WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Assessment of genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking using 8-OHdG biomarker	2015	Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan azabmohd@yahoo.com.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Genetics and molecular research : GMR Periodical, Abbrev. Genet.Mol.Res. Pub Date Free Form 14-Aug Volume 14 Issue 3 Start Page 9555 Other Pages 9561 Notes JID: 101169387; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Mutagens); 88847-89-6 (8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine); G9481N71RO (Deoxyguanosine); epublish Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 1676-5680; 1676-5680 Accession Number PMID: 26345888 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.4238/2015.August.14.18 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26345888 Abstract Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity, particularly among young adults. This popularity is related to the lack knowledge regarding the health effects of waterpipe smoking. In this study, we examined the genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking using an 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay. Genotoxicity was evaluated in the saliva, urine, and serum of 66 waterpipe adult smokers and 46 healthy nonsmokers. The level of addiction to waterpipe smoking was evaluated using the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11. Levels of 8-OHdG in the samples were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Levels of 8-OHdG in the saliva (52,430 +/- 2923 vs 48,430 +/- 4189 pg/mL), urine (2815 +/- 312 vs 2608 +/- 180 pg/mL), and serum (19,720 +/- 202 vs 19,670 +/- 254 pg/mL) were similar between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers (P > 0.05). In addition, no correlations were found between dependence score and levels of 8-OHdG in all sample types. In conclusion, 8-OHdG is not a good biomarker for genotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Azab,M., Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Mahmoud,S.A., Anabtawi,M., Quttina,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150814 PMCID Editors
Geographic Proximity of Waterpipe Smoking Establishments to Colleges in the U.S	2016	Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.; Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florid	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 50 Issue 1 Start Page e9 Other Pages e14 Notes LR: 20160406; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS721380; OID: NLM: NIHMS721380 [Available on 01/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4821570 [Available on 01/01/17]; PMCR: 2017/01/01 00:00; 2015/03/26 [received]; 20 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 26346294 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26346294 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is prevalent among college students in the U.S. and increasing in popularity. Waterpipe smoking establishments are almost completely unregulated, and limited information exists documenting the expansion of this industry. The objective of this study was to identify U.S.-based waterpipe establishments and measure their proximity to colleges/universities. METHODS: Waterpipe establishments and their addresses were compiled using five Internet-based directories during 2014 and analyzed in 2015. Addresses were geocoded and overlaid on a U.S. map of accredited colleges/universities. Proximity of colleges/universities to the nearest waterpipe establishment was measured in 3-mile increments. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the factors associated with proximity of waterpipe establishments to colleges/universities. RESULTS: A total of 1,690 waterpipe establishments and 1,454 colleges/universities were included in the study. Overall, 554 colleges/universities (38.1%) were within 3 miles of a waterpipe establishment. Proximity of waterpipe establishments to colleges/universities was associated with higher full-time student enrollment. Public colleges/universities and those with a smoke-free campus policy were at lower odds of having waterpipe establishments within 3 miles of their campuses. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking establishments are more likely to be located near large colleges/universities. This study should inform initiatives aimed at reducing retail tobacco establishment exemptions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Kates,F.R., Salloum,R.G., Thrasher,J.F., Islam,F., Fleischer,N.L., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150904 PMCID PMC4821570 Editors
Waterpipe tobacco smoking impact on public health: implications for policy	2015	Public Health Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Kennedy Boulevard, Tampa, FL, USA.; College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University: Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.; Department of Health - Palm	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Risk management and healthcare policy Periodical, Abbrev. Risk Manag.Healthc.Policy. Pub Date Free Form 27-Aug Volume 8 Issue Start Page 121 Other Pages 129 Notes LR: 20150910; JID: 101566264; OID: NLM: PMC4556249; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/08/27 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1179-1594; 1179-1594 Accession Number PMID: 26346473 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review DOI 10.2147/RMHP.S68267 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26346473 Abstract BACKGROUND: Given the increasing evidence of its negative health effects, including contributions to both infectious and chronic diseases, waterpipe tobacco smoking raises public health concerns beyond even those presented by traditional smoking. METHODS: Identification of Clean Indoor Air Acts (CIAAs) from each of the 50 United States and District of Columbia were retrieved and examined for inclusion of regulatory measures where waterpipe tobacco smoking is concerned. Several instances of exemption to current CIAAs policies were identified. The cumulative policy lens is presented in this study. RESULTS: States vary in their inclusion of explicit wording regarding CIAAs to the point where waterpipe tobacco smoking, unlike traditional smoking products, is excluded from some legislation, thereby limiting authorities' ability to carry out enforcement. CONCLUSION: Consistent, comprehensive, and unambiguous legislative language is necessary to prevent establishments where waterpipe tobacco smoking occurs from skirting legislation and other forms of regulatory control. Stricter laws are needed due to the increasing negative health impact on both the smoker and the bystander. Actions at both the federal and state levels may be needed to control health risks, particularly among youth and young adult populations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Martinasek,M.P., Gibson-Young,L.M., Davis,J.N., McDermott,R.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150827 PMCID PMC4556249 Editors
Eliciting preferences for waterpipe tobacco smoking using a discrete choice experiment: implications for product regulation	2015	Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International Univers	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMJ open Periodical, Abbrev. BMJ Open Pub Date Free Form 9-Sep Volume 5 Issue 9 Start Page e009497 Other Pages 2015-009497 Notes LR: 20160413; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2044-6055; 2044-6055 Accession Number PMID: 26353876 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009497 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26353876 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Waterpipe smoking is highly prevalent among university students, and has been increasing in popularity despite mounting evidence showing it is harmful to health. The aim of this study was to measure preferences for waterpipe smoking and determine which product characteristics are most important to smokers. SETTING: A large university in the Southeastern USA. PARTICIPANTS: Adult waterpipe smokers attending the university (N=367). DESIGN: Participants completed an Internet-based discrete choice experiment to reveal their preferences for, and trade-offs between, the attributes of hypothetical waterpipe smoking sessions. Participants were presented with waterpipe lounge menus, each with three fruit-flavoured options and one tobacco flavoured option, in addition to an opt out option. Nicotine content and price were provided for each choice. Participants were randomised to either receive menus with a text-only health-warning message or no message. OUTCOME MEASURES: Multinomial and nested logit models were used to estimate the impact on consumer choice of attributes and between-subject assignment of health warnings respectively. RESULTS: On average, participants preferred fruit-flavoured varieties to tobacco flavour. They were averse to options labelled with higher nicotine content. Females and non-smokers of cigarettes were more likely than their counterparts to prefer flavoured and nicotine-free varieties. Participants exposed to a health warning were more likely to opt out. CONCLUSIONS: Fruit-flavoured tobacco and lower nicotine content labels, two strategies widely used by the industry, increase the demand for waterpipe smoking among young adults. Waterpipe-specific regulation should limit the availability of flavoured waterpipe tobacco and require accurate labelling of constituents. Waterpipe-specific tobacco control regulation, along with research to inform policy, is required to curb this emerging public health threat. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Salloum,R.G., Maziak,W., Hammond,D., Nakkash,R., Islam,F., Cheng,X., Thrasher,J.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150909 PMCID PMC4567671 Editors
Determinants of waterpipe use amongst adolescents in Northern Sweden: a survey of use pattern, risk perception, and environmental factors	2015	Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. rathi.ramji@pubcare.uu.se.; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. judy.arnetz@hc.msu.edu.; Department of Family Medicine,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC research notes Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Res.Notes Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 8 Issue Start Page 441 Other Pages 015-1413-4 Notes LR: 20150918; JID: 101462768; OID: NLM: PMC4570251; 2014/10/07 [received]; 2015/09/07 [accepted]; 2015/09/15 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-0500; 1756-0500 Accession Number PMID: 26374502 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s13104-015-1413-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26374502 Abstract BACKGROUND: Determinants of waterpipe use in adolescents are believed to differ from those for other tobacco products, but there is a lack of studies of possible social, cultural, or psychological aspects of waterpipe use in this population. This study applied a socioecological model to explore waterpipe use, and its relationship to other tobacco use in Swedish adolescents. METHODS: A total of 106 adolescents who attended an urban high-school in northern Sweden responded to an anonymous questionnaire. Prevalence rates for waterpipe use were examined in relation to socio-demographics, peer pressure, sensation seeking behavior, harm perception, environmental factors, and depression. RESULTS: Thirty-three percent reported ever having smoked waterpipe (ever use), with 30% having done so during the last 30 days (current use). Among waterpipe ever users, 60% had ever smoked cigarettes in comparison to 32% of non-waterpipe smokers (95% confidence interval 1.4-7.9). The odds of having ever smoked waterpipe were three times higher among male high school seniors as well as students with lower grades. Waterpipe ever users had three times higher odds of having higher levels of sensation-seeking (95% confidence interval 1.2-9.5) and scored high on the depression scales (95% confidence interval 1.6-6.8) than non-users. The odds of waterpipe ever use were four times higher for those who perceived waterpipe products to have pleasant smell compared to cigarettes (95% confidence interval 1.7-9.8). Waterpipe ever users were twice as likely to have seen waterpipe use on television compared to non-users (95% confidence interval 1.1-5.7). The odds of having friends who smoked regularly was eight times higher for waterpipe ever users than non-users (95% confidence interval 2.1-31.2). CONCLUSION: The current study reports a high use of waterpipe in a select group of students in northern Sweden. The study adds the importance of looking at socioecological determinants of use, including peer pressure and exposure to media marketing, as well as mental health among users. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ramji,R., Arnetz,J., Nilsson,M., Jamil,H., Norstrom,F., Maziak,W., Wiklund,Y., Arnetz,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150915 PMCID PMC4570251 Editors
Validation of the Waterpipe Tolerance Questionnaire Among Jordanian School-Going Adolescent Waterpipe Users	2015	The Hashemite University. sukaina-alzyoud@hu.edu.jo.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Global journal of health science Periodical, Abbrev. Glob.J.Health.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 25-Jun Volume 8 Issue 2 Start Page 198 Other Pages 208 Notes LR: 20160819; JID: 101519495; OID: NLM: PMC4804001; 2015/02/26 [received]; 2015/03/17 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1916-9736; 1916-9736 Accession Number PMID: 26383198 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM DOI 10.5539/gjhs.v8n2p198 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26383198 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe use among adolescents has been increasing progressively. Yet no studies were reported to assess the validity and reliability of nicotine dependence scale. The current study aims to assess the validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the modified Waterpipe Tolerance Questionnaire WTQ among school-going adolescent waterpipe users. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study conducted in Jordan, information on waterpipe use among 333 school-going adolescents aged 11-18 years was obtained using the Arabic version of the WTQ. An exploratory factor analysis and correlation matrices were conducted to assess validity and reliability of the WTQ. RESULTS: The WTQ had a 0.73 alpha of internal consistency indicating moderate level of reliability. The scale showed multidimensionality with items loading on two factors, namely waterpipe consumption and morning smoking. CONCLUSION: This study report nicotine dependence level among school-going adolescents who identify themselves as waterpipe users using the WTQ. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alzyoud,S., Veeranki,S.P., Kheirallah,K.A., Shotar,A.M., Pbert,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150625 PMCID PMC4804001 Editors
Sustained Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Trends Over Time	2015	Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Ad	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 49 Issue 6 Start Page 859 Other Pages 867 Notes LR: 20160311; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA001411/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA001411/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS764052; Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 26385163 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.030 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26385163 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Use of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is now prevalent among U.S. adolescents. However, the more clinically relevant questions are whether users exhibit sustained patterns of use and whether use is increasing over time relative to other tobacco products. We aimed to examine factors associated with sustained WTS among U.S. adolescents and to compare prevalence trends between WTS and other tobacco products. METHODS: The Monitoring the Future project began assessing WTS among 12th-grade students in 2010. In 2014, we conducted multivariable regression analyses to examine correlates of sustained WTS, which we defined as use at least six times in the past 12 months. We used trend analysis to compare use of WTS and other types of tobacco. RESULTS: Of the 8,737 participants queried from 2010 to 2013, 18.8% (1,639) reported past-year WTS, whereas 7.2% (627) reported sustained use. Sustained WTS was inversely associated with female sex (versus male, OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.63, 0.96); African American race (versus Caucasian, OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.14, 0.48); and increased number of parents in the home (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Primack,B.A., Freedman-Doan,P., Sidani,J.E., Rosen,D., Shensa,A., James,A.E., Wallace,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150915 PMCID PMC4780332 Editors
Association between tobacco waterpipe smoking and head and neck conditions: A systematic review	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Dent.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 146 Issue 10 Start Page 760 Other Pages 766 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7503060; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/29 [received]; 2015/04/13 [revised]; 2015/04/14 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1943-4723; 0002-8177 Accession Number PMID: 26409986 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; D; IM DOI 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.04.014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26409986 Abstract BACKGROUND: With the growing popularity of waterpipe smoking (WPS), it is important to understand how WPS may impact health. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify potential health effects of WPS, specifically on the head and neck region. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors systematically reviewed published articles that focused on WPS and head and neck conditions identified from the following databases: PubMed and MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar. RESULTS: The authors included 20 articles in the review. Ten of the articles pertained to oral tissue outcomes, 7 to head and neck cancer, and 3 to the voice and middle ear. The authors found that WPS was associated with greater inflammation, Candida, periodontitis, dry socket, blood chromium and nickel levels, premalignant lesions, oral cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, attic retraction, edema in the vocal cords, and lower habitual vocal pitch and voice turbulence index. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: WPS is associated with various head and neck conditions. Educational and policy approaches may be required to limit the spread of WPS and its potentially deleterious effects. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved Data Source Authors Munshi,T., Heckman,C.J., Darlow,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Behavioral associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence among US young adults	2016	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 111 Issue 2 Start Page 351 Other Pages 359 Notes LR: 20160117; CI: (c) 2015; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9304118; CIN: Addiction. 2016 May;111(5):937-8. PMID: 26987303; CIN: Addiction. 2016 May;111(5):936. PMID: 26841019; NIHMS722601 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 26417942 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/add.13163 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26417942 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is increasingly prevalent in the United States, especially among young adults. We aimed to (1) adapt items from established dependence measures into a WTS dependence scale for US young adults (the US Waterpipe Dependence Scale), (2) determine the factor structure of the items and (3) assess associations between scale values and behavioral use characteristics known to be linked to dependence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 436 past-year waterpipe tobacco users ages 18-30 years selected at random from a national probability-based panel. MEASUREMENTS: Participants responded to six tobacco dependence items adapted for WTS in US populations. Behavioral use characteristics included factors such as frequency of use and age of initiation. FINDINGS: Principal components analysis yielded an unambiguous one-factor solution. Approximately half (52.9%) of past-year waterpipe tobacco users received a score of 0, indicating that none of the six WTS dependence items were endorsed. Approximately one-quarter (25.4%) endorsed one dependence item and 22.7% endorsed two or more items. Higher WTS dependence scores were associated significantly with all five behavioral use characteristics. For example, compared with those who endorsed no dependence items, those who endorsed two or more had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.90 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-9.78] for having had earlier age of initiation and an AOR of 32.75 (95% CI = 9.76-109.86) for more frequent WTS sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Scores on a six-item waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence scale (the US Waterpipe Dependence Scale) correlate with measures that would be expected to be related to dependence, such as amount used and age of initiation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Sidani,J.E., Shensa,A., Shiffman,S., Switzer,G.E., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151029 PMCID PMC4715762 Editors
Changes in the expression and protein level of matrix metalloproteinases after exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke	2015	a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences .; b Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan .; a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences .; b Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Jordan University of Scie	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 27 Issue 13 Start Page 689 Other Pages 693 Notes LR: 20160603; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8910739; NIHMS787818; OID: NLM: NIHMS787818 [Available on 10/20/16]; OID: NLM: PMC4890709 [Available on 10/20/16]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2016/10 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 26484568 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.3109/08958378.2015.1085471 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26484568 Abstract Waterpipe smoking has become a worldwide epidemic with health consequences that only now are beginning to be understood fully. Because waterpipe use involves inhaling a large volume of toxicant-laden smoke that can cause inflammation, some health consequences may include inflammation-mediated lung injury. Excess matrix metalloproteinase expression is a key step in the etiology of toxicant exposure-driven inflammation and injury. In this study, changes in the level and mRNA of major matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -9, and -12) in the lungs of mice following exposure to waterpipe smoke were investigated. Balb/c mice were exposed to waterpipe smoke for one hour daily, over a period of 2 or 8 weeks. Control mice were exposed to fresh air only. ELISA and real-time PCR techniques were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels of MMP-1, -9, and -12 in the lungs. Our findings showed that MMP-1, -9, and -12 levels in the lung significantly increased after both 2 (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Abu Thiab,T.M., Al-Husein,B.A., Eissenberg,T., Shihadeh,A.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151020 PMCID PMC4890709 Editors

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