WTS database

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Beliefs and perceptions toward quitting waterpipe smoking among cafe waterpipe tobacco smokers in Bahrain	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 11 Start Page 1816 Other Pages 21 Notes ID: 23674839 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: There is a rising prevalence of waterpipe smoking worldwide, but still a paucity of information on perceptions toward quitting waterpipe use. We set out to establish the beliefs and perceptions of cafÃ© waterpipe smokers toward quitting waterpipe smoking in the Kingdom of Bahrain. METHODS: A cross-sectional study. A random sample of 20 of 91 cafÃ©s serving waterpipe tobacco in Bahrain was taken. A questionnaire was administered in each cafÃ© to 20 participants aged 18 and above. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty participants completed questionnaires from waterpipe smokers. Eighty-four percent of participants were Bahraini and 71% had a university degree. Mean age was 28.9 years. Average age of waterpipe smoking initiation was 20.3 years. The majority of waterpipe users chose flavored tobacco. Sixty-one percent smoked waterpipe tobacco daily with a mean smoking time of 2.6hr/day. Seventy-two percent considered waterpipe tobacco as harmful as or more harmful than cigarettes, but 67% considered cigarettes as more addictive. Eighty-two percent stated that they could quit waterpipe at any time, but only 40% were interested in quitting. Interest in quitting smoking was related to 4 variables: a physician mentioning the need to quit smoking, being non-Bahraini, having a family with a hostile attitude toward waterpipe smoking, and not considering oneself "hooked" on waterpipe tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smokers in Bahrain cafÃ©s are frequent and high users. Health professionals must consider waterpipe smoking in all consultations and health promotion messages. A partnership between health professionals and disapproving members of families may be an effective strategy in encouraging waterpipe smokers to quit. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt064 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Borgan,Saif M., Marhoon,Zaid A., Whitford,David L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The acute effects of waterpipe smoking on lung function and exercise capacity in a pilot study of healthy participants	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhal Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 25 Issue 9 Start Page 492 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 23905967 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract CONTEXT: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) has gained popularity, but its physiologic effects have not been extensively studied: rather, studies have focused on WTS's chronic effects or have evaluated limited respiratory/cardiac parameters. OBJECTIVE: We sought to characterize in a more detailed manner the acute effects of WTS on lung function and exercise capacity. METHOD: We recruited 24 healthy WTS males. We used a pilot single-group pre-test (abstained from WTS for â‰¥48 h) post-test (within 0.5 h of a 45-min WTS session) design. We performed spirometry, diffusing lung capacity and time-limited CPE testing (CPET; cycloergometer; 2-min 20-Watt warm-up and 25-Watt increase every 2-min for 10 min). RESULTS: Mean age was 20.4 years; Post-WTS, the following significant changes were observed: CO level increased from 3.7 ppm to 24.4; oxygen consumption decreased (from 1.86 L/min to 1.7); baseline respiratory rate increased (from 17.7 breath/min to 19.7); forced expiratory flow over the middle half of the forced vital capacity decreased (from 5.51 L to 5.29); and perceived exertion (measured by Borg scale) at mid and peak exercise increased. Baseline resting systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse pressure product increased post-WTS (from 118.9 mmHg to 129.2; from 45.3 mmHg to 55.6; and from 9.9 mmHg/min to 11.1 post-WTS, respectively). During exercise, a decrease in oxygen pulse was observed post-WTS (from 10.89 ml/beat to 9.97), while the heart rate-oxygen consumption relationship increased post-WTS (from 3.52 beats/ml/kg to 3.91). CONCLUSION: Acute WTS appears to induce impairment in lung function and exercise capacity. Larger studies are warranted to further characterize the nature and extent of such impairment. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2013.806613 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Hawari,Feras I., Obeidat,Nour A., Ayub,Hiba, Ghonimat,Iyad, Eissenberg,Thomas, Dawahrah,Sahar, Beano,Hamza Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Charcoal burning as a source of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in waterpipe smoking	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Environ Sci Health B Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Sci.Health B. Pub Date Free Form Volume 48 Issue 12 Start Page 1097 Other Pages 102 Notes ID: 24007487 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content from seven commercial waterpipe charcoals were determined during the smoking process to estimate how much PAHs would not be trapped by the water trap and could reach the lungs of the smokers. Naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene were the most abundant PAH compounds produced during smoking. Naphthalene was the highest in all of the smoke contents and levels of 5 to 405 Âµg/15 minutes could be inhaled by the smoker. The amounts of PAHs produced during the smoking events in absence of tobacco varied greatly among different brands of charcoal. The amount and composition of the emitted PAH were not related to the amount and composition of the original chemicals in the charcoal prior to burning. Our findings suggest that public health agencies should regulate smoked charcoal products alongside tobacco. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2013.824300 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Nguyen,Thao, Hlangothi,Duma, Martinez,Raul A., Jacob,Durelle, Anthony,Kevin, Nance,Herb, Saleh,Mahmoud A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
'Hubble-bubble leads to trouble'--waterpipe smoking and oral health	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Dent Update Periodical, Abbrev. Dent.Update Pub Date Free Form Volume 40 Issue 10 Start Page 800 Other Pages 2, 804 Notes ID: 24597023 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract UNLABELLED: Waterpipes are used to smoke tobacco by more than 100 million people worldwide. Use is not restricted to any single racial, ethnic, or cultural group, and dentists are almost certain to encounter waterpipe users amongst their patients. This article describes what the practice involves and seeks to inform members of the dental team of the significantly detrimental impacts of waterpipe smoking on both general and oral health and how'hubble-bubble really can lead to trouble'. Advising patients on ceasing waterpipe use is also discussed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This paper explains what smoking a waterpipe involves, the associated misconceptions of safety amongst users and the dangers to health. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-24597023 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shah,Savan B., Chestnutt,Ivor G., Lewis,Michael A.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Mixed methods pilot study of sharing behaviors among waterpipe smokers of rural Lao PDR: implications for infectious disease transmission	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Int J Environ Res Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 10 Issue 6 Start Page 2120 Other Pages 32 Notes ID: 23708049 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To date, the sharing behaviors associated with the homemade tobacco waterpipe used in rural areas of the Western Pacific Region have not been studied. Evidence from studies of manufactured waterpipes raises the possibility of infectious disease transmission due to waterpipe sharing. The objective of our pilot study in rural Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) was to identify and measure the prevalence of waterpipe sharing behaviors. We first conducted ethnographic studies to investigate waterpipe-smoking behaviors. These findings were then used to develop an interviewer-administered household survey that was used in a sampling of waterpipe smokers from three villages of the Luang Namtha province of Lao PDR (n = 43). Sampled waterpipe smokers were predominantly male (90.7%), older (mean age 49, SD 13.79), married (95.4%), farmers (78.6%), and had completed no primary education. Pipes were primarily made from bamboo (92.9%). Almost all (97.6%) smokers were willing to share their pipe with others. At the last time they smoked, smokers shared a pipe with at least one other person (1.2 Â± 0.5 persons). During the past week, they had shared a pipe with five other persons (5.2 Â± 3.8 persons). The high prevalence of sharing behaviors among waterpipe smokers in rural Southeast Asia raises the possibility that this behavior provides important and unmeasured social network pathways for the transmission of infectious agents. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Martin,Robyn, Safaee,Sahar D., Somsamouth,Khamphithoune, Mounivong,Boualoy, Sinclair,Ryan, Bansal,Shweta, Singh,Pramil N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
In vitro effects of waterpipe smoke condensate on endothelial cell function: a potential risk factor for vascular disease	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Toxicol Lett Periodical, Abbrev. Toxicol.Lett. Pub Date Free Form Volume 219 Issue 2 Start Page 133 Other Pages 42 Notes ID: 23454654 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract AIM: Despite its increasing popularity, little is known about the health effects of waterpipe smoking (WPS), particularly on the cardiovascular system. To investigate the role of WPS as a risk factor for vascular disease, we evaluated its effect on endothelial cell function, which is an early event in vascular disease pathogenesis. We assessed the changes in cell viability, ROS generation, inflammatory and vasodilatory markers and in vitro angiogenesis of human aortic endothelial cells in response to waterpipe smoke condensate exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mainstream waterpipe smoke condensate (WSC) was generated using a standard laboratory machine protocol. Compared to control, WSC induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in human primary endothelial cells. In addition, we assayed for impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and induced inflammation by studying the effect of WPS on the content and activity of AMPK, eNOS proteins and NF-ÎºB p65 ser536 phosphorylation, respectively. WSC inhibited AMPK/eNOS phosphorylation and induced phosphorylation of p65. Moreover, we evaluated endothelial cells repair mechanism related properties that include migration/invasion and in vitro tube formation upon treatment with WSC. WSC reduced the motility and inhibited angiogenic potential of HAEC cells. CONCLUSIONS: WPS induced endothelial cell dysfunction as evident by exerting oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired endothelial vasodilatory function and repair mechanisms. All together these data provide evidence for the potential contribution of WPS to endothelial dysfunction and thus to vascular disease. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Rammah,Mayyasa, Dandachi,Farah, Salman,Rola, Shihadeh,Alan, El-Sabban, Marwan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Are waterpipe users tobacco-dependent?	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Volume 108 Issue 11 Start Page 1886 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 24118756 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maynard,Olivia M., Gage,Suzanne H., MunafÃ², Marcus,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
To what extent should waterpipe tobacco smoking become a public health priority?	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Volume 108 Issue 11 Start Page 1873 Other Pages 84 Notes ID: 23863044 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) popularity is increasing world-wide, and health effects are emerging in the light of evidence that WTS is perceived by users as less harmful than cigarette smoking. However, there remains a paucity of available evidence from which to draw firm conclusions about its public health significance. AIMS: This narrative review aims to summarize WTS literature to date to inform tobacco control specialists and health-care professionals about this phenomenon and help them to assess whether or not WTS should become a public health priority. METHODS: Standard electronic databases as well as conference proceedings and personal libraries were searched in English, French and Arabic with inclusive terminology for the variety of names given to WTS. FINDINGS: Waterpipe smoke contains significant levels of toxins, some of which are known to be carcinogenic to humans. Recent epidemiological trends have established an increasing prevalence of WTS in the Middle East and the United States, particularly among adolescents. It is used commonly across multiple ethnicities and both genders with less of a social gradient than cigarette smoking. Attitudes and beliefs have been researched widely and several reasons for believing it is less harmful than cigarette smoking include water filtration and social acceptability. A wide range of diseases have been associated with WTS, but research in this area is relatively underdeveloped and a better evidence base is needed. Worryingly, the waterpipe industry, including waterpipe cafes, operates in an almost completely unregulated market and employs deceptive marketing techniques to attract new users. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) appears to be on the increase, especially among younger users, and therefore represents a potential public health concern. While legislators should consider enforcing and extending existing tobacco laws to a growing WTS industry, further research is required to fill gaps in the literature and provide evidence-based interventions for tobacco control specialists and health-care professionals. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12265 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,Mohammed, McEwen,Andy, McNeill,Ann, Shahab,Lion Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe smoking: analysis of the aroma profile of flavored waterpipe tobaccos	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Talanta Periodical, Abbrev. Talanta Pub Date Free Form Volume 115 Issue Start Page 665 Other Pages 74 Notes ID: 24054646 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In the last years the habit of smoking waterpipes has spread worldwide, especially among young people and emerged as global health issue. Although research is now under way for no less than 40 years in the field of waterpipe smoking, in comparison to cigarette smoking there is still insufficient knowledge on the real composition and the toxicity of the smoke inhaled and the resulting levels of exposure against particular hazardous ingredients. In most cases for waterpipe smoking a highly flavored tobacco called "moassel" is used. However, the number, quantity and toxicity of the added flavorings are widely unknown. In this study the static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) was used to identify 79 volatile flavor compounds present in waterpipe tobacco. Among these eleven compounds were analyzed quantitatively. The results show that waterpipe tobacco contains high amounts of the fragrance benzyl alcohol as well as considerable levels of limonene, linalool and eugenol, all of which are known as being allergenic in human skin. The proposed SHS-GC-MS method has been validated and found to be accurate, simple and characterized by low limits of detection (LOD) in the range of 0.016 to 4.3 Âµg/g tobacco for benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol, respectively. The identification and characterization of waterpipe tobacco ingredients indeed reveals crucial for the assessment of potential health risks that may be posed by these additives in smokers. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.022 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Schubert,Jens, Luch,Andreas, Schulz,Thomas G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Differential relationships between religiosity, cigarette smoking, and waterpipe use: implications for college student health	2013	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Am Coll Health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Coll.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 61 Issue 7 Start Page 381 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 24010492 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: Using a framework informed by problem behavior theory, the authors examined differential relationships between religiosity and the frequency of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred fourteen individuals beginning their freshman year at a large, public, midwestern university. METHODS: Paper-and-pencil surveys were administered to students who attended freshman orientation. Electronic surveys were sent to students who did not attend orientation. RESULTS: Although a latent, generalized religiosity factor was negatively associated with frequency of cigarette smoking, there was no such relationship for frequency of waterpipe use. CONCLUSIONS: Conceptualizing waterpipe tobacco smoking in terms of problem behavior theory may be inappropriate, given its lack of association with religiosity. These results may reflect the perception that waterpipe use is a more socially acceptable form of tobacco use that is less harmful to health than cigarette smoking, despite medical evidence to the contrary. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2013.819806 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Klassen,Brian J., Smith,Kathryn Z., Grekin,Emily R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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