Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison of toxicant load from waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among young adults in the USA | 2018 | Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of (TRUNCATED | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
16-May
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20180518; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/12/23 00:00 [received]; 2018/03/08 00:00 [revised]; 2018/03/21 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/05/19 06:00 [entr
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 29773707
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
tobaccocontrol-2017-054226 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
29773707
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To form population-level comparisons of total smoke volume, tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine consumed from waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and cigarette smoking using data from a nationally representative sample of smokers and non-smokers aged 18-30 years. METHODS: In March and April 2013, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3254 US young adults to assess the frequency and volume of WTS and cigarette smoking. We used Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 repetitions to estimate the proportions of toxicants originating from WTS and cigarette smoking. Analyses incorporated survey weights and used recent meta-analytic data to estimate toxicant exposures associated with WTS and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Compared with the additive estimates of WTS and cigarette smoking combined, 54.9% (95% CI 37.5% to 72.2%) of smoke volume was attributed to WTS. The proportions of tar attributable to WTS was 20.8% (95% CI 6.5% to 35.2%), carbon monoxide 10.3% (95% CI 3.3% to 17.3%) and nicotine 2.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: WTS accounted for over half of the tobacco smoke volume consumed among young US adult waterpipe and cigarette smokers. Toxicant exposures to tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine were lower, but still substantial, for WTS alone compared with WTS and cigarette smoking. Public health and policy interventions to reduce harm from tobacco smoking in young US adults should explicitly address WTS toxicant exposures.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Primack,B.A., Shensa,A., Sidani,J.E., Tulikangas,M.C., Roberts,M.S., Colditz,J.B., Mor,M.K., James,A.E., Fine,M.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20180516
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of toxicant load from waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among young adults in the USA | 2018 | Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of (TRUNCATED | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
16-May
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20180518; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/12/23 00:00 [received]; 2018/03/08 00:00 [revised]; 2018/03/21 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/05/19 06:00 [entr
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 29773707
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
tobaccocontrol-2017-054226 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
29773707
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To form population-level comparisons of total smoke volume, tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine consumed from waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and cigarette smoking using data from a nationally representative sample of smokers and non-smokers aged 18-30 years. METHODS: In March and April 2013, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3254 US young adults to assess the frequency and volume of WTS and cigarette smoking. We used Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 repetitions to estimate the proportions of toxicants originating from WTS and cigarette smoking. Analyses incorporated survey weights and used recent meta-analytic data to estimate toxicant exposures associated with WTS and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Compared with the additive estimates of WTS and cigarette smoking combined, 54.9% (95% CI 37.5% to 72.2%) of smoke volume was attributed to WTS. The proportions of tar attributable to WTS was 20.8% (95% CI 6.5% to 35.2%), carbon monoxide 10.3% (95% CI 3.3% to 17.3%) and nicotine 2.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: WTS accounted for over half of the tobacco smoke volume consumed among young US adult waterpipe and cigarette smokers. Toxicant exposures to tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine were lower, but still substantial, for WTS alone compared with WTS and cigarette smoking. Public health and policy interventions to reduce harm from tobacco smoking in young US adults should explicitly address WTS toxicant exposures.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Primack,B.A., Shensa,A., Sidani,J.E., Tulikangas,M.C., Roberts,M.S., Colditz,J.B., Mor,M.K., James,A.E., Fine,M.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20180516
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Sustained Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Trends Over Time | 2015 | Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Ad | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
49
Issue
6
Start Page
859
Other Pages
867
Notes
LR: 20160311; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA001411/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA001411/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS764052;
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-2607; 0749-3797
Accession Number
PMID: 26385163
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.030 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26385163
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Use of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is now prevalent among U.S. adolescents. However, the more clinically relevant questions are whether users exhibit sustained patterns of use and whether use is increasing over time relative to other tobacco products. We aimed to examine factors associated with sustained WTS among U.S. adolescents and to compare prevalence trends between WTS and other tobacco products. METHODS: The Monitoring the Future project began assessing WTS among 12th-grade students in 2010. In 2014, we conducted multivariable regression analyses to examine correlates of sustained WTS, which we defined as use at least six times in the past 12 months. We used trend analysis to compare use of WTS and other types of tobacco. RESULTS: Of the 8,737 participants queried from 2010 to 2013, 18.8% (1,639) reported past-year WTS, whereas 7.2% (627) reported sustained use. Sustained WTS was inversely associated with female sex (versus male, OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.63, 0.96); African American race (versus Caucasian, OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.14, 0.48); and increased number of parents in the home (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Primack,B.A., Freedman-Doan,P., Sidani,J.E., Rosen,D., Shensa,A., James,A.E., Wallace,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150915
PMCID
PMC4780332
Editors
|
|||
| Group Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Increases Smoke Toxicant Concentration | 2016 | Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Mechanic | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
18
Issue
5
Start Page
770
Other Pages
776
Notes
LR: 20160701; CI: (c) The Author 2015; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 2015/07/24 [re
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 26659913
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntv271 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26659913
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is a global health concern. Laboratory research has focused on individual waterpipe users while group use is common. This study examined user toxicant exposure and smoke toxicant yield associated with individual and group waterpipe smoking. METHODS: Twenty-two pairs of waterpipe smokers used a waterpipe individually and as a dyad. Before and after smoking, blood was sampled and expired carbon monoxide (CO) measured; puff topography was recorded throughout. One participant from each pair was selected randomly and their plasma nicotine and expired air CO concentrations were compared when smoking alone to when smoking as part of a dyad. Recorded puff topography was used to machine-produce smoke that was analyzed for toxicant content. RESULTS: There was no difference in mean plasma nicotine concentration when an individual smoked as part of a dyad (mean = 14.9 ng/ml; standard error of the mean [SEM] = 3.0) compared to when smoking alone (mean = 10.0 ng/ml; SEM = 1.5). An individual smoking as part of as a dyad had, on average, lower CO (mean = 15.8 ppm; SEM = 2.0) compared to when smoking alone (mean= 21.3 ppm; SEM = 2.7). When two participants smoked as a dyad they took, on average, more puffs (mean = 109.8; SEM = 7.6) than a singleton smoker (mean = 77.7; SEM = 8.1) and a shorter interpuff interval (IPI; dyad mean = 23.8 seconds; SEM = 1.9; singleton mean = 40.8 seconds; SEM = 4.8). Higher concentrations of several toxicants were observed in dyad-produced smoke. DISCUSSION: Dyad smoking may increase smoke toxicant content, likely due to the dyad's shorter IPIs and greater puff number. More work is needed to understand if group waterpipe smoking alters the health risks of waterpipe tobacco smoking. IMPLICATIONS: This study is the first to measure toxicants in smoke generated from a waterpipe when used by a dyad. Relative to smoke generated by a singleton, dyad smoke had higher concentration of some toxicants. These differences may be attributed to differences in puffing behavior, specifically the shorter IPI and greater puff number observed in the dyad condition. Relative to singleton smokers, dyad smokers were exposed to less CO, but nicotine exposure did not differ. More work is needed to assess the health effects of inhalation of more toxicant-laden smoke during group waterpipe use.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Ramoa,C.P., Shihadeh,A., Salman,R., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151211
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe use among high school students in Ontario: Demographic and substance use correlates | 2015 | Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. hayley.hamilton@camh.ca. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique
Periodical, Abbrev.
Can.J.Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
12-Mar
Volume
106
Issue
3
Start Page
e121
Other Pages
6
Notes
JID: 0372714; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/29 [received]; 2015/01/24 [accepted]; 2015/03/13 [revised]; epublish
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1920-7476; 0008-4263
Accession Number
PMID: 26125237
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.17269/cjph.106.4764 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26125237
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine waterpipe use and its association with demographic factors, tobacco cigarette smoking, ever use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and alcohol use among high school students. METHODS: Data were derived from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a school-based survey of 7th to 12th grade students. This province-wide survey was based on a stratified two-stage cluster design. Analyses were based on a subsample of 2,873 high school students and included adjustments for the complex sample design. RESULTS: Overall, 12.5% of high school students (grades 9-12) had used a waterpipe in the previous year. Awareness of waterpipes was high - 68.4% of students reported that they were aware of waterpipes but had not used one in the past year; 19.1% had never heard of waterpipes or hookah. The percentage of high school students reporting waterpipe use in the past year was similar to reports of tobacco cigarette use (12.5% and 11% respectively). Waterpipe use was highly associated with past-year tobacco cigarette and regular alcohol use as well as ever use of e-cigarettes. In multivariate analyses, males and females had similar odds of waterpipe use, and non-White students and those in higher grades had greater odds of use after controlling for other substance use. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that waterpipe use among high school students should be of some concern and suggest the need for policy measures to address potential risks associated with use.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hamilton,H.A., Ferrence,R., Boak,A., O'Connor,S., Mann,R.E., Schwartz,R., Adlaf,E.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150312
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| A critique of the WHO TobReg's "Advisory Note" report entitled: "Waterpipe tobacco smoking: Health effects, research needs and recommended actions by regulators" | 2006 | Chaouachi, K., Department of Tobacco Control, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Negat.Results Biomed.
Pub Date Free Form
2006/11
Volume
5
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1477-5751; 1477-5751
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Background and aim: The World Health Organisation Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) has issued in 2005 an "Advisory Note" entitled: "Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Health Effects, Research Needs and Recommended Actions by Regulators". "Waterpipe" smoking is now considered a global public health threat and the corresponding artefact is actually known in the world under three main terms: hookah, narghile and shisha. This important report, the first ever prepared by WHO on the subject, poses two major problems. On one hand, its bibliographical references dismiss world chief relevant studies. On the other, it contains a certain number of errors of many orders: biomedical, sociological, anthropological and historical. The purpose of the present study is to highlight, one by one, where these weaknesses and errors lie and show how this official report can be considerably improved. Results: We realise that widely advertised early anthropological studies were not taken into consideration whereas they shed a substantial light on this peculiar form of smoking and help understanding its high complexity. As for concrete errors to be found in this report, they deal with the chemistry of smoke, health-related effects, smoking patterns, description and history of the artefact and its use, gender and underage use aspects, prevention and research needs in this field. Conclusion: The scientific credibility of an international expert report may be at stake if its recommendations do not rely on sound objective research findings and a comprehensive review of the existing literature. The critical comments in this study will certainly help improve the present WHO report. © 2006 Chaouachi; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Descriptors
nicotine, tar, analytical error, health hazard, human, infection, medical research, needs assessment, review, smoking, tobacco, world health organization
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Chaouachi,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
http://www.jnrbm.com/content/pdf/1477-5751-5-17.pdf
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Phenolic compounds in particles of mainstream waterpipe smoke | 2013 | Chemistry Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
15
Issue
6
Start Page
1107
Other Pages
1112
Notes
LR: 20150219; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Phenols); 0 (Smoke); OID: NLM: PMC3716329; 2012/11/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 23178319
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/nts255 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23178319
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking has in recent years become a popular international phenomenon, particularly among youth. While it has been shown to deliver significant quantities of several carcinogenic and toxic substances, phenols, an important class of chemical compounds thought to promote DNA mutation and cardiovascular diseases, however, has not been studied. Due to the relatively low temperature characteristic of waterpipe tobacco during smoking (i.e.,
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sepetdjian,E., Abdul Halim,R., Salman,R., Jaroudi,E., Shihadeh,A., Saliba,N.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20121122
PMCID
PMC3716329
Editors
|
|||
| Differing psychosocial risk profiles of college freshmen waterpipe, cigar, and cigarette smokers | 2008 | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Outcomes Research, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. smithsimone@email.chop.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
33
Issue
12
Start Page
1619
Other Pages
1624
Notes
JID: 7603486; 2008/03/04 [received]; 2008/07/09 [revised]; 2008/07/29 [accepted]; 2008/08/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 18783890
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.017 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18783890
Abstract
Few studies have examined the psychosocial aspects of tobacco smoking in young adults, particularly among alternative forms such as waterpipe. To address this gap, we examined the association of psychosocial characteristics (i.e., sociodemographics, risk perception, social norms, and pluralistic ignorance) with waterpipe, cigar, and cigarette smoking in college freshmen. Data are from a cross-sectional internet survey conducted during spring semester 2004 at Johns Hopkins University, N=411. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the association between psychosocial risk factors and waterpipe, cigar, and cigarette smoking. Results reveal that (1) psychosocial risk profiles of smokers differed by type of smoker and by type of tobacco product smoked, and (2) freshmen perceived the waterpipe as the most attractive product, out of the three products evaluated, to use among their peers. This study provides some of the first data on the association of psychosocial characteristics and various forms of tobacco smoking in young adults. This area of research is of increasing importance as a surge of waterpipe use among college students is becoming evident and interventions to reduce and prevent use are critically needed.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Regression Analysis, Smoking/prevention & control/psychology, Social Environment, Students/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects, Universities, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Smith-Simone,S. Y., Curbow,B. A., Stillman,F. A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080803
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe tobacco smoking | 2016 | Clinic of Chest Diseases, Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. hgunen@yahoo.com. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tuberkuloz ve toraks
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tuberk.Toraks
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
64
Issue
1
Start Page
94
Other Pages
96
Notes
LR: 20160608; JID: 0417364; ppublish
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0494-1373; 0494-1373
Accession Number
PMID: 27266294
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27266294
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Gunen,H., Tarraf,H., Nemati,A., Al Ghobain,M., Al Mutairi,S., Aoun Bacha,Z.
Original/Translated Title
Nargile kullanimi
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe dependence in university students and effect of normative beliefs: a cross-sectional study | 2014 | Clinical & Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMJ open
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMJ Open
Pub Date Free Form
14-Feb
Volume
4
Issue
2
Start Page
e004378
Other Pages
2013-004378
Notes
LR: 20160603; JID: 101552874; OID: NLM: PMC3927928; OTO: NOTNLM; GN: NLM: Original DateCompleted: 20140217; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2044-6055; 2044-6055
Accession Number
PMID: 24531452
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004378 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24531452
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to measure the correlates, including normative beliefs, associated with waterpipe (WP) and cigarette smoking prevalence and dependence. SETTING: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a proportionate cluster sample of Lebanese students in 17 public and private universities. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 4900 distributed questionnaires, 3384 (69.1%) were returned to the field worker. All available students during break times were approached, with no exclusion criteria. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: sociodemographic variables, detailed active and passive smoking, in addition to items of the tobacco dependence scales were all evaluated. RESULTS: Correlates to WP smoking were studying in a private university (adjusted OR, aOR=1.50 (1.26 to 1.79); p1; p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Salameh,P., Salame,J., Waked,M., Barbour,B., Zeidan,N., Baldi,I.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140214
PMCID
PMC3927928
Editors
|
|||