WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Differing psychosocial risk profiles of college freshmen waterpipe, cigar, and cigarette smokers	2008	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Outcomes Research, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. smithsimone@email.chop.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 33 Issue 12 Start Page 1619 Other Pages 1624 Notes JID: 7603486; 2008/03/04 [received]; 2008/07/09 [revised]; 2008/07/29 [accepted]; 2008/08/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 18783890 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18783890 Abstract Few studies have examined the psychosocial aspects of tobacco smoking in young adults, particularly among alternative forms such as waterpipe. To address this gap, we examined the association of psychosocial characteristics (i.e., sociodemographics, risk perception, social norms, and pluralistic ignorance) with waterpipe, cigar, and cigarette smoking in college freshmen. Data are from a cross-sectional internet survey conducted during spring semester 2004 at Johns Hopkins University, N=411. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the association between psychosocial risk factors and waterpipe, cigar, and cigarette smoking. Results reveal that (1) psychosocial risk profiles of smokers differed by type of smoker and by type of tobacco product smoked, and (2) freshmen perceived the waterpipe as the most attractive product, out of the three products evaluated, to use among their peers. This study provides some of the first data on the association of psychosocial characteristics and various forms of tobacco smoking in young adults. This area of research is of increasing importance as a surge of waterpipe use among college students is becoming evident and interventions to reduce and prevent use are critically needed. Descriptors Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Regression Analysis, Smoking/prevention & control/psychology, Social Environment, Students/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects, Universities, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Smith-Simone,S. Y., Curbow,B. A., Stillman,F. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080803 PMCID Editors
Canadian and English students' beliefs about waterpipe smoking: a qualitative study	2009	UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 10-Jan Volume 9 Issue Start Page 10 Other Pages 9/10/2458 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC2628878; 2008/06/23 [received]; 2009/01/10 [accepted]; 2009/01/10 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 19134220 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-9-10 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19134220 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is becoming popular among western students. The aim was to understand the appeal to students of this form of smoking when other forms of smoking are becoming less common. METHODS: Waterpipe smokers were identified by snowball sampling and interviewed following a semi-structured schedule in waterpipe cafes and in their homes. Constant comparative analysis was used to derive themes for the analysis. RESULTS: Waterpipe smokers saw smoking as an alternative to more expensive nights out in bars. The appeal was related to the communal activity and the novelty of the experience. Respondents had not thought deeply about the health risks and reasoned that if no warnings about waterpipe smoking were apparent (unlike cigarette smoking) then it was probably safe. These observations were reinforced by observations about the mildness of the smoke, the fruit flavours, and beliefs about the filtering of the water. Waterpipe smokers felt no pressure to stop smoking and therefore had not tried to do so, but felt it might be something they did not continue after university. Waterpipe smoking was not linked in students' minds to other forms of smoking except in one individual who was using waterpipe smoking to help quit cigarettes. CONCLUSION: In the absence of public health information, students have fallen back on superficial experiences to form views that waterpipe smoking is less harmful than other forms of smoking and it is currently much more acceptable in student society than other forms of smoking. Descriptors Administration, Inhalation, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cultural Characteristics, Female, Great Britain/epidemiology, Group Processes, Health Behavior, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage, Ontario/epidemiology, Prevalence, Qualitative Research, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Students/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco, Water, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Roskin,J., Aveyard,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090110 PMCID PMC2628878 Editors
Indoor air contamination during a waterpipe (narghile) smoking session	2009	Department of Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinarstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. hermann.fromme@lgl.bayern.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 47 Issue 7 Start Page 1636 Other Pages 1641 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8207483; 0 (Gases); 0 (Metals); 0 (Nitrogen Oxides); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); CIN: Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Mar;48(3):992-5; auth Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6351; 0278-6915 Accession Number PMID: 19394392 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19394392 Abstract The smoke of waterpipe contains numerous substances of health concern, but people mistakenly believe that this smoking method is less harmful and addictive than cigarettes. An experiment was performed in a 57 m3 room on two dates with no smoking on the first date and waterpipe smoking for 4h on the second date. We measured volatile organic compounds (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), metals, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (e.g. NO), as well as particle mass (PM), particle number concentration (PNC) and particle surface area in indoor air. High concentrations were observed for the target analytes during the 4-h smoking event. The median (90th percentile) values of PM(2.5), PNC, CO and NO were 393 (737 microg/m(3)), 289,000 (550,000 particles/cm(3)), 51 (65 ppm) and 0.11 (0.13 ppm), respectively. The particle size distribution has a maximum of particles relating to a diameter of 17 nm. The seven carcinogenic PAH were found to be a factor 2.6 higher during the smoking session compared to the control day. In conclusion, the observed indoor air contamination of different harmful substances during a WP session is high, and exposure may pose a health risk for smokers but in particular for non-smokers who are exposed to ETS. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Gases/analysis, Metals/analysis, Nitrogen Oxides/analysis, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Pilot Projects, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fromme,H., Dietrich,S., Heitmann,D., Dressel,H., Diemer,J., Schulz,T., Jorres,R. A., Berlin,K., Volkel,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090424 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States	2010	Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 34 Issue 3 Start Page 275 Other Pages 285 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: R01 CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA103827-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1945-7359; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 20001185 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM DOI 10.5555/ajhb.2010.34.3.275 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20001185 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and potential health risks of waterpipe tobacco smoking. METHODS: A literature review was performed to compile information relating to waterpipe tobacco smoking. RESULTS: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in prevalence worldwide; in the United States, 10-20% of some young adult populations are current waterpipe users. Depending on the toxicant measured, a single waterpipe session produces the equivalent of at least 1 and as many as 50 cigarettes. Misconceptions about waterpipe smoke content may lead users to underestimate health risks. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of waterpipe tobacco smoking in tobacco control activities may help reduce its spread. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data, Lebanon/epidemiology, Nicotine/analysis, Prevalence, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology/trends, Substance-Related Disorders/etiology, Syria/epidemiology, Tars/analysis, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cobb,C., Ward,K. D., Maziak,W., Shihadeh,A. L., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3215592 Editors
Waterpipe and cigarette smoking among college athletes in the United States	2010	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. bprimack@pitt.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 46 Issue 1 Start Page 45 Other Pages 51 Notes LR: 20141204; CI: Copyright 2010; GR: K07 CA114315/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K07 CA114315-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K07 CA114315-04S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K07-CA114315/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI N Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 20123257 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.05.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20123257 Abstract PURPOSE: Tobacco use using a waterpipe is an emerging trend among college students. Although cigarette smoking is low among college athletes, waterpipe tobacco smoking may appeal to this population. The purpose of this study was to compare cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking in terms of their associations with organized sport participation. METHODS: In the spring of 2008, we conducted an online survey of 8,745 college students at eight institutions as part of the revised National College Health Assessment. We used multivariable regression models to assess the associations between tobacco use (cigarette and waterpipe) and organized sports participation. RESULTS: Participants reported participation in varsity (5.2%), club (11.9%), and intramural (24.9%) athletics. Varsity athletes and individuals who were not varsity athletes had similar rates of waterpipe tobacco smoking (27.6% vs. 29.5%, p=.41). However, other types of athletes were more likely than their counterparts to have smoked waterpipe tobacco (35.1% vs. 28.7%, p < .001 for club sports and 34.8% vs. 27.7%, p < .001 for intramural sports). In fully-adjusted multivariable models, sports participants of any type had lower odds of having smoked cigarettes, whereas participants who played intramural sports (odds ratio=1.15, 95% confidence interval=1.03, 1.29) or club sports (odds ratio=1.15, 95% confidence interval=1.001, 1.33) had significantly higher odds of having smoked waterpipe tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: College athletes are susceptible to waterpipe tobacco use. In fact, compared with their nonathletic counterparts, club sports participants and intramural sports participants generally had higher odds of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Allure for waterpipe tobacco smoking may exist even for individuals who are traditionally considered at low risk for tobacco use. Descriptors Adolescent, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Smoking/epidemiology, Sports, Students, United States/epidemiology, Universities, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Adolescent Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved Data Source Authors Primack,B. A., Fertman,C. I., Rice,K. R., Adachi-Mejia,A. M., Fine,M. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090708 PMCID PMC3001225 Editors
Comparison of carcinogen, carbon monoxide, and ultrafine particle emissions from narghile waterpipe and cigarette smoking: Sidestream smoke measurements and assessment of second-hand smoke emission factors	2010	Aerosol Research Lab, Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994) Periodical, Abbrev. Atmos.Environ.(1994) Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 44 Issue 1 Start Page 8 Other Pages 14 Notes GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9888534; NIHMS155344; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1352-2310; 1352-2310 Accession Number PMID: 20161525 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20161525 Abstract The lack of scientific evidence on the constituents, properties, and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke has fueled controversy over whether public smoking bans should include the waterpipe. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare emissions of ultrafine particles (UFP, <100 nm), carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile aldehydes, and carbon monoxide (CO) for cigarettes and narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipes. These smoke constituents are associated with a variety of cancers, and heart and pulmonary diseases, and span the volatility range found in tobacco smoke.Sidestream cigarette and waterpipe smoke was captured and aged in a 1 m(3) Teflon-coated chamber operating at 1.5 air changes per hour (ACH). The chamber was characterized for particle mass and number surface deposition rates. UFP and CO concentrations were measured online using a fast particle spectrometer (TSI 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer), and an indoor air quality monitor. Particulate PAH and gaseous volatile aldehydes were captured on glass fiber filters and DNPH-coated SPE cartridges, respectively, and analyzed off-line using GC-MS and HPLC-MS. PAH compounds quantified were the 5- and 6-ring compounds of the EPA priority list. Measured aldehydes consisted of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, methacrolein, and propionaldehyde.We found that a single waterpipe use session emits in the sidestream smoke approximately four times the carcinogenic PAH, four times the volatile aldehydes, and 30 times the CO of a single cigarette. Accounting for exhaled mainstream smoke, and given a habitual smoker smoking rate of 2 cigarettes per hour, during a typical one-hour waterpipe use session a waterpipe smoker likely generates ambient carcinogens and toxicants equivalent to 2-10 cigarette smokers, depending on the compound in question. There is therefore good reason to include waterpipe tobacco smoking in public smoking bans. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Daher,N., Saleh,R., Jaroudi,E., Sheheitli,H., Badr,T., Sepetdjian,E., Al Rashidi,M., Saliba,N., Shihadeh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2801144 Editors
Health warning labelling practices on narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories	2010	Health Behavior and Education Department, Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon. rima.nakkash@aub.edu.lb	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 19 Issue 3 Start Page 235 Other Pages 239 Notes LR: 20141203; JID: 9209612; OID: NLM: PMC2989164; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 20501497 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.031773 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20501497 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence is increasing around the globe despite current evidence that smoke emissions are toxic and contain carcinogenic compounds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate current health warning labelling practices on waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories. METHODS: All waterpipe tobacco products, as well as waterpipe accessories, were purchased from Lebanon and a convenience sample was obtained from Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Bahrain, Canada, Germany and South Africa. FINDINGS: Of the total number of waterpipe tobacco products collected from Lebanon, the majority had textual health warning labels covering on average only 3.5% of total surface area of the package. Misleading descriptors were commonplace on waterpipe tobacco packages and related accessories. CONCLUSIONS: There are no WHO FCTC compliant waterpipe-specific health warning labels on waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories. Introducing health warnings on waterpipe tobacco products and accessories will probably have worldwide public health benefits. Descriptors Global Health, Health Promotion/methods, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects/prevention & control, Product Labeling, Smoking/adverse effects/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nakkash,R., Khalil,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2989164 Editors
Waterpipe (narghile) smoking among medical and non-medical university students in Turkey	2010	Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Kayseri, Turkey.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Upsala journal of medical sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Ups.J.Med.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 115 Issue 3 Start Page 210 Other Pages 216 Notes LR: 20141203; JID: 0332203; OID: NLM: PMC2939523; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2000-1967; 0300-9734 Accession Number PMID: 20636256 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3109/03009734.2010.487164 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20636256 Abstract OBJECTIVES: This investigation was performed in order to determine the prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking in students of Erciyes University and the effects of some socio-demographic factors. METHODS: A total of 645 students who study the first three grades of the medical faculty and the engineering faculty of Erciyes University were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including 48 questions was applied. Chi-square test and logistic regression method were performed for the statistical analyses. RESULTS: The total prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was found to be 32.7%. The prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was 28.6% in the medical and 37.5% in the non-medical students. It was determined that 41.6% of the males and 20.2% of the females currently smoke waterpipe. Gender, cigarette smoking, and the presence of waterpipe smokers among family members and friends have significant effects on the prevalence of waterpipe smoking. Residence and economical status of the family and with whom the students live have no significant effect on the prevalence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-third of the students currently smoke waterpipe. Smoking of both cigarette and waterpipe was frequently found. The measures against all tobacco products should be combined. Descriptors Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Students, Medical, Turkey/epidemiology, Universities Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Poyrazoglu,S., Sarli,S., Gencer,Z., Gunay,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2939523 Editors
Assessment of genotoxicity of waterpipe and cigarette smoking in lymphocytes using the sister-chromatid exchange assay: a comparative study	2011	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. khabour@just.edu.jo	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental and molecular mutagenesis Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Mol.Mutagen. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 52 Issue 3 Start Page 224 Other Pages 228 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2010; JID: 8800109; 0 (Mutagens); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/04/12 [received]; 2010/04/21 [accepted]; 2010/08/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-2280; 0893-6692 Accession Number PMID: 20740646 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/em.20601 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20740646 Abstract Tobacco smoking is a major world health problem. Recently, waterpipe smoking has become more popular in many countries. Although the genotoxicity associated with cigarette smoking has been extensively investigated, studies evaluating such toxicity in waterpipe users are still lacking. In this study, we examined the genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking in lymphocytes compared with the genotoxicity of cigarette smoking. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) assay. Fifty waterpipe smokers and 18 healthy nonsmokers participated in this study. Additionally, 18 heavy cigarette smokers (CS) were recruited for comparison. The results show that waterpipe smoking and cigarette smoking significantly increase the frequencies of SCEs (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley-Liss, Inc Data Source Authors Khabour,O.F., Alsatari,E.S., Azab,M., Alzoubi,K.H., Sadiq,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100825 PMCID Editors
The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking	2011	School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Browning Hall 112, 3820 DeSoto Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152-3340, United States. wmaziak@memphis.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 36 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 1 Other Pages 5 Notes LR: 20141202; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS234502; OID: NLM: NIHMS234502; OID: NLM: PMC4135081; 2010/07/15 [receive Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 20888700 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.030 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20888700 Abstract In the past decade waterpipe (WP) smoking (a.k.a. hookah, shisha, and narghile) has been steadily spreading among the youth around the world. The allure of this tobacco use method for the youth can stem from its pleasant smooth smoke, social ambience and the perception of reduced harm. The material in this review is based on detailed Medline search for articles appearing especially in the past two years that are of relevance to WP epidemiology, health and addictive effects, and WP-related tobacco control policies. It shows that WP smoking is continuing to spread among the youth worldwide, and perhaps represents the second global tobacco epidemic since the cigarette. Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of current (past month) WP smoking range from 6 to 34% among Middle Eastern adolescents, 5%-17% among American adolescents, and that WP use is increasing globally. Studies on the health effects of WP smoking are limited by methodological quality, as well as by the novelty of WP epidemic relative to the long latency of important smoking-related health outcomes. Still, research indicates substantial WP harmful effects similar to those of cigarettes, as well as to the potential of providing a bridge to cigarette smoking or relapse. Developing effective interventions to curb WP use among the youth requires a detailed understanding of how dependence develops in WP users, and how it is shaped by WP's unique features such as the following; the predominantly intermittent use with prolonged sessions, preparation time, accessibility, potent sensory cues, and convivial experience of group use. It also requires assessing effective policy options such as factual and visible health warnings on all its parts, as well as youth access and indoor smoking restrictions. WP smoking is currently showing all signs of a burgeoning global epidemic with serious implications for public health and tobacco control worldwide. Investment in research and policy initiatives to understand and curb WP use needs to become a public health priority. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101008 PMCID PMC4135081 Editors

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