostafin,A. Original/Translated Title Lekowrazliwosc a zdolnosc tworzenia biofilmu przez Candida sp URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Susceptibility to echinocandins of Candida spp. strains isolated in Italy assessed by European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods	2015	Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy. mariateresa.montagna@uniba.it.; Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, University of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 20-May Volume 15 Issue Start Page 106 Other Pages 015-0442-4 Notes LR: 20150522; JID: 100966981; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Lipopeptides); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); R10H71BSWG (micafungin); OID: NLM: PMC4437500; 2015/01/09 [received]; 2015/05/11 [accepted]; 2015/05/20 [aheado Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2180; 1471-2180 Accession Number PMID: 25990252 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12866-015-0442-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25990252 Abstract BACKGROUND: The echinocandins are recommended as first-line therapy for Candida species infections, but drug resistance, especially among Candida glabrata, is becoming more frequent. We investigated the antifungal susceptibility of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against 584 isolates of Candida spp. (bloodstream, other sterile sites) collected from patients admitted to an Italian university hospital between 2000 and 2013. The susceptibility was evaluated using the broth microdilution method according to both the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST EDef 7.2) and the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI M27-A3). The echinocandin susceptibilities were assessed on the basis of the species-specific clinical breakpoints proposed by the EUCAST version 6.1 and CLSI M27-S4 documents. The two methods were comparable by assessing essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA), and Spearman's correlation analysis (rho, r). RESULTS: The modal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs; mug mL (-1)) values by both methods (EUCAST/CLSI) for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin for each species were, respectively, as follows: C. albicans, 0.03/0.12, 0.016/0.5, and 0.016/0.008; C. parapsilosis complex, 2/1, 2/2, and 2/1; C. tropicalis, 0.06/0.12, 0.06/0.12, and 0.06/0.12; C. glabrata complex, 0.03/0.25, 0.06/0.12, and 0.03/0.06; C. guilliermondii, 2/1, 2/2, and 2/2; and C. krusei, 0.06/0.12, 0.12/0.5, and 0.06/0.12. The overall resistance rates for EUCAST/CLSI were as follows: anidulafungin, 2.5/0.9%; caspofungin, breakpoint not available/3.8%; micafungin, 2.7/1.5%. Candida glabrata complex was the least susceptible to all three echinocandins, and the percentages of resistant isolates by EUCAST/CLSI were as follows: anidulafungin, 13.5/2.7%; caspofungin, breakpoint not available/16.2%; micafungin, 18.9/13.5%. The overall EA was 93 % for micafungin, 92% for anidulafungin, and 90% for caspofungin. The CA was >90% for all organism-drug combinations with the exception of C. glabrata and anidulafungin (89%). Spearman's rho for EUCAST/CLSI was 0.89 (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Montagna,M.T., Lovero,G., Coretti,C., Martinelli,D., De Giglio,O., Iatta,R., Balbino,S., Rosato,A., Caggiano,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150520 PMCID PMC4437500 Editors
Sustainability of a water, sanitation and hygiene education project in rural Bangladesh: a 5-year follow-up	1996	Environmental Health Programme, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.World Health Organ. Pub Date Free Form Volume 74 Issue 4 Start Page 431 Other Pages 437 Notes LR: 20130919; JID: 7507052; OID: NLM: PMC2486877; OID: PIP: 127290; OID: POP: 00268484; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.; ppublish Place of Publication SWITZERLAND ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686; 0042-9686 Accession Number PMID: 8823966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8823966 Abstract An integrated water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WSH) education intervention project was run by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, over the period 1983-87. In the intervention area the project provided handpumps, pit latrines, and hygiene education to about 800 households. The control population did not receive any interventions, but had access to the usual government and private WSH facilities. After 1987 no external support was provided to maintain these provisions. A cross-sectional follow-up survey, which was carried out in 1992, involved about 500 randomly selected households from the intervention and control areas. In 1992 about 82% of the pumps were still in good functional condition and of these, 94% had been functioning well in 1987. Fewer latrines were functional in 1992 (64%) than at the end of 1987 (93%). In the former intervention area about 84% of the adults were using sanitary latrines in 1992 compared with only 7% in the control area. Knowledge related to disease transmission, however, was poor and similar in both areas. People claimed that they used the WSH facilities to improve the quality of their lives. The prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in the 1992 survey among the control population was about twice that among those in the intervention area.; PIP: This study presents the findings of a 1992 follow-up survey to determine the behavioral and health benefits of the Mirzapur Handpump Project during 1984-92. The project was part of an integrated water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WSH) education intervention project run by the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh. The project was implemented during 1984-87 in five villages in Mirzapur subdistrict among 880 households with 148 improved handpumps, one twin pit latrine for almost every household, and extensive hygiene education. The control area included 750 households with about 42 handpumps. Local women participated in selecting installation sites, maintaining tubewells and latrines, and collecting data. The last program repairs were made in 1987. Findings from the 1992 survey reveal that the percentage of working pumps declined from 100% to 82% during 1987-92. 75% of respondents believed that maintenance was shared by users. The remaining 25% in the intervention area and all in the control area claimed that repair was taken care of by the owners. 84% used tubewell water because of the improved quality. Use of sanitary latrines was the same over time. Use was 83% in the intervention area and only 8% in the control area. There was a decline in the percentage of proper functioning latrines from 98% in 1987 to 64% in 1993. Hygiene practices remained poor in 1993, but still higher than in the control area. Knowledge of the transmission of diarrhea was poor in 1992 and similar in control and intervention areas. Diarrheal morbidity in the previous 24 hours was significantly lower in the intervention area. Findings indicate improvement in health practices but little understanding of WSH practices and improved health. The monitoring measures were useful in determining project sustainability. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diarrhea/prevention & control, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Hygiene/standards, Male, Quality of Life, Sampling Studies, Sanitation/standards, Water Supply/standards, Asia, Bangladesh, Demographic Factors, Developing Countries, Education, Environment, Follow-up Studies, Health, Hygiene, Natural Resources, Organization And Administration, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Education, Program Evaluation, Program Sustainability, Programs, Public Health, Research Methodology, Research Report, Rural Population, Sanitation, Southern Asia, Studies, Surveys, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoque,B. A., Juncker,T., Sack,R. B., Ali,M., Aziz,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2486877 Editors
Sustainability of water supplies in provincial Egypt	1993	Nicholson, N.F., Camp Dresser/, McKee International Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA 02142, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1993/ Volume 27 Issue 9 Start Page 47 Other Pages 53 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Life, health and hygiene all depend on access to a plentiful supply of safe drinking water. Piped water supplies in rural Egypt are insufficient to meet the demands of the existing population. This situation is worsening due to the rapid population growth and failure of existing water supply systems. There are already areas of the country with severe piped water shortages. If corrective action is not taken soon densely populated villages will become vulnerable to outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Immediate action is needed to reverse the deterioration of water supply systems and to improve the benefits gained from capital works investments in the sector. This paper promotes the concept that sustainable Water systems in rural Egypt depends on a central government and local unit partnership. Also needed are consumer bodies to determine user needs; local units to be given powers to manage the revenue and expenditure accounts; and the central government to concentrate on setting policies and guidelines, and assisting with the implementation of major capital works. Descriptors drinking water, conference paper, consumer, Egypt, female, health, hygiene, life, policy, population growth, rural population, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Nicholson,N. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail