Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| E-cigarettes, Cigarettes, and the Prevalence of Adolescent Tobacco Use | 2016 | Department of Preventive Medicine, and jtrimis@usc.edu.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Pediatrics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pediatrics
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
138
Issue
2
Start Page
10.1542/peds.2015
Other Pages
3983. Epub 2016 Jul 11
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0376422; 2016/05/09 [accepted]; 2016/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-4275; 0031-4005
Accession Number
PMID: 27401102
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1542/peds.2015-3983 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27401102
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adolescent e-cigarette use has increased rapidly in recent years, but it is unclear whether e-cigarettes are merely substituting for cigarettes or whether e-cigarettes are being used by those who would not otherwise have smoked. To understand the role of e-cigarettes in overall tobacco product use, we examine prevalence rates from Southern California adolescents over 2 decades. METHODS: The Children's Health Study is a longitudinal study of cohorts reaching 12th grade in 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, and 2014. Cohorts were enrolled from entire classrooms in schools in selected communities and followed prospectively through completion of secondary school. Analyses used data from grades 11 and 12 of each cohort (N = 5490). RESULTS: Among 12th-grade students, the combined adjusted prevalence of current cigarette or e-cigarette use in 2014 was 13.7%. This was substantially greater than the 9.0% adjusted prevalence of current cigarette use in 2004, before e-cigarettes were available (P = .003) and only slightly less than the 14.7% adjusted prevalence of smoking in 2001 (P = .54). Similar patterns were observed for prevalence rates in 11th grade, for rates of ever use, and among both male and female adolescents and both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence among Southern California adolescents has declined over 2 decades, but the high prevalence of combined e-cigarette or cigarette use in 2014, compared with historical Southern California smoking prevalence, suggests that e-cigarettes are not merely substituting for cigarettes and indicates that e-cigarette use is occurring in adolescents who would not otherwise have used tobacco products.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Data Source
Authors
Barrington-Trimis,J.L., Urman,R., Leventhal,A.M., Gauderman,W.J., Cruz,T.B., Gilreath,T.D., Howland,S., Unger,J.B., Berhane,K., Samet,J.M., McConnell,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160711
PMCID
Editors
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| Dominant plasmids carrying extended spectrum beta-lactamases blaCTX-M genes in genetically diverse Escherichia coli from slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters | 2016 | Toxalim, Universite de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.; UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sante Publique, INRA, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.; UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sante Publique, Universite Francois Rabelais de Tours, F-37000, Tours, Fra | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental microbiology reports
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Microbiol.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
12-Jul
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160712; CI: (c) 2016; JID: 101499207; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1758-2229; 1758-2229
Accession Number
PMID: 27402421
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.1111/1758-2229.12440 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27402421
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) receiving effluents from food-producing animals and humans may contribute to the spread of ESBL-carrying plasmids. This study was designed to investigate extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant E. coli strains, CTX-M distributions and the genetic lineage of blaCTX-M -carrying plasmids from urban and slaughterhouse wastewaters. The level of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli in slaughterhouse wastewater entering the WWTP was negligible compared to that of urban wastewater. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was predominant in slaughterhouse wastewater whereas diverse blaCTX-M genes were encountered in urban wastewater and WWTP outlet. Characterization of the main CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates by antibiotic resistance phenotyping, genotyping and typing of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M genes revealed that blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes were harbored by the predominant blaCTX-M-1 IncI1/ST3 and blaCTX-M-15 F31:A4:B1 plasmids, which were recovered from unrelated E. coli genotypes in both slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters. This study highlighted the spread of predominant blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 plasmid lineages in diverse E. coli genotypes from humans and food-producing animals, their mixing in WWTP and final release into the aquatic environment. This could have a serious negative impact on public health and requires further evaluation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Dupouy,V., Doublet,B., Arpaillange,N., Praud,K., Bibbal,D., Brugere,H., Oswald,E., Cloeckaert,A., Toutain,P.L., Bousquet-Melou,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160712
PMCID
Editors
|
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| ''Quit & Win'' Contests Among College Students: Predictors of Long-Term Smoking Abstinence | 2016 | University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA jthomas@umn.edu.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Health promotion : AJHP
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Health Promot.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
30
Issue
4
Start Page
264
Other Pages
271
Notes
CI: (c) The Author(s) 2016; JID: 8701680; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
2168-6602; 0890-1171
Accession Number
PMID: 27404062
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; T
DOI
10.1177/0890117116639560 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27404062
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine smoking abstinence rates and predictors of abstinence among college students enrolled in a campus-based Quit & Win contest. DESIGN: Pre-post measure with no comparison group. SETTING: Contests conducted on seven college campuses in 2007. SUBJECTS: Subjects (N = 484) were 23.7 +/- 6.8 years of age, 61% female, 16.3% nonwhite, and smoked 12.5 +/- 7.8 cigarettes per day on 28.0 +/- 4.8 days in the past month. INTERVENTION: Participants abstinent for the 30-day contest were eligible for a lottery-based prize. Assessments were completed at baseline, end of contest, and 6 months after enrollment. MEASURES: The 6-month survey assessed retrospective abstinence during the contest period and the prior 6 months and 7- and 30-day point prevalence abstinence at the time of the survey. ANALYSIS: Chi-square test was used to compare baseline characteristics among participants from 2-versus 4-year schools. Smoking abstinence was assessed by participant self-report. Both a simple imputation method (i.e., missing = smoking) and completers-only analyses were conducted. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine baseline predictors of abstinence. RESULTS: Thirty-day abstinence rate was 52.5% during the contest month and 20.5% at the 6-month follow-up. Baseline intention to stay quit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, p = .01), cigarettes smoked per day (OR = .67, p = .04), and 2-year (vs. 4-year) college (OR = 1.65, p = .05) predicted abstinence at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Intention to stay quit even without winning a prize, a measure of intrinsic motivation, predicted both short- and long-term abstinence.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Thomas,J.L., Luo,X., Bengtson,J.E., Weber-Main,A.M., Lust,K., Ahluwalia,J.S., An,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Cigarette smoke induced autophagy-impairment accelerates lung aging, COPD-emphysema exacerbations and pathogenesis | 2016 | Central Michigan University, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine nvij1@jhmi.edu.; Central Michigan University.; Central Michigan University.; Central Michigan University.; Central Michigan University. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American journal of physiology.Cell physiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Physiol.Cell.Physiol.
Pub Date Free Form
13-Jul
Volume
Issue
Start Page
ajpcell.00110.2016
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160714; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 100901225; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/06/29 [accepted]; 2016/04/22 [received]; aheadofprint; SO: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2016 Jul 13:ajpcell.00110.2016. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00110.2016.
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1522-1563; 0363-6143
Accession Number
PMID: 27413169
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.1152/ajpcell.00110.2016 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27413169
Abstract
RATIONALE: Cigarette-smoke (CS) exposure and aging are the leading causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-emphysema development, although the molecular mechanism that mediates disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of CS-exposure and aging on autophagy, and pathophysiological changes associated with lung aging (senescence) and emphysema progression. METHODS: Beas2b cells, C57BL/6 mice and human (GOLD 0-IV) lung tissues were used to determine the central mechanism involved in CS/age-related COPD-emphysema pathogenesis. RESULTS: Beas2b cells and murine lungs exposed to CSE/CS showed a significant (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology
Data Source
Authors
Vij,N., Chandramani,P., Westphal,C.V., Hole,R., Bodas,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160713
PMCID
Editors
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| Little Cigars and Cigarillos: Users, Perceptions, and Reasons for Use | 2016 | Research Consultant, Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.; Associate Professor, Division of Health Promotion & Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, G | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco regulatory science
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob Regul.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
2
Issue
3
Start Page
239
Other Pages
251
Notes
LR: 20160717; GR: P50 DA036128/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101655763; NIHMS791953; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/07/01 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
2333-9748; 2333-9748
Accession Number
PMID: 27413772
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.18001/TRS.2.3.4 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27413772
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examines little cigar and cigarillo (LCC) adult user characteristics, perceived addictiveness, use and importance of flavors, intentions to continue use, and reasons for use to inform prevention efforts and regulatory policy. METHODS: Data come from the 2014 Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions Survey of a national probability sample of 5717 US adults, conducted online, June-November, 2014. The analytic sample consisted of 141 current LCC users. RESULTS: Current LCC smokers were more likely to be male, younger, black or Hispanic, lower SES, current cigarette smokers, and to report poorer health than non-smokers. Perceived addictiveness was low overall, with 73.6% considering themselves "not at all" addicted, although female LCC users and dual users of cigarettes were more likely to consider themselves addicted to LCCs. Use of flavored LCCs was widespread. Flavors were cited as important reasons for use, especially among younger users, as were favorable comparisons with affordability and burn time of cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Most LCC users do not perceive themselves addicted to LCCs. Users report being influenced most by flavorings and affordability, indicating that appropriate regulations and education to improve health perceptions could help reduce use of these harmful products.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nyman,A.L., Sterling,K.L., Weaver,S.R., Majeed,B.A., Eriksen,M.P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160701
PMCID
PMC4939836
Editors
|
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| Tobacco Product Use Among Adults - United States, 2013-2014 | 2016 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Jul
Volume
65
Issue
27
Start Page
685
Other Pages
691
Notes
JID: 7802429; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 27416365
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.15585/mmwr.mm6527a1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27416365
Abstract
While significant declines in cigarette smoking have occurred among U.S. adults during the past 5 decades, the use of emerging tobacco products* has increased in recent years (1-3). To estimate tobacco use among U.S. adults aged >/=18 years, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2013-2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS). During 2013-2014, 21.3% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day or some days, and 25.5% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day, some days, or rarely. Despite progress in reducing cigarette smoking, during 2013-2014, cigarettes remained the most commonly used tobacco product among adults. Young adults aged 18-24 years reported the highest prevalence of use of emerging tobacco products, including water pipes/hookahs and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Furthermore, racial/ethnic and sociodemographic differences in the use of any tobacco product were observed, with higher use reported among males; non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanics of other races(dagger); persons aged
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hu,S.S., Neff,L., Agaku,I.T., Cox,S., Day,H.R., Holder-Hayes,E., King,B.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160715
PMCID
Editors
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| Alveolar haemorrhage following a cannabis water pipe | 2016 | Service de pneumologie, hopital militaire principal d'instruction de Tunis, faculte de medecine de Tunis, Montfleury, 1008 Tunis, Tunisie. Electronic address: moatemrizied@yahoo.fr.; Service de pneumologie, hopital militaire principal d'instruction de Tun | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revue de pneumologie clinique
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Pneumol.Clin.
Pub Date Free Form
12-Jul
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160716; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8406312; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/05/05 [received]; 2016/03/21 [accepted]; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0761-8417; 0761-8417
Accession Number
PMID: 27421143
Language
FRE
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE; ENGLISH ABSTRACT
DOI
S0761-8417(16)30018-9 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27421143
Abstract
Respiratory toxicity of cannabis is well-known today particularly with the new consumption patterns. We report the case of a 25-year-old man admitted for haemoptysis, with unfavourable outcome and acute respiratory failure. Various explorations concluded to acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Etiological assessment was initially negative. Outcome was favourable during hospitalization, authorizing the discharge of our patient. Two days later, alveolar haemorrhage recur, with positive toxicological tests for cannabis and the patient admits smoking cannabis by plastic "bang". We illustrate, through this case, the severity of respiratory complications caused by new methods of using cannabis, particularly with plastic 'bang', hence the need to insist of the importance of supported withdrawal and to inform young people how these techniques are serious.ssss.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Masson SAS
Data Source
Authors
Moatemri,Z., Zaibi,H., Dabboussi,S., Mhamedi,S., Aichaouia,C., Khadhraoui,M., Cheikh,R.
Original/Translated Title
Hemorragie alveolaire suite a un bang de cannabis
URL
Date of Electronic
20160712
PMCID
Editors
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| Cancer risk in waterpipe smokers: a meta-analysis | 2016 | Department of Global and Public Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar. ram2026@qatar-med.cornell.edu.; Department of Global and Public Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.; Dean's Office, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Jul
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160716; JID: 101304551; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/12/22 [received]; 2016/07/08 [accepted]; 2016/05/16 [revised]; 2016/07/15 [aheadofprint]; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1661-8564; 1661-8556
Accession Number
PMID: 27421466
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.1007/s00038-016-0856-2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27421466
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To quantify by meta-analysis the relationship between waterpipe smoking and cancer, including cancer of the head and neck, esophagus, stomach, lung and bladder. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search to identify relevant studies, scored their quality, used fixed and random-effect models to estimate summary relative risks (SRR), evaluated heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS: We retrieved information from 28 published reports. Considering only highquality studies, waterpipe smoking was associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer (SRR 2.97; 95 % CI 2.26-3.90), esophageal cancer (1.84; 1.42-2.38) and lung cancer (2.22; 1.24-3.97), with no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias. Increased risk was also observed for stomach and bladder cancer but based mainly on poor-quality studies. For colorectum, liver and for all sites combined risk estimates were elevated, but there were insufficient reports to perform a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to the perception of the relative safety of waterpipe smoking, this meta-analysis provides quantitative estimates of its association with cancers of the head and neck, esophagus and lung. The scarcity and limited quality of available reports point out the need for larger carefully designed studies in well-defined populations.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mamtani,R., Cheema,S., Sheikh,J., Al Mulla,A., Lowenfels,A., Maisonneuve,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160715
PMCID
Editors
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| Strategies to promote smoking cessation among adolescents | 2016 | Canadian Paediatric Society, Adolescent Health Committee.; Canadian Paediatric Society, Adolescent Health Committee. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Paediatrics & child health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Paediatr.Child.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
21
Issue
4
Start Page
201
Other Pages
208
Notes
LR: 20160720; JID: 9815960; OID: NLM: PMC4934162 [Available on 11/01/16]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2016/11/01 00:00; ppublish
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1205-7088; 1205-7088
Accession Number
PMID: 27429574
Language
eng; fre
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27429574
Abstract
In recent years, youth have been exposed to a broader spectrum of tobacco products including smokeless tobacco, hookah (water pipe) and e-cigarettes. Despite active local, provincial/territorial and national prevention strategies and legislated controls, thousands of teenagers develop an addiction to tobacco products each year. Current and available smoking cessation interventions for youth have the potential to help teens stop smoking and, as a result, greatly reduce Canada's health burden in the future. Paediatricians and health care professionals can play a key role in helping teens make informed decisions related to tobacco consumption and cessation. This practice point presents the evidence and rationales for smoking cessation interventions which have been studied in youth specifically, such as individual counselling, psychological support, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline. Interventions for which limited or conflicting data exist are also discussed.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Harvey,J., Chadi,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4934162
Editors
|
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| Comparative Evaluation of the Etching Pattern of Er,Cr:YSGG & Acid Etching on Extracted Human Teeth-An ESEM Analysis | 2016 | Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Patna, Bihar, India .; Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital , Kolkata, West Benga | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Clin.Diagn.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
10
Issue
5
Start Page
ZC01
Other Pages
5
Notes
LR: 20160722; JID: 101488993; OID: NLM: PMC4948513; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/02/23 [received]; 2016/03/16 [accepted]; 2016/05/01 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
2249-782X; 0973-709X
Accession Number
PMID: 27437337
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.7860/JCDR/2016/19739.7705 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27437337
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Etching of enamel and dentin surfaces increases the surface area of the substrate for better bonding of the tooth colored restorative materials. Acid etching is the most commonly used method. Recently, hard tissue lasers have been used for this purpose. AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the etching pattern of Er,Cr:YSGG and conventional etching on extracted human enamel and dentin specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 40 extracted non-diseased teeth were selected, 20 anterior and 20 posterior teeth each for enamel and dentin specimens respectively. The sectioned samples were polished by 400 grit Silicon Carbide (SiC) paper to a thickness of 1.0 +/- 0.5 mm. The enamel and dentin specimens were grouped as: GrE1 & GrD1 as control specimens, GrE2 & GrD2 were acid etched and GrE3 & GrD3 were lased. Acid etching was done using Conditioner 36 (37 % phosphoric acid) according to manufacturer instructions. Laser etching was done using Er,Cr:YSGG (Erbium, Chromium : Ytrium Scandium Gallium Garnet) at power settings of 3W, air 70% and water 20%. After surface treatment with assigned agents the specimens were analyzed under ESEM (Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope) at X1000 and X5000 magnification. RESULTS: Chi Square and Student "t" statistical analysis was used to compare smear layer removal and etching patterns between GrE2-GrE3. GrD2 and GrD3 were compared for smear layer removal and diameter of dentinal tubule opening using the same statistical analysis. Chi-square test for removal of smear layer in any of the treated surfaces i.e., GrE2-E3 and GrD2-D3 did not differ significantly (p>0.05). While GrE2 showed predominantly type I etching pattern (Chi-square=2.78, 0.050.10) and GrE3 showed type III etching (Chi-square=4.50, p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Issar,R., Mazumdar,D., Ranjan,S., Krishna,N.K., Kole,R., Singh,P., Lakiang,D., Jayam,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160501
PMCID
PMC4948513
Editors
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