Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Identification, characterization and antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates obtained from waterpipe device hoses | 2015 | Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. mmmasadeh@just.edu.jo.; Department of Biology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 22110, Jordan. Shussein5@yu.edu.jo.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jorda | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of environmental research and public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
13-May
Volume
12
Issue
5
Start Page
5108
Other Pages
5115
Notes
LR: 20150605; JID: 101238455; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); OID: NLM: PMC4454957; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/27 [received]; 2015/05/05 [revised]; 2015/05/08 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1660-4601; 1660-4601
Accession Number
PMID: 25985311
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.3390/ijerph120505108 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25985311
Abstract
The general lack of knowledge about the health effects of waterpipe smoking is among the reasons for its global spread. In this study, bacterial contamination of waterpipe hoses was investigated. Twenty hoses were collected from waterpipe cafes and screened for bacterial pathogens using standard culture and isolation techniques. Additionally, resistance of isolated bacteria to common antibiotics was determined by identifying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each isolate. Forty eight bacterial isolates were detected. Isolates included both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens from species that included Micrococcus (12), Corynebacterium (13) and Bacillus (9). In addition, some of the detected pathogens were found to be resistant to aztreonam (79%), cefixime (79%), norfloxacin, amoxicillin (47%), clarithromycin (46%) and enrofloxacin (38%). In conclusion, the hose of the waterpipe device is a good environment for the growth of bacterial pathogens, which can then be transmitted to users.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Masadeh,M.M., Hussein,E.I., Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O., Shakhatreh,M.A., Gharaibeh,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150513
PMCID
PMC4454957
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe tobacco products: nicotine labelling versus nicotine delivery | 2012 | Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980205, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. arvansickel@vcu.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
21
Issue
3
Start Page
377
Other Pages
379
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: R01 CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32DA007027-34/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID:
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 21636612
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1136/tc.2010.042416 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21636612
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco package labelling typically indicates "0.0% tar" and "0.05% or 0.5% nicotine". OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which nicotine labeling is related to nicotine delivery. METHODS: 110 waterpipe smokers engaged in a 45-minute waterpipe smoking session. Puff topography and plasma nicotine were measured. Three waterpipe tobacco brands were used: Nakhla (0.5% nicotine), Starbuzz (0.05% nicotine), and Al Fakher (0.05% nicotine). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Topography did not differ across brands. Peak plasma nicotine varied significantly across brands. Al Fakher had the highest nicotine delivery (11.4 ng/ml) followed by Nakhla (9.8 ng/ml) and Starbuzz (5.8 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine labelling on waterpipe tobacco products does not reflect delivery; smoking a brand with a "0.05% nicotine" label led to greater plasma nicotine levels than smoking a brand with a "0.5% nicotine" label. Waterpipe tobacco products should be labelled in a manner that does not mislead consumers.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Vansickel,A.R., Shihadeh,A., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110602
PMCID
PMC3739484
Editors
|
|||
| Effect of shisha (waterpipe) smoking on lung functions and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) among Saudi young adult shisha smokers | 2014 | Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461 Saudi Arabia. smeo@ksu.edu.sa.; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461 Saudi Arabia. K_a_Z_h@hotmail | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of environmental research and public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
17-Sep
Volume
11
Issue
9
Start Page
9638
Other Pages
9648
Notes
JID: 101238455; 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); OID: NLM: PMC4199040; 2014/06/15 [received]; 2014/09/02 [revised]; 2014/09/03 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1660-4601; 1660-4601
Accession Number
PMID: 25233010
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.3390/ijerph110909638 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25233010
Abstract
Shisha (waterpipe) smoking is becoming a more prevalent form of tobacco consumption, and is growing worldwide, particularly among the young generation in the Middle East. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the effects of shisha smoking on lung functions and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among Saudi young adults. We recruited 146 apparently healthy male subjects (73 control and 73 shisha smokers). The exposed group consisted of male shisha smokers, with mean age 21.54 +/- 0.41 (mean +/- SEM) range 17-33 years. The control group consisted of similar number (73) of non-smokers with mean age 21.36 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SEM) range 18-28 years. Between the groups we considered the factors like age, height, weight, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status to estimate the impact of shisha smoking on lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Lung function test was performed by using an Spirovit-SP-1 Electronic Spirometer. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) was measured by using Niox Mino. A significant decrease in lung function parameters FEV1, FEV1/FVC Ratio, FEF-25%, FEF-50%, FEF-75% and FEF-75-85% was found among shisha smokers relative to their control group. There was also a significant reduction in the Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide among Shisha smokers compared to control group.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Meo,S.A., AlShehri,K.A., AlHarbi,B.B., Barayyan,O.R., Bawazir,A.S., Alanazi,O.A., Al-Zuhair,A.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140917
PMCID
PMC4199040
Editors
|
|||
| Health care providers' adherence to tobacco treatment for waterpipe, cigarette and dual users in Vietnam | 2016 | Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: donna.shelley@nyumc.org.; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Institute of Social and | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
10-Aug
Volume
64
Issue
Start Page
49
Other Pages
53
Notes
LR: 20160820; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/03/18 [received]; 2016/08/07 [revised]; 2016/08/09 [accepted]; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 27543834
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
S0306-4603(16)30281-7 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27543834
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Almost half of adult men in Vietnam are current cigarette smokers. Recent surveys also suggest a high prevalence of water pipe use, particularly in rural areas. Yet services to treat tobacco dependence are not readily available. The purpose of this study was to characterize current tobacco use treatment patterns among Vietnamese health care providers and factors influencing adherence to recommended guidelines for tobacco use screening and cessation interventions for water pipe, cigarette and dual users. METHODS: We conducted cross sectional surveys of 929 male current tobacco users immediately after they completed a primary care visit at one of 18 community health centers. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of smokers used cigarettes only, 24% water pipe only, and 42% were dual users. Overall 12% of patients reported that a provider asked them if they used tobacco products during the visit. Providers were significantly more likely to screen cigarette smokers compared with water pipe or dual users (16%, 9% and 11% respectively). Similarly, 9% of current cigarette smokers received advice to quit compared to 6% of water pipe and 5% of dual users. No patients reported that their health care provider offered them assistance to quit (e.g., self-help materials, referral). CONCLUSION: Despite ratifying the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Vietnam has not made progress in implementing policies and systems to ensure smokers are receiving evidence-based treatment. High rates of water pipe and dual use indicate a need for health care provider training and policy changes to facilitate treatment for both cigarette and water pipe use.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Data Source
Authors
Shelley,D., Kumar,P., Lee,L., Nguyen,L., Nguyen,T.T., VanDevanter,N., Cleland,C.M., Nguyen,N.T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160810
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe Use and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking Among Never-Smoking Youth | 2015 | Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Electronic address: spveeran@utmb.edu.; Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.; Depa | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
49
Issue
4
Start Page
502
Other Pages
511
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8704773; 2014/08/23 [received]; 2015/03/23 [revised]; 2015/03/23 [accepted]; 2015/07/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-2607; 0749-3797
Accession Number
PMID: 26143951
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.035 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26143951
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Susceptibility to cigarette smoking, defined as the lack of a firm decision against smoking, is a strong predictor of regular smoking and addiction. Several modifiable risk factors have been identified among never cigarette smokers, and one potential factor of interest is waterpipe use. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of waterpipe use with susceptibility to cigarette smoking among never-smoking youth. METHODS: In a pooled analysis of 17 Arab nations with nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted during 2002-2011, tobacco-related information was obtained from 30,711 never-smoking adolescents representing 4,962,872 youth. Study outcome was susceptibility to cigarette smoking, and primary exposure was waterpipe use. Data were analyzed in 2014 using weighted logistic regression models, including stratified models by gender, to determine the odds of susceptibility to cigarette smoking with waterpipe use, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Overall, 20% of never-smoking youth were susceptible to cigarette smoking, ranging from 13.1% in Oman to 32.6% in Somalia; 5.2% currently used waterpipe, ranging from 0.3% in Morocco to 23.5% in Kuwait. The estimated odds of susceptibility to cigarette smoking were 2.5 (95% CI=1.9, 3.4) times higher for adolescents who used waterpipe in the past month compared with those who did not, controlling for confounders. Estimates were similar when stratified by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe use is associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking. Study findings identify a novel risk factor for never smokers to initiate smoking and will help the public health community develop and implement policies around waterpipe use prevention.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Veeranki,S.P., Alzyoud,S., Kheirallah,K.A., Pbert,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150703
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe smoking in students: prevalence, risk factors, symptoms of addiction, and smoke intake. Evidence from one British university | 2008 | Department of Primary Care & General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. DHJ242@adf.bham.ac.uk | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
22-May
Volume
8
Issue
Start Page
174
Other Pages
2458-8-174
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC2413225; 2007/11/22 [received]; 2008/05/22 [accepted]; 2008/05/22 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 18498653
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-8-174 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18498653
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anecdotal reports suggest waterpipe smoking is becoming common in students in western countries. The aim was to examine prevalence, risk factors, symptoms of addiction, and smoke intake. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of students with subsidiary survey of regular waterpipe user and survey of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) before and after waterpipe smoking in customers of a waterpipe cafe. 937 students of Birmingham University completed the initial survey with a follow up of 21 regular waterpipe smokers. 63 customers of a waterpipe cafe near the University completed the study of CO intake. RESULTS: 355 (37.9%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 34.8 to 41.1%) students had tried waterpipes, the prevalence of trying rising with duration at University. 75 (8.0%, 95%CI 6.4 to 10.0%) were regular smokers, similar to the prevalence of cigarette smoking (9.4%). Although cigarette smoking was the major risk factor for being a regular waterpipe smoker, odds ratio (95%CI) 2.77 (1.52 to 5.06), 65% of waterpipe smokers did not smoke cigarettes. Seven of 21 (33.3%) regular waterpipe smokers experienced cravings. Nearly all regular waterpipe users thought it less harmful than smoking cigarettes. The mean (standard deviation) rise in CO was 37.4 (25.8)ppm, nearly twice as high as a typical cigarette smoker seeking cessation treatment. CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking is a common part of student culture in one British university, as in the Middle East and in the United States. It poses a potential threat to public health, with evidence of dependence and high smoke intake.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Great Britain/epidemiology, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Restaurants, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Universities, Water
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jackson,D., Aveyard,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080522
PMCID
PMC2413225
Editors
|
|||
| Impact of Waterpipe Tobacco Pack Health Warnings on Waterpipe Smoking Attitudes: A Qualitative Analysis among Regular Users in London | 2015 | Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith W6 8RP, UK ; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK.; School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BioMed research international
Periodical, Abbrev.
Biomed.Res.Int.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
2015
Issue
Start Page
745865
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150816; JID: 101600173; OID: NLM: PMC4529913; 2014/12/08 [received]; 2015/02/18 [revised]; 2015/02/25 [accepted]; 2015/07/26 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
2314-6141
Accession Number
PMID: 26273642
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1155/2015/745865 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26273642
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite the rise in prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking, it has received little legislative enforcement from governing bodies, especially in the area of health warning labels. METHODS: Twenty regular waterpipe tobacco smokers from London took part in five focus groups discussing the impact of waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings on their attitudes towards waterpipe smoking. We presented them with existing and mock waterpipe tobacco products, designed to be compliant with current and future UK/EU legislation. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Participants felt packs were less attractive and health warnings were more impactful as health warnings increased in size and packaging became less branded. However, participants highlighted their lack of exposure to waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings due to the inherent nature of waterpipe smoking, that is, smoking in a cafe with the apparatus already prepacked by staff. Health warnings at the point of consumption had more reported impact than health warnings at the point of sale. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings are likely to be effective if compliant with existing laws and exposed to end-users. Legislations should be reviewed to extend health warning labels to waterpipe accessories, particularly the apparatus, and to waterpipe-serving premises.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Bakir,A., Ali,M., Grant,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150726
PMCID
PMC4529913
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe tobacco smoking may undermine the progress made in curbing cigarette smoking | 2014 | Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London W6 8RP, UK mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk.; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London W6 8RP, UK. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMJ
Pub Date Free Form
31-Dec
Volume
349
Issue
Start Page
g7761
Other Pages
Notes
JID: 8900488; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1756-1833; 0959-535X
Accession Number
PMID: 25552461
Language
eng
SubFile
Letter; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1136/bmj.g7761 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25552461
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Millett,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141231
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence, correlates and patterns of waterpipe smoking among secondary school students in southeast London: a cross-sectional study | 2016 | Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, W6 8RP, UK. mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk.; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK. moham | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
1-Feb
Volume
16
Issue
Start Page
108
Other Pages
016-2770-1
Notes
LR: 20160204; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4736266; 2015/06/02 [received]; 2016/01/22 [accepted]; 2016/02/01 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 26830194
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1186/s12889-016-2770-1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26830194
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is growing worldwide, but little is known of its epidemiology in the UK due to its absence from national health surveys. We sought to address this by calculating the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among secondary school students in southeast London. METHODS: We conducted a pooled secondary analysis of routine health surveillance surveys among 11-17 year olds in convenience-sampled secondary schools from three ethnically-diverse areas of southeast London. We calculated ever (lifetime) waterpipe use, and compared its sociodemographic correlates to ever (lifetime) cigarette use. In one area we collected data on patterns of waterpipe use. RESULTS: Of 2,098 respondents (mean age 14.1 +/- 1.7 years, 55.7 % male, 46.6 % of black ethnicity), ever waterpipe use was 39.6 % (95 % CI 37.6-41.7 %) and was higher than that for ever cigarette use (32.4 %; 95 % CI 30.5-34.4). While waterpipe users were significantly and independently more likely to be male and of non-white ethnicities, at least 30 % of all age, gender and ethnic sub-groups had tried waterpipe smoking. In contrast, cigarette users were more likely to be older and of white ethnicity. In one of the three areas, over a quarter of waterpipe users were occasional or regular waterpipe smokers, and most were introduced to and currently used waterpipe in waterpipe-serving premises or friends' homes. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking prevalence was high in southeast London, and users exhibited a different sociodemographic profile to cigarette users. Waterpipe should be included in national health surveys of young people. National surveillance is warranted to help develop suitable interventions to prevent uptake and promote cessation.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Power,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160201
PMCID
PMC4736266
Editors
|
|||
| Legislation enforcement of the waterpipe tobacco industry: a qualitative analysis of the London experience | 2014 | Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
16
Issue
7
Start Page
1000
Other Pages
1008
Notes
CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 2014/03/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 24642591
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu022 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24642591
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is prevalent worldwide and is legislatively enforceable under many countries' existing tobacco laws. Globally, however, the waterpipe tobacco industry anecdotally appears poorly controlled. This study aimed to gather intelligence from local government (known as local authority [LA]) staff in London, United Kingdom, about their WTS enforcement experiences. METHODS: In-depth telephone interviews were conducted among 26 LA staff from 14 London boroughs, exploring industry characteristics and tobacco legislation compliance. Recurrent themes were analyzed and derived deductively. RESULTS: Approximately 400 waterpipe premises operate across London, benefiting from high profit margins. LA staff are resource strained, limiting their surveillance of waterpipe premises, some of which are associated with an underground culture. Noise and nuisance are key features of waterpipe premises. Most waterpipe premises were generally noncompliant with most aspects of existing tobacco legislation, mainly due to disproportionately low fines and unclear legislation enforcement guidance. Successful methods for enforcing legislation included a synchronized, multiagency approach; however, this was inconsistently implemented across boroughs. Many LA staff believe licensing waterpipe premises will improve surveillance and control the industry's proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The waterpipe tobacco industry is unregulated and places a significant burden on many LAs in London, mainly due to lack of resources. These problems may also occur in other large cities worldwide. Existing tobacco legislation should be amended to accommodate WTS, including consideration of licensing the industry. More research is needed to gain a full understanding of the waterpipe tobacco industry and its impact on other global cities.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140318
PMCID
Editors
|
|||