WTS database | WHO FCTC

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Young adult waterpipe smokers: Smoking behaviors and associated subjective and physiological effects	2014	Program of Excellence in the Addictions, College of Nursing, Washington State University, WA, USA. Electronic address: Kawkab.shishani@gmail.com.; Program of Excellence in the Addictions, College of Nursing, Washington State University, WA, USA.; Program	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 39 Issue 6 Start Page 1113 Other Pages 1119 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: K01 DA037661/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS610813; OID: NLM: NIHMS610813; OID: NLM: PMC4096831; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/11/06 [received]; 2014/02/ Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 24657000 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24657000 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate smoking behaviors and subjective and physiological effects of nicotine on young adult occasional waterpipe smokers. METHODS: This study utilized a repeated-measures design that included one repeated factor for condition (nicotine and non-nicotine). For each participant, the sequencing of the repeated factor was assigned using random allocation. The two nicotine conditions were nicotine (0.75 g) and non-nicotine (0 g placebo) tobacco. Over the course of two weeks, twenty-two participants completed subjective (Acute Subjective Effects of Nicotine) and physiological (blood pressure, heart rate, and CO level) measures. Additional measures (QSU and MNWS-R) were used to assess for withdrawal symptoms. SAMPLE: The participants (n=22) were young adults (23 +/- 3.1years); 71% smoked waterpipe once a month in the past year and 29% smoked waterpipe 1-2 times per week. In addition, 60% reported sharing their waterpipe with friends while smoking. None of the participants reported using any other forms of tobacco products. RESULTS: Under the nicotine condition, participants tended to smoke longer (i.e. smoking duration, p=0.004), take more puffs (p=0.03), take shorter puffs (p=0.03), and inhale less volume with each puff (p=0.02). The repeated measures analysis of the factor headrush revealed an effect of the nicotine condition (F=9.69, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Shishani,K., Howell,D., McPherson,S., Roll,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140312 PMCID PMC4096831 Editors
The relationship between waterpipe and cigarette smoking in low and middle income countries: cross-sectional analysis of the global adult tobacco survey	2014	Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; Department of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 24-Mar Volume 9 Issue 3 Start Page e93097 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150514; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3963998; 2014 [ecollection]; 2013/10/07 [received]; 2014/03/03 [accepted]; 2014/03/24 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24664109 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0093097 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24664109 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is receiving growing attention due to accumulating evidence suggesting increasing prevalence in some populations and deleterious health effects. Nevertheless, the relationship between waterpipe and cigarette smoking remain unknown, particularly in low and middle income countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed waterpipe and cigarette smoking using data from Global Adult Tobacco Survey, a household survey of adults aged >/=15 years conducted between 2008-2010 in LMICs. Factors associated with waterpipe and cigarette use were assessed using multiple logistic regression. Factors associated with the quantity of waterpipe and cigarette smoking were assessed using log-linear regression models. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, gender, residence, education, occupation and smokeless tobacco use, waterpipe smoking was significantly higher among cigarette users than in non-cigarette users in India (5.6% vs. 0.6%, AOR 13.12, 95% CI 7.41-23.23) and Russia (6.7% vs. 0.2%, AOR 27.73, 95% CI 11.41-67.43), but inversely associated in Egypt (2.6% vs. 3.4%, AOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.15-0.30) and not associated in Vietnam (13.3% vs. 4.7%, AOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.74-1.23). Compared to non-cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers who also used cigarettes had more waterpipe smoking sessions per week in Russia (1.3 vs. 2.9, beta coefficient 0.31, 95% CI 0.06, 0.57), but less in Egypt (18.2 vs. 10.7, beta coefficient -0.45, 95% CI -0.73, -0.17) and Vietnam (102.0 vs. 79.3, beta coefficient -0.31, 95% CI -0.56, -0.06) and similar amounts in India (29.4 vs. 32.6, beta coefficient -0.12, 95% CI -0.46, 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking is low in most LMICs but important country-level differences in use, including concurrent cigarette smoking, should be taken into account when designing and evaluating tobacco control interventions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Lee,J.T., Millett,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140324 PMCID PMC3963998 Editors
Behavioral cessation treatment of waterpipe smoking: The first pilot randomized controlled trial	2014	Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria; Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria.; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Sy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 39 Issue 6 Start Page 1066 Other Pages 1074 Notes LR: 20150601; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS615577 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 24629480 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24629480 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe use has increased dramatically in the Middle East and other parts of the world. Many users exhibit signs of dependence, including withdrawal and difficulty quitting, but there is no evidence base to guide cessation efforts. METHODS: We developed a behavioral cessation program for willing-to-quit waterpipe users, and evaluated its feasibility and efficacy in a pilot, two arm, parallel group, randomized, open label trial in Aleppo, Syria. Fifty adults who smoked waterpipe >/=3 times per week in the last year, did not smoke cigarettes, and were interested in quitting were randomized to receive either brief (1 in-person session and 3 phone calls) or intensive (3 in-person sessions and 5 phone calls) behavioral cessation treatment delivered by a trained physician in a clinical setting. The primary efficacy end point of the developed interventions was prolonged abstinence at three months post-quit day, assessed by self-report and exhaled carbon monoxide levels of Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Asfar,T., Al Ali,R., Rastam,S., Maziak,W., Ward,K.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140303 PMCID PMC4141480 Editors
Reigniting tobacco ritual: waterpipe tobacco smoking establishment culture in the United States	2014	Program for Research on Media and Health, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA;; Div	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 16 Issue 12 Start Page 1549 Other Pages 1558 Notes LR: 20151201; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4296182; 2014/06/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24972889 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu101 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24972889 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an increasingly prevalent form of tobacco use in the United States. Its appeal may stem from its social, ritualistic, and aesthetic nature. Our aim in this study was to understand WTS as a social ritual with the goal of informing prevention efforts. METHODS: We conducted a covert observational study consisting of 38 observation sessions in 11 WTS establishments in 3 U.S. cities. Data collection was based on an established conceptual framework describing ritualistic elements of tobacco use. Iterative codebook development and qualitative thematic synthesis were used to analyze data. RESULTS: Atmospheres ranged from quiet coffee shop to boisterous bar party environments. While some children and older adults were present, the majority of clientele were young adults. Men and women were evenly represented. However, there were 19 occurrences of a male smoking by himself, but no women smoked alone. The vast majority (94%) of the clientele were actively smoking waterpipes. All 83 observed groups manifested at least 1 of the ritual elements of our conceptual framework, while 41 of the 83 observed groups (49%) demonstrated all 4 ritual elements. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its heterogeneity, WTS is often characterized by 1 or more established elements of a tobacco-related social ritual. It may be valuable for clinical and public health interventions to acknowledge and address the ritualistic elements and social function of WTS. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Carroll,M.V., Chang,J., Sidani,J.E., Barnett,T.E., Soule,E., Balbach,E., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140627 PMCID PMC4296182 Editors
Waterpipes and electronic cigarettes: increasing prevalence and expanding science	2014	Center for Regulatory Research on Tobacco Communication, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina , 319D Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemical research in toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Chem.Res.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form 18-Aug Volume 27 Issue 8 Start Page 1336 Other Pages 1343 Notes LR: 20160701; GR: P50 CA180907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50CA180907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8807448; 0 (Nitrosamines); OID: NLM: PMC4137989; Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-5010; 0893-228X Accession Number PMID: 25338174 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1021/tx500200j [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25338174 Abstract The prevalence of non-cigarette tobacco product use is on the rise across the globe, especially for waterpipes (also known as hookah, narghile, and shisha) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The scientific literature reveals that waterpipe tobacco smoking is associated with exposure to a variety of toxicants that can cause short- and long-term adverse health events. In contrast, there is far less evidence of health harms related to e-cigarette use, although the variety of products in this category makes it difficult to generalize. We searched the PubMed database for all publications on waterpipes and e-cigarettes from January 2000 to March 2014. The number of publications on waterpipes rose in a slow, linear pattern during this time, while the number of publications on e-cigarettes showed exponential growth. The different trends suggest there may be more interest in studying a novel nicotine product (the e-cigarette) over a traditional tobacco product (the waterpipe). We posit that, although the specific research needs for these products are different, public health would be served best by a more equitable research approach. Scientists should continue to devote attention to understanding the unknown long-term health effects of e-cigarettes and their potential to serve as harm reduction or smoking cessation tools while simultaneously investigating how to reduce waterpipe smoking given that it exposes users to toxicants known to cause harm to health. Recent regulatory action in the United States, which proposes to include waterpipes and e-cigarettes under some of the same regulations as tobacco cigarettes, makes such research particularly timely. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pepper,J.K., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140804 PMCID PMC4137989 Editors
Determinants of waterpipe smoking initiation among school children in Irbid, Jordan: a 4-year longitudinal analysis	2014	Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC II - Room 595-1, Miami, FL 33099, USA. Electronic address: kscot005@fiu.edu.; Department of Health Promotion an	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 142 Issue Start Page 307 Other Pages 313 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; NIHMS612962 Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25060962 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.038 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25060962 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Guided by the Attitude-Social influence-self Efficacy (ASE) theory, this study identified predictors of waterpipe (WP) smoking initiation in a WP naive cohort of Jordanian school children. METHODS: A school-based cohort of all 7th grade students (N=1781) in 19 of 60 schools in Irbid, Jordan, was followed from 2008 to 2011. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to examine predictors of WP initiation among WP-naive students (N=1243). RESULTS: During the 3-year study, WP initiation was documented in 39% of boys and 28% of girls. Prior cigarette smoking (boys: odds ratio 7.41; 95% confidence interval 4.05-12.92 and girls: 8.48; 4.34-16.56) and low WP refusal self-efficacy (boys: 26.67; 13.80-51.53 and girls: 11.49; 6.42-20.55) were strongly predictive of initiating WP. Boys were also more likely to initiate WP smoking if they had siblings (2.30; 1.14-4.64) or teachers (2.07; 1.12-3.84) who smoked and girls if they had friends (2.96; 1.59-5.54) who smoked. CONCLUSION: There is a sizeable incidence of WP initiation among students of both sexes. These findings will help in designing culturally responsive prevention interventions against WP smoking. Gender-specific factors, refusal skills, and cigarette smoking need to be important components of such initiatives. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors McKelvey,K., Attonito,J., Madhivanan,P., Jaber,R., Yi,Q., Mzayek,F., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140709 PMCID PMC4138134 Editors
Genotoxicity of waterpipe smoke in buccal cells and peripheral blood leukocytes as determined by comet assay	2014	Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia and.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 26 Issue 14 Start Page 891 Other Pages 896 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8910739; 0 (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde); 0 (Benzaldehydes); 0 (Furans); 0 (Pyrones); 0 (Smoke); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); YC9ST449YJ (ethyl vanillin); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 25357232 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/08958378.2014.970787 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25357232 Abstract CONTEXT: Waterpipe smoke causes DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes and in buccal cells of smokers. OBJECTIVE: To determine the exposure effect of waterpipe smoke on buccal cells and peripheral blood leukocytes in regard to DNA damage using comet assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The waterpipe smoke condensates were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study was performed on 20 waterpipe smokers. To perform comet assay on bucaal cells of smokers, 10 microl of cell suspension was mixed with 85 microl of pre-warmed 1% low melting agarose, applied to comet slide and electrophoresed. To analyze the effect of smoke condensate in vitro, 1 ml of peripheral blood was mixed with 10 microl of smoke condensate and subjected for comet assay. RESULTS: The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4on, nicotine, hydroxymethyl furancarboxaldehyde and 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the smoke condensates. Waterpipe smoking caused DNA damage in vivo in buccal cells of smokers. The tail moment and tail length in buccal cells of smokers were 186 +/- 26 and 456 +/- 71, respectively, which are higher than control. The jurak and moassel smoke condensates were found to cause DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes. The moassel smoke condensate was more damaging. DISCUSSION: There is wide misconception that waterpipe smoking is not as harmful as cigarette smoking. This study demonstrated that waterpipe smoke induced DNA damage in exposed cells. CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smokes cause DNA damage in buccal cells. The smoke condensate of both jurak and moassel caused comet formation suggesting DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Amrah,H.J., Aboznada,O.A., Alam,M.Z., ElAssouli,M.Z., Mujallid,M.I., ElAssouli,S.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141030 PMCID Editors
Prevalence, social acceptance, and awareness of waterpipe smoking among dental university students: a cross sectional survey conducted in Jordan	2014	Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. saobeidat@just.edu.jo.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC research notes Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Res.Notes Pub Date Free Form 24-Nov Volume 7 Issue Start Page 832 Other Pages 0500-7-832 Notes LR: 20151028; JID: 101462768; OID: NLM: PMC4253988; 2014/07/01 [received]; 2014/11/18 [accepted]; 2014/11/24 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-0500; 1756-0500 Accession Number PMID: 25421621 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1756-0500-7-832 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25421621 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity especially among young adults. This spread could be related to limited knowledge of the negative health effects of waterpipe smoking. In this study, prevalence, social acceptance, and awareness of waterpipe smoking were examined among dental university students. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey study, where a self-administered questionnaire was completed by a sample of dental university students in Jordan. RESULTS: Students (n=547) reported current tobacco use of 54.3% for males versus 11.1% for females (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Obeidat,S.R., Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Mahasneh,A.M., Bibars,A.R., Khader,Y.S., Alsa'di,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141124 PMCID PMC4253988 Editors
Lifetime cumulative exposure to waterpipe smoking is associated with coronary artery disease	2014	Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Atherosclerosis Periodical, Abbrev. Atherosclerosis Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 234 Issue 2 Start Page 454 Other Pages 460 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 0242543; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/11/22 [received]; 2014/03/20 [revised]; 2014/03/31 [accepted]; 2014/04/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-1484; 0021-9150 Accession Number PMID: 24814409 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.036 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24814409 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Globally, waterpipe (WP) smoking is becoming a more prevalent form of tobacco consumption. Whilst research so far has demonstrated a significant link between WP use and a number of health outcomes, little is known of its association with heart disease. We examine in this study the association of WP smoking with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: A total of 1210 patients, aged 40 years and over and free from smoking-associated illnesses or history of cardiovascular procedures, admitted for coronary angiography at four major hospitals in Lebanon, were included. The extent of CAD was summarized in two ways, firstly as diseased (>/= 50% and >/= 70% occlusion in at least one main coronary artery) versus non-diseased (entirely normal coronaries), and secondly, as CAD cumulative score based on Duke CAD Prognostic Index. A score of WP-years, capturing intensity and lifetime duration of exposure, was estimated for each individual. RESULTS: Lifetime exposure exceeding 40 WP-years was associated with a threefold significant increase in the odds of having severe stenosis (>/= 70%) compared to non-smokers (OR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.04-8.33) as well as with the CAD Index (beta = 7.835, p-value = 0.027), net of the effect of socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors and co-morbidity. A dose-response relationship between WP-years and percent stenosis was also established. WP smoking status (never, past and current) did not associate with CAD. CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative exposure to WP smoking is significantly associated with severe CAD. There is a need to monitor WP use among cardiac patients and include this information in their medical charts in the same manner cigarettes smoking is documented. This is likely to increase awareness of the hazards of WP smoking and prompt physicians to target WP tobacco control by providing advice to their patients on WP smoking cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Sibai,A.M., Tohme,R.A., Almedawar,M.M., Itani,T., Yassine,S.I., Nohra,E.A., Isma'eel,H.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140415 PMCID Editors
Knowledge and attitudes of waterpipe tobacco smoking among GPs in England	2014	Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College School of Public Health, Imperial College London. E-mail: mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners Periodical, Abbrev. Br.J.Gen.Pract. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 64 Issue 622 Start Page 222 Other Pages 223 Notes LR: 20150708; JID: 9005323; OID: NLM: PMC4001149; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1478-5242; 0960-1643 Accession Number PMID: 24771819 Language eng SubFile Letter; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3399/bjgp14X679642 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24771819 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Hamilton,F.L., Millett,C., Albeyatti,A., Ananthavarathan,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4001149 Editors

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