Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| A review of air quality, biological indicators and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke exposure | 2015 | New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.; New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.; Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, New York | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
24 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
i54
Other Pages
i59
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Particulate Matter);
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 25480544
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052038 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25480544
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There has been a rapid increase in the use of waterpipe tobacco and non-tobacco based shisha in many countries. Understanding the impact and effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) from cigarette was a crucial factor in reducing cigarette use, leading to clean indoor air laws and smoking bans. This article reviews what is known about the effects of SHS exposure from waterpipes. DATA SOURCES: We used PubMed and EMBASE to review the literature. Articles were grouped into quantitative measures of air quality and biological markers, health effects, exposure across different settings, different types of shisha and use in different countries. STUDY SELECTION: Criteria for study selection were based on the key words related to SHS: waterpipe, hookah, shisha and third-hand smoke. DATA EXTRACTION: Independent extraction with two reviewers was performed with inclusion criteria applied to articles on SHS and waterpipe/hookah/shisha. We excluded articles related to pregnancy or prenatal exposure to SHS, animal studies, and non-specific source of exposure as well as articles not written in English. DATA SYNTHESIS: A primary literature search yielded 54 articles, of which only 11 were included based on relevance to SHS from a waterpipe/hookah/shisha. CONCLUSIONS: The negative health consequences of second-hand waterpipe exposure have major implications for clean indoor air laws and for occupational safety. There exists an urgent need for public health campaigns about the effects on children and household members from smoking waterpipe at home, and for further development and implementation of regulations to protect the health of the public from this rapidly emerging threat.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kumar,S.R., Davies,S., Weitzman,M., Sherman,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141205
PMCID
PMC4345792
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe tobacco smoking: what is the evidence that it supports nicotine/tobacco dependence? | 2015 | Center for Clinical and Translational Research and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
24 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
i44
Other Pages
i53
Notes
LR: 20150618; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 25492935
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051910 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25492935
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) involves passing tobacco smoke through water prior to inhalation, and has spread worldwide. This spread becomes a public health concern if it is associated with tobacco-caused disease and if WTS supports tobacco/nicotine dependence. A growing literature demonstrates that WTS is associated with disability, disease and death. This narrative review examines if WTS supports nicotine/tobacco dependence, and is intended to help guide tobacco control efforts worldwide. DATA SOURCES: PUBMED search using: (("waterpipe" or "narghile" or "arghile" or "shisha" or "goza" or "narkeela" or "hookah" or "hubble bubble")) AND ("dependence" or "addiction"). STUDY SELECTION: Excluded were articles not in English, without original data, and that were not topic-related. Thirty-two articles were included with others identified by inspecting reference lists and other sources. DATA SYNTHESIS: WTS and the delivery of the dependence-producing drug nicotine were examined, and then the extent to which the articles addressed WTS-induced nicotine/dependence explicitly, as well as implicitly with reference to criteria for dependence outlined by the WHO. CONCLUSIONS: WTS supports nicotine/tobacco dependence because it is associated with nicotine delivery, and because some smokers experience withdrawal when they abstain from waterpipe, alter their behaviour in order to access a waterpipe and have difficulty quitting, even when motivated to do so. There is a strong need to support research investigating measurement of WTS-induced tobacco dependence, to inform the public of the risks of WTS, which include dependence, disability, disease and death, and to include WTS in the same public health policies that address tobacco cigarettes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Aboaziza,E., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141209
PMCID
PMC4345797
Editors
|
|||
| Assessing and Predicting Susceptibility to Waterpipe Tobacco Use Among College Students | 2015 | Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC; isaac.lipkus@duke.edu.; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC;; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC;; De | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
17
Issue
9
Start Page
1120
Other Pages
1125
Notes
LR: 20150826; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: R01 CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4542741 [Available on 09/01/16]; PMCR: 2016/09/01 00:00; 2014/06/30 [received]; 2014/12/15 [acce
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 25542922
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu336 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25542922
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: College youth susceptible to waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) represent an important target to intervene upon in order to prevent their uptake of this product. This study examined the performance of a 4-item susceptibility measure to WTS to predict future waterpipe use and correlates of susceptibility. METHODS: A cohort of college students from 11 university campuses in North Carolina and Virginia completed an online survey in 2012 and again in 2013 that assessed WTS susceptibility and subsequent waterpipe use. Tobacco use, marijuana use, binge drinking, and sensation seeking were also assessed. RESULTS: Overall, 964 students who reported having never used waterpipe tobacco in 2012 completed the online surveys both years. Overall, about 27% of college youth were susceptible to WTS each year. Participants susceptible in 2012 were 2.5 times more likely to report having used waterpipe tobacco the subsequent year than non-susceptible participants after controlling for significant correlates of waterpipe use. Correlates of susceptibility were: being male, past 30 day cigarette smoking, use of other tobacco products, binge drinking and marijuana use, as well as higher sensation seeking. CONCLUSIONS: A 4-item WTS susceptibility measure predicts future WTS. This measure can be used to identify and intervene upon susceptible college youth to curb further exploration of WTS. Indeed, a nontrivial proportion of college students found susceptible go on to use waterpipe tobacco within a year.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Lipkus,I.M., Reboussin,B.A., Wolfson,M., Sutfin,E.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141226
PMCID
PMC4542741
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe tobacco smoking may undermine the progress made in curbing cigarette smoking | 2014 | Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London W6 8RP, UK mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk.; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London W6 8RP, UK. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMJ
Pub Date Free Form
31-Dec
Volume
349
Issue
Start Page
g7761
Other Pages
Notes
JID: 8900488; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1756-1833; 0959-535X
Accession Number
PMID: 25552461
Language
eng
SubFile
Letter; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1136/bmj.g7761 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25552461
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Millett,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141231
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| The waterpipe: an emerging global epidemic in need of action | 2015 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
24 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
i1
Other Pages
i2
Notes
LR: 20150319; JID: 9209612; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC4345809; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/01/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 25618894
Language
eng
SubFile
Editorial; Introductory Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052203 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25618894
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ward,K.D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150124
PMCID
PMC4345809
Editors
|
|||
| The allure of the waterpipe: a narrative review of factors affecting the epidemic rise in waterpipe smoking among young persons globally | 2015 | Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.; School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.; Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.; Faculty of Health Scie | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
24 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
i13
Other Pages
i21
Notes
LR: 20150319; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC434597
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 25618895
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051906 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25618895
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the determinants of the epidemic rise in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) among youth globally. The Ecological Model of Health Promotion (EMHP) was the guiding framework for the review. DATA SOURCES: The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Search terms included waterpipe and its many variant terms. STUDY SELECTION: Articles were included if they were published between 1990 and 2014, were in English, were available in full text and included the age group 10-29 years. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles which analysed determinants of WTS at any of the levels of the EMHP were retained regardless of methodological rigour: 131 articles are included. Articles were coded in a standard template that abstracted methods as well as results. DATA SYNTHESIS: The review found that methodologies used to assess determinants of WTS among youth were often conventional and lacked rigor: 3/4 of the studies were cross-sectional surveys and most enrolled non-representative samples. Within the framework, the review identified determinants of WTS at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, community and policy levels. CONCLUSIONS: The review suggests potential interventions to control WTS among youth, with emphasis on creative utilisation of social media, and tobacco control policies that include the specificities of WTS. The review further suggests the need for rigorous qualitative work to better contextualise determinants, and prospective observational and experimental studies that track and manipulate them to assess their viability as intervention targets.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Akl,E.A., Ward,K.D., Bteddini,D., Khaliel,R., Alexander,A.C., Lotfi,T., Alaouie,H., Afifi,R.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150124
PMCID
PMC4345979
Editors
|
|||
| Health effects associated with waterpipe smoking | 2015 | Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.; Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Department | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
24 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
i31
Other Pages
i43
Notes
LR: 20150326; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC434579
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 25661414
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051908 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25661414
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: It is widely held that waterpipe smoking (WPS) is not associated with health hazards. However, several studies have documented the uptake of several toxicants and carcinogens during WPS that is strongly associated with harmful health effects. This paper reviews the literature on the health effects of WPS. DATA SOURCES: Three databases-PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE-were searched until August 2014 for the acute and long-term health effects of WPS using the terms 'waterpipe' and its synonyms (hookah, shisha, goza, narghileh, arghileh and hubble-bubble) in various spellings. STUDY SELECTION: We included original clinical studies, case reports and systematic reviews and focused on clinical human studies. approximately 10% of the identified studies met the selection criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted by all three authors and summarised into tables. Abstracted data included study type, results and methodological limitations and were analysed jointly by all three authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: WPS acutely leads to increased heart rate, blood pressure, impaired pulmonary function and carbon monoxide intoxication. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and coronary artery disease are serious complications of long-term use. Lung, gastric and oesophageal cancer are associated with WPS as well as periodontal disease, obstetrical complications, osteoporosis and mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to the widely held misconception, WPS is associated with a variety of adverse short-term and long-term health effects that should reinforce the need for stronger regulation. In addition, this review highlights the limitations of the published work, which is mostly cross-sectional or retrospective. Prospective studies should be undertaken to assess the full spectrum of health effects of WPS, particularly in view of its growing popularity and attractiveness to youth.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
El-Zaatari,Z.M., Chami,H.A., Zaatari,G.S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150206
PMCID
PMC4345795
Editors
|
|||
| The determinants of intention to smoke waterpipe among adolescents in Lebanon: a national household survey | 2016 | Ludwig Maximilian Universitat, Munchen, Germany.; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.; Department of Epidemiology and Populat | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of public health (Oxford, England)
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Public.Health.(Oxf)
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
38
Issue
1
Start Page
84
Other Pages
91
Notes
CI: (c) The Author 2015; JID: 101188638; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1741-3850; 1741-3842
Accession Number
PMID: 25665877
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/pubmed/fdv004 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25665877
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of waterpipe smoking (WPS) among adolescents has become eminent, and it is especially prevalent in Lebanon. Unlike cigarette smoking, WPS is parentally and socially acceptable. This study aims at examining the association between intention to smoke waterpipe in the next 6 months, and knowledge, attitudes and parental and social influences. METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis from a national survey in 2007 on 1028 households. This study addresses 258 non-smoking adolescents and their parents. Consent was sought and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the American University of Beirut. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. Descriptive analysis, crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were generated. RESULTS: At the bivariate level, late adolescence, mothers without university education, prior adolescents' WPS experiences, best friends' and parents' WPS habits and adolescents' and parents' lower attitude scores were associated with smoking intention. In the adjusted model, adolescents' beliefs about positive effects, best friends' similar habits and prior smoking remained significant (respective ORs [95% confidence interval ]: 1.81 [1.33-2.45], 2.51 [1.24-5.10], 4.91 [2.35-10.36]). Parents' perceived attitude against smoking was protective (OR: 0.57 [0.39-0.83]). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents' intention to smoke is highly influenced by parents' permissive attitudes and peer pressure. Interventions targeting these two groups and limiting access to smoking by adolescents should be instigated.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health
Data Source
Authors
Schroder,C., Chaaya,M., Saab,D., Mahfoud,Z.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150209
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe (shisha) smoking among adolescents in Germany: Results of the KiGGS study: first follow-up (KiGGS Wave 1) | 2015 | Abteilung fur Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland, b.kuntz@rki.de. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
Periodical, Abbrev.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
58
Issue
5-Apr
Start Page
467
Other Pages
473
Notes
LR: 20160707; JID: 101181368; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1437-1588; 1436-9990
Accession Number
PMID: 25665891
Language
ger
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00103-015-2128-3 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25665891
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At the beginning of the 21st century, waterpipe (shisha) smoking has become a new and global youth trend in tobacco consumption. Despite the fact that this type of tobacco use can also lead to serious health problems, there are only a few studies on this topic in Germany. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among 12- to 17-year-old adolescents. Age- and sex-related differences were analyzed and, for the first time in Germany, the association between parental socioeconomic status and waterpipe use was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the first follow-up of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 1), which was conducted from 2009 to 2012. Waterpipe smoking was assessed among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years using three items (n = 4,543). We calculated prevalence rates and age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of waterpipe use was 28.9 % (95 % CI: 26.9-31.0). Approximately one fifth (20.6 %; 95 % CI: 18.8-22.6) of the adolescents reported waterpipe use in the past 12 months, one tenth (10.0 %; 95 % CI: 8.6-11.6) reported current use (at least once during the past 30 days). In both sexes, prevalence increased with age. Waterpipe smoking rates were significantly higher among boys than girls, while no significant differences were found regarding parental socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable number of adolescents in Germany are at least occasional waterpipe (shisha) smokers. Because of waterpipe related health and addiction risks that are often underestimated by adolescents, specific health education and prevention measures are necessary.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kuntz,B., Lampert,T., KiGGS Study Group
Original/Translated Title
Wasserpfeifenkonsum (Shisha-Rauchen) bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland : Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie - Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1)
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Toxicant content, physical properties and biological activity of waterpipe tobacco smoke and its tobacco-free alternatives | 2015 | Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Department of Safety of Pesticides, German | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
24 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
i22
Other Pages
i30
Notes
LR: 20150319; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R0
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 25666550
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051907 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25666550
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Waterpipe smoking using sweetened, flavoured tobacco products has become a widespread global phenomenon. In this paper, we review chemical, physical and biological properties of waterpipe smoke. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed publications indexed in major databases between 1991 and 2014. Search keywords included a combination of: waterpipe, narghile, hookah, shisha along with names of chemical compounds and classes of compounds, in addition to terms commonly used in cellular biology and aerosol sizing. STUDY SELECTION: The search was limited to articles published in English which reported novel data on waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) toxicant content, biological activity or particle size and which met various criteria for analytical rigour including: method specificity and selectivity, precision, accuracy and recovery, linearity, range, and stability. DATA EXTRACTION: Multiple researchers reviewed the reports and collectively agreed on which data were pertinent for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS: Waterpipe smoke contains significant concentrations of toxicants thought to cause dependence, heart disease, lung disease and cancer in cigarette smokers, and includes 27 known or suspected carcinogens. Waterpipe smoke is a respirable aerosol that induces cellular responses associated with pulmonary and arterial diseases. Except nicotine, smoke generated using tobacco-free preparations marketed for 'health conscious' users contains the same or greater doses of toxicants, with the same cellular effects as conventional products. Toxicant yield data from the analytical laboratory are consistent with studies of exposure biomarkers in waterpipe users. CONCLUSIONS: A sufficient evidence base exists to support public health interventions that highlight the fact that WTS presents a serious inhalation hazard.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Shihadeh,A., Schubert,J., Klaiany,J., El Sabban,M., Luch,A., Saliba,N.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150209
PMCID
PMC4345918
Editors
|
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