Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| A descriptive study of waterpipe smoking among college students | 2013 | Health Promotion/Risk Reduction Interventions with Vulnerable Populations, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5482, USA. dnoonan@umich.edu | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Am.Assoc.Nurse.Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
25
Issue
1
Start Page
11
Other Pages
15
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: (c)2012 The Author(s) Journal compilation (c)2012; GR: 5T32NR007073-18/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 NR007073/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 NR007073-19/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101600770; NIHMS364060; OID: NL
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
2327-6924; 2327-6886
Accession Number
PMID: 23279274
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; N
DOI
10.1111/j.1745-7599.2012.00781.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23279274
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine waterpipe smoking and beliefs about waterpipe smoking in a sample of college students from a public university in Virginia. DATA SOURCES: A web-based survey was sent to 1000 undergraduate students recruiting them to participate in the study. Measures from the investigator-developed Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) Waterpipe Questionnaire were used to capture belief-based components of the TRA related to waterpipe use. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and beliefs associated with waterpipe smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Of the sample (n = 223), 71% of males and 52% of females reporting ever smoking tobacco using a waterpipe and 22% of males and 5% of females reporting current waterpipe smoking. Of the sample, 28% of males and 10% of females were current cigarette smokers and 25% of males and 10% of females were current marijuana users. Common beliefs associated with waterpipe smoking are also presented. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurse practitioners working with college students need to be aware of the multiple forms of tobacco that students may engage in. They also should be aware of the common beliefs about waterpipe smoking. This information is useful when targeting and counseling patients about alternative tobacco products like waterpipe smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
American Association of Nurse Practitioners
Data Source
Authors
Noonan,D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120924
PMCID
PMC3539218
Editors
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| A descriptive study of the perceptions and behaviors of waterpipe use by university students in the Western Cape, South Africa | 2013 | Department of Social Work, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7435, South Africa. nicoletteroman@gmail.com. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco induced diseases
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob Induc Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
8-Feb
Volume
11
Issue
1
Start Page
4
Other Pages
11/4/9625
Notes
LR: 20130416; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC3600009; 2012/10/15 [received]; 2013/02/04 [accepted]; 2013/02/08 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2070-7266; 1617-9625
Accession Number
PMID: 23394683
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1186/1617-9625-11-4 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23394683
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking started as a cultural phenomenon but has become a social phenomenon. Hookah cafes are an increasingly popular venue for socializing. Studies suggest that waterpipe users perceive smoking the waterpipe as less addictive and harmful than cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to assess the beliefs, and associated behaviours, regarding the health-risk of smoking the waterpipe. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of first year students at a historically black university in the Western Cape, South Africa. A self-administered questionnaire was constructed from the College Health Behaviour Survey. The final sample was 389 university students, 64% (250) females and 36% (139) males. The sample had a mean age of 22.2 years (SD = 5.04). RESULTS: Waterpipe users perceived the health risks of smoking the waterpipe to be exaggerated (48%) and less addictive (58%) than non-users (13% and 17%, p<.001 additionally="" the="" findings="" confirm="" that="" waterpipe="" smoking="" is="" conducted="" in="" a="" social="" setting="" this="" included="" on="" campus="" family="" home="" at="" party="" friend="" place="" and="" restaurant="" of="" concern="" was="" majority="" users="" smoked="" daily="" basis="" tobacco="" mix="" easily="" available="" most="" common="" self-reported="" reason="" for="" relaxation.="" conclusion:="" as="" with="" previous="" studies="" results="" study="" false="" perception="" not="" health="" risk="" socially="" acceptable.="" raise="" concerns="" an="" awareness="" implications="" children.="" provide="" important="" information="" control="" substance="" abuse="" policies="" south="" africa.="" these="" highlight="" need="" further="" research="" to="" determine="" extent="" other="" universities="">
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Daniels,K.E., Roman,N.V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130208
PMCID
PMC3600009
Editors
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| Women and waterpipe tobacco smoking in the eastern mediterranean region: allure or offensiveness | 2013 | Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Women & health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Women Health
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
53
Issue
1
Start Page
100
Other Pages
116
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 7608076; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1541-0331; 0363-0242
Accession Number
PMID: 23421341
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1080/03630242.2012.753978 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23421341
Abstract
The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing worldwide, despite evidence indicating its adverse health effects. Women and young people seem more likely to be choosing waterpipe tobacco smoking over cigarettes. The objective of this qualitative study was to understand better whether and why waterpipe smoking is a more acceptable form of tobacco use than cigarettes for women in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and to understand whether the strategies used by multi-national corporations to attract women to cigarette smoking were perceived to be relevant in the context of waterpipe tobacco use. Focus groups (n = 81) and in-depth interviews (n = 38) were conducted with adults in Lebanon, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria. Discussions were thematically analyzed and recurrent themes identified. One of the themes which emerged was the negative image of women smoking waterpipes. Moreover, the sexual allure conveyed through waterpipe smoking as well as waterpipe tobacco smoking as a symbol of emancipation was illustrated. The latter was mainly expressed in Lebanon, in contrast with Egypt where traditional gender roles depict women smoking waterpipes as disrespectful to society. Understanding the social aspects of waterpipe tobacco smoking is crucial to planning future interventions to control waterpipe tobacco smoking among women and in society at large.
Descriptors
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Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Khalil,J., Afifi,R., Fouad,F.M., Hammal,F., Jarallah,Y., Mohamed,M., Nakkash,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among population aged 15 years or older, Vietnam, 2010 | 2013 | Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, No 1 Ton That Tung, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam. lethithanhxuan@hmu.edu.vn | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Preventing chronic disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Prev.Chronic Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
18-Apr
Volume
10
Issue
Start Page
E57
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160317; JID: 101205018; OID: NLM: PMC3638612; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-1151; 1545-1151
Accession Number
PMID: 23597395
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.5888/pcd10.120100 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23597395
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing globally and is associated with adverse outcomes requiring tobacco control interventions. We estimated the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco use among adult populations in Vietnam in 2010 and examined its association with sociodemographic factors. METHODS: We used data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in Vietnam in 2010. GATS surveyed a national representative sample of adults aged 15 years or older from 11,142 households by using a 2-phase sampling design analogous to a 3-stage stratified cluster sampling. Descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression modeling were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 6.4% of Vietnamese aged 15 years or older (representing about 4.1 million adult waterpipe smokers) reported current waterpipe tobacco smoking. The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking was significantly higher among men than women (13% vs 0.1%). Area of residence (rural or urban), age group, asset-based wealth quintile, and geographic region of residence were significantly associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking among men. The significant correlates of current waterpipe tobacco smoking among men were lower education levels, being middle-aged (45-54 years), lower asset-based wealth levels, living in rural areas, not living in the South East and the Mekong River Delta geographic regions, and the belief that smoking does not causes diseases. CONCLUSION: Rural dwellers who are poor should be targeted in tobacco control programs. Further studies are needed that examine perceptions of the adverse health effects and the cultural factors of waterpipe tobacco smoking.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Xuan le,T.T., Van Minh,H., Giang,K.B., Nga,P.T., Hai,P.T., Minh,N.T., Hsia,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130418
PMCID
PMC3638612
Editors
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| CO exposure and puff topography are associated with Lebanese waterpipe dependence scale score | 2013 | Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
15
Issue
10
Start Page
1782
Other Pages
1786
Notes
LR: 20150427; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03TW008371./TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 23616231
Language
eng
SubFile
Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntt049 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23616231
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking involves self-administration of the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Few studies have examined if dependence in waterpipe smokers influences toxicant exposure and smoking behavior. METHOD: Current waterpipe tobacco smokers were categorized based on Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS-11) score (LWDS-11: LOW 13; N = 59). Participants abstained from smoking for 12 hr and then completed a single 30-min waterpipe tobacco smoking episode. Expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) was measured before and 5 min after smoking and puff topography was measured during smoking. RESULTS: Total mean smoking time was 30.9 min (SD = 3.5) and did not differ significantly by LWDS-11 score. CO boost was greater for participants in the HIGH versus LOW groups (62.3 vs. 43.6 ppm, p
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Azab,M., Shqair,D.M., Shihadeh,A., Primack,B., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130424
PMCID
PMC3842104
Editors
|
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| Cross-country comparison of waterpipe use: nationally representative data from 13 low and middle-income countries from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) | 2014 | Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern M | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
23
Issue
5
Start Page
419
Other Pages
427
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC414541
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 23760609
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050841 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23760609
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Evidence shows that smoking tobacco using a waterpipe is significantly associated with diseases. Despite this, waterpipe use seems to be increasing worldwide, though nationally representative data are not widely available. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) provides an opportunity to measure various indicators of waterpipe use from nationally representative surveys. METHODS: Data were obtained for adults 15 years of age or older from 13 countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Vietnam) who completed GATS from 2008-2010. The GATS questionnaire collected data on current waterpipe use, including daily/less than daily prevalence and number of sessions per day/week. An optional waterpipe module measured former use, age of initiation, and level of consumption during a session. RESULTS: GATS was successful in producing nationally representative data on waterpipe use from 13 countries, many of which for the first time. The prevalence of waterpipe use among men was highest in Vietnam (13.0%) and Egypt (6.2%); among women, waterpipe use was highest in Russia (3.2%) and Ukraine (1.1%). While over 90% of adults in Ukraine thought smoking tobacco causes serious illness, only 31.4% thought smoking tobacco using a waterpipe causes serious illness. CONCLUSIONS: GATS data provide the ability to analyse waterpipe use within a country and across countries. Monitoring of waterpipe use at a national level will better enable countries to target tobacco control interventions such as education campaigns about the negative health effects of waterpipe use.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Morton,J., Song,Y., Fouad,H., Awa,F.E., Abou El Naga,R., Zhao,L., Palipudi,K., Asma,S., GATS Collaborative Group
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130611
PMCID
PMC4145417
Editors
|
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| Key health themes and reporting of numerical cigarette-waterpipe equivalence in online news articles reporting on waterpipe tobacco smoking: a content analysis | 2015 | Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hy | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
24
Issue
1
Start Page
43
Other Pages
47
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/18 [aheadofprint];
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 23868396
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-050981 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23868396
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There is anecdotal evidence that health messages interpreted from waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) research are inconsistent, such as comparing the health effects of one WTS session with that of 100 cigarettes. This study aimed to identify key health themes about WTS discussed by online news media, and how numerical cigarette-waterpipe equivalence (CWE) was being interpreted. METHODS: We identified 1065 online news articles published between March 2011 and September 2012 using the 'Google Alerts' service. We screened for health themes, assessed statements mentioning CWE and reported differences between countries. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with articles incorrectly reporting a CWE equal to or greater than 100 cigarettes, in the absence of any comparative parameter ('CWE >/=100 cigarettes'). RESULTS: Commonly mentioned health themes were the presence of tobacco (67%) and being as bad as cigarettes (49%), and we report on differences between countries. While 10.8% of all news articles contained at least one positive health theme, 22.9% contained a statement about a CWE. Most of these (18.6% total) were incorrectly a CWE >/=100 cigarettes, a quarter of which were made by healthcare professionals/organisations. Compared with the Middle East, articles from the USA and the UK were the most significant predictors to contain a CWE >/=100 cigarettes statement. CONCLUSIONS: Those wishing to write or publish information related to WTS may wish to avoid comparing WTS to cigarettes using numerical values as this is a major source of confusion. Future research is needed to address the impact of the media on the attitudes, initiation and cessation rates of waterpipe smokers.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Bakir,A.M., Ali,M., Jawad,S., Akl,E.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130718
PMCID
Editors
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| Relationships among factual and perceived knowledge of harms of waterpipe tobacco, perceived risk, and desire to quit among college users | 2014 | Duke University School of Nursing, USA Isaac.lipkus@duke.edu.; Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.; Duke University Medical Center, USA.; University of Texas, USA.; Duke University School of Nursing, USA. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of health psychology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Health.Psychol.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
19
Issue
12
Start Page
1525
Other Pages
1535
Notes
LR: 20150601; CI: (c) The Author(s) 2013; GR: P30 DA023026/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DA023026/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA114389/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA114389/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9703616; NIHMS6639
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1461-7277; 1359-1053
Accession Number
PMID: 23928987
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1177/1359105313494926 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23928987
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in the United States among college students. Through a web-based survey, we explored associations among factual and perceived knowledge, perceived risks and worry about harm and addiction, and desire to quit among 316 college waterpipe tobacco smoking users. Overall, factual knowledge of the harm of waterpipe tobacco smoking was poor, factual and perceived knowledge was weakly correlated, both forms of knowledge were related inconsistently to perceived risks and worry, and neither form of knowledge was associated with the desire to quit. Findings provide preliminary insights as to why knowledge gaps may not predict cessation among waterpipe users.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lipkus,I.M., Eissenberg,T., Schwartz-Bloom,R.D., Prokhorov,A.V., Levy,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130808
PMCID
PMC4358735
Editors
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| An observational study of group waterpipe use in a natural environment | 2014 | Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
16
Issue
1
Start Page
93
Other Pages
99
Notes
LR: 20150423; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3864492; 2013/08/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 23943842
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntt120 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23943842
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To date research on tobacco smoking with a waterpipe (hookah, narghile, and shisha) has focused primarily on the individual user in a laboratory setting. Yet, waterpipe tobacco smoking is often a social practice that occurs in cafes, homes, and other natural settings. This observational study examined the behavior of waterpipe tobacco smokers and the social and contextual features of waterpipe use among groups in their natural environment. METHODS: Trained observers visited urban waterpipe cafes on multiple occasions during an 8-month period. Observations of 241 individual users in naturally formed groups were made on smoking topography (puff frequency, duration, and interpuff interval [IPI]) and engagement in other activities (e.g., food and drink consumption, other tobacco use, and media viewing). RESULTS: Most users were male in group sizes of 3-4 persons, on average, and each table had 1 waterpipe, on average. The predominant social features during observational periods were conversation and nonalcoholic drinking. Greater puff number was associated with smaller group sizes and more waterpipes per group, while longer IPIs were associated with larger group sizes and fewer waterpipes per group. Additionally, greater puff frequency was observed during media viewing and in the absence of other tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results suggest that waterpipe smoking behavior is affected by group size and by certain social activities. Discussion focuses on how these findings enhance our understanding of factors that may influence exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke toxicants in naturalistic environments.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Blank,M.D., Brown,K.W., Goodman,R.J., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130813
PMCID
PMC3864492
Editors
|
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| 'Enter at your own risk': a multimethod study of air quality and biological measures in Canadian waterpipe cafes | 2015 | Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla La | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
24
Issue
2
Start Page
175
Other Pages
181
Notes
CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacc
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 24161999
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051180 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24161999
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco and non-tobacco-based waterpipe smoking has increased exponentially in many countries in recent decades, particularly among youth and young adults. Although tobacco smoking is banned in many indoor public places, waterpipe smoking, ostensibly non-tobacco, continues in Ontario and other jurisdictions where only tobacco smoking is prohibited. This study assessed air quality and exposure in waterpipe cafes using multiple methods and markers. METHODS: Indoor (n=12) and outdoor (n=5) air quality was assessed in Toronto, Canada waterpipe cafes from 30 August to 11 October 2012. Real-time measurements of air nicotine, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) and ambient carbon monoxide (CO) were collected in 2 h sessions. Levels of CO in breath were collected in non-smoking field staff before entering and upon leaving venues. Observations of occupant behaviour, environmental changes and venue characteristics were also recorded. RESULTS: In indoor venues, mean values were 1419 microg/m(3) for PM2.5, 17.7 ppm for ambient CO, and 3.3 microg/m(3) for air nicotine. Levels increased with increasing number of active waterpipes. On outdoor patios, mean values were 80.5 microg/m(3) for PM2.5, 0.5 ppm for ambient CO, and 0.6 microg/m(3) for air nicotine. Air quality levels in indoor waterpipe cafes are hazardous for human health. Outdoor waterpipe cafes showed less harmful particulate levels than indoors, but mean PM2.5 levels (80.5 microg/m(3)) were still 'poor'. CONCLUSIONS: Staff and patrons of waterpipe cafes are exposed to air quality levels considered hazardous to human health. Results support eliminating waterpipe smoking in hospitality venues indoors and out.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Zhang,B., Haji,F., Kaufman,P., Muir,S., Ferrence,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131025
PMCID
Editors
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