Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health | 2015 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Oral health & preventive dentistry
Periodical, Abbrev.
Oral Health.Prev.Dent.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
13
Issue
3
Start Page
253
Other Pages
259
Notes
JID: 101167768; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1602-1622; 1602-1622
Accession Number
PMID: 25197731
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM
DOI
10.3290/j.ohpd.a32671 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25197731
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the effect of waterpipe smoking on periodontal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 190 participants who were categorised into four groups; cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, dual smokers and nonsmokers. Intraoral examination included plaque (PI), gingival (GI) and calculus (CI) indices, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). RESULTS: The four groups differed significantly in the prevalence and extent of periodontal disease. Pairwise comparison tests showed that the means of percentages of sites with PPD > 3 mm, PPD > 4 mm, CAL > 1 mm and bleeding on probing were significantly higher among smoking groups compared to the nonsmoking group (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is not an alternative, safe way of smoking considering periodontal disease. Thus, global actions against waterpipe smoking are required.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Bibars,A.R., Obeidat,S.R., Khader,Y., Mahasneh,A.M., Khabour,O.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Assessment of genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking using 8-OHdG biomarker | 2015 | Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan azabmohd@yahoo.com.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Genetics and molecular research : GMR
Periodical, Abbrev.
Genet.Mol.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
14-Aug
Volume
14
Issue
3
Start Page
9555
Other Pages
9561
Notes
JID: 101169387; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Mutagens); 88847-89-6 (8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine); G9481N71RO (Deoxyguanosine); epublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1676-5680; 1676-5680
Accession Number
PMID: 26345888
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.4238/2015.August.14.18 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26345888
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity, particularly among young adults. This popularity is related to the lack knowledge regarding the health effects of waterpipe smoking. In this study, we examined the genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking using an 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay. Genotoxicity was evaluated in the saliva, urine, and serum of 66 waterpipe adult smokers and 46 healthy nonsmokers. The level of addiction to waterpipe smoking was evaluated using the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11. Levels of 8-OHdG in the samples were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Levels of 8-OHdG in the saliva (52,430 +/- 2923 vs 48,430 +/- 4189 pg/mL), urine (2815 +/- 312 vs 2608 +/- 180 pg/mL), and serum (19,720 +/- 202 vs 19,670 +/- 254 pg/mL) were similar between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers (P > 0.05). In addition, no correlations were found between dependence score and levels of 8-OHdG in all sample types. In conclusion, 8-OHdG is not a good biomarker for genotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Azab,M., Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Mahmoud,S.A., Anabtawi,M., Quttina,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150814
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| The Effect of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Learning and Memory Functions in the Rat Model | 2015 | Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan. khalzoubi@just.edu.jo.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science a | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Mol.Neurosci.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
57
Issue
2
Start Page
249
Other Pages
256
Notes
LR: 20160701; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9002991; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); NIHMS7
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1559-1166; 0895-8696
Accession Number
PMID: 26160697
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1007/s12031-015-0613-7 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26160697
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a global health hazard that kills about 5 million people annually. Waterpipe smoking is among the most popular methods of tobacco consumption worldwide. In this study, we investigated whether waterpipe smoking impairs learning and memory in the hippocampus, a question of special concern due to the particular popularity of waterpipe use among youth. Additionally, possible molecular targets for expected learning and memory impairment were determined. In this study, rats were exposed to waterpipe smoke (WTS) by whole body exposure 1 h x 5 days/week, for 1 month, and outcomes were compared to a control group exposed only to fresh air. Outcomes included spatial learning and memory using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) and oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio). We found that WTS exposure led to impaired short- and long-term memory. This impairment was accompanied by reduced hippocampal activity of catalase, SOD, GPx, GSH, and GSH/GSSG, elevated GSSG, thus marked changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, there is reason for concern that WTS exposure may impair cognitive ability.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Alharahshah,E.A., Alhashimi,F.H., Shihadeh,A., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150711
PMCID
PMC4575272
Editors
|
|||
| Maternal waterpipe smoke exposure and the risk of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood: A post hoc analysis | 2015 | Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon (Pulmonology Department).; Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon (Faculty of Pharmacy). pascalesalameh1@hotmail.com. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Occup.Med.Environ.Health
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
28
Issue
1
Start Page
147
Other Pages
156
Notes
CI: This work is available in Open Access model and licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 PL license.; JID: 9437093; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Poland
ISSN/ISBN
1896-494X; 1232-1087
Accession Number
PMID: 26159955
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00316 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26159955
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This analysis was conducted with the objective of evaluating association between waterpipe passive smoking exposure and asthma, and allergies among Lebanese children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were taken from a crosssectional study on children from public and private schools. A sample of 22 schools participated in the study, where standardized written core questionnaires were distributed. From 5 to 12-year-old students filled in the questionnaires at home, while 13-14-year-old students filled it in in the class. In total, 5522 children were evaluated for the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema, and their associated factors, including waterpipe exposure due to parents' smoking. RESULTS: The descriptive results of parental smoking were, as follows: among mothers: 1609 (29%) mothers smoked cigarettes, 385 (7%) smoked waterpipe and 98 (1.8%) smoked both; among fathers: 2449 (44.2%) smoked cigarettes, 573 (10.3%) smoked waterpipe and 197 (3.5%) smoked both. Maternal waterpipe smoking was significantly and moderately associated with allergic diseases (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Waked,M., Salameh,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Predictors of intention to quit waterpipe smoking: a survey of arab americans in houston, Texas | 2015 | Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, Texas Medical Center, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, Texas Medical Center, University of Houston, 1441 | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of addiction
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Addict.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
2015
Issue
Start Page
575479
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150401; JID: 101602563; OID: NLM: PMC4364118; 2014/08/28 [received]; 2015/01/24 [revised]; 2015/02/19 [accepted]; 2015/03/04 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Egypt
ISSN/ISBN
2090-7834; 2090-7850
Accession Number
PMID: 25821629
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1155/2015/575479 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25821629
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking has been described as "the second global tobacco epidemic since the cigarette." Both Middle Eastern ethnicity and having a friend of Middle Eastern ethnicity have been reported as significant predictors of waterpipe smoking. Addressing waterpipe smoking in this ethnic minority is essential to controlling this growing epidemic in the US. We investigated the predictors of an intention to quit waterpipe smoking by surveying 340 Arab American adults in the Houston area. Primary analyses were conducted using stepwise logistic regression. Only 27% of participants reported having an intention to quit waterpipe smoking. Intention to quit waterpipe smoking was significantly higher with history of cigar use, a prior attempt to quit, and not smoking when seriously ill and significantly lower with increasing age, medium cultural acceptability of using waterpipe among family, high cultural acceptability of using waterpipe among friends, longer duration of smoking sessions, and perceiving waterpipe smoking as less harmful than cigarettes. Educational programs that target Arab Americans in general, and specifically older adults, those who smoke waterpipe for more than 60 minutes, those whose family and friends approve waterpipe smoking, and those with no former attempts to quit, may be necessary to increase the intention to quit waterpipe smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Athamneh,L., Sansgiry,S.S., Essien,E.J., Abughosh,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150304
PMCID
PMC4364118
Editors
|
|||
| Promotion of waterpipe tobacco use, its variants and accessories in young adult newspapers: a content analysis of message portrayal | 2015 | Division of Health Promotion and Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA and Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA kster | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Health education research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Health Educ.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
30
Issue
1
Start Page
152
Other Pages
161
Notes
LR: 20160715; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: 1R03CA159909-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P20 MD006737/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA159909/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA180934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R24 HD041041/HD/N
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1465-3648; 0268-1153
Accession Number
PMID: 24957675
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; T
DOI
10.1093/her/cyu035 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24957675
Abstract
The objective of our study was to identify waterpipe tobacco smoking advertisements and those that promoted a range of products and accessories used to smoke waterpipe tobacco. The content of these advertisements was analyzed to understand the messages portrayed about waterpipe tobacco smoking in young adult (aged 18-30) newspapers. The study methods include monitoring of six newspapers targeting young adults from four major cities in the Southeastern United States over a 6-month period. A total of 87 advertisements were found; 73.5% (64) were distinct and content analyzed. The study results showed that of the advertisements analyzed, 25% advertised waterpipe tobacco smoking, 54.7% featured waterpipe tobacco smoking and other tobacco use, 14.1% featured non-tobacco waterpipe variants (i.e. vaporizers), and 6.3% featured waterpipe apparatus accessories (e.g. charcoal, hoses). The sociability (34%) and sensuality (29.7%) of waterpipe smoking were promoted themes. Alternative to cigarette use messages (3.1%), and harm-reduction messages (17.1%) emphasized that smoking waterpipe tobacco using the featured accessory or waterpipe variant was a healthier experience than cigarette smoking. The study concluded that the messages that promoted waterpipe tobacco smoking to young adults are parallel to those used to promote cigarette use. Tobacco control professionals should continue to monitor young adult newspapers as a source of waterpipe-related advertising.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press
Data Source
Authors
Sterling,K.L., Fryer,C.S., Majeed,B., Duong,M.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140623
PMCID
PMC4296886
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe use among high school students in Ontario: Demographic and substance use correlates | 2015 | Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. hayley.hamilton@camh.ca. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique
Periodical, Abbrev.
Can.J.Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
12-Mar
Volume
106
Issue
3
Start Page
e121
Other Pages
6
Notes
JID: 0372714; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/29 [received]; 2015/01/24 [accepted]; 2015/03/13 [revised]; epublish
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1920-7476; 0008-4263
Accession Number
PMID: 26125237
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.17269/cjph.106.4764 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26125237
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine waterpipe use and its association with demographic factors, tobacco cigarette smoking, ever use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and alcohol use among high school students. METHODS: Data were derived from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a school-based survey of 7th to 12th grade students. This province-wide survey was based on a stratified two-stage cluster design. Analyses were based on a subsample of 2,873 high school students and included adjustments for the complex sample design. RESULTS: Overall, 12.5% of high school students (grades 9-12) had used a waterpipe in the previous year. Awareness of waterpipes was high - 68.4% of students reported that they were aware of waterpipes but had not used one in the past year; 19.1% had never heard of waterpipes or hookah. The percentage of high school students reporting waterpipe use in the past year was similar to reports of tobacco cigarette use (12.5% and 11% respectively). Waterpipe use was highly associated with past-year tobacco cigarette and regular alcohol use as well as ever use of e-cigarettes. In multivariate analyses, males and females had similar odds of waterpipe use, and non-White students and those in higher grades had greater odds of use after controlling for other substance use. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that waterpipe use among high school students should be of some concern and suggest the need for policy measures to address potential risks associated with use.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hamilton,H.A., Ferrence,R., Boak,A., O'Connor,S., Mann,R.E., Schwartz,R., Adlaf,E.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150312
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe Smoking and Regulation in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature | 2015 | College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. lhaddad@ufl.edu.; Social and Behavioral Health Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 East Main Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. elshahwyo@vcu.edu.; School of Nursing, Virgi | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of environmental research and public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
29-May
Volume
12
Issue
6
Start Page
6115
Other Pages
6135
Notes
LR: 20150701; JID: 101238455; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC4483691; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/02 [received]; 2015/05/20 [revised]; 2015/05/25 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1660-4601; 1660-4601
Accession Number
PMID: 26110330
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review; IM
DOI
10.3390/ijerph120606115 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26110330
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Researchers in tobacco control are concerned about the increasing prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the United States, which may pose similar risks as cigarette smoking. This review explores the prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the United States as well as the shortcomings of current U.S. policy for waterpipe control and regulation. METHODS: Researchers conducted a literature review for waterpipe articles dated between 2004 and 2015 using five online databases: MEDLINE, CINHAHL, ScienceDirect, PMC, and Cochrane Library. RESULTS: To date, few studies have explored the marketing and regulation of waterpipe smoking in the U.S., which has increased in the last ten years, especially among women, adolescents, and young adults. Data indicate that the majority of waterpipe smokers are unaware of the potential risks of use. In addition, current tobacco control policies do not address waterpipe smoking, enabling tobacco companies to readily market and sell waterpipe products to young adults, who are at risk for becoming lifelong smokers. CONCLUSION: Policy makers in the area of public health need to update existing tobacco regulations to include waterpipe smoking. Similarly, public health researchers should develop public health campaigns and interventions to address the increasing rates of waterpipe smoking in the United States.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Haddad,L., El-Shahawy,O., Ghadban,R., Barnett,T.E., Johnson,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150529
PMCID
PMC4483691
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe Use and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking Among Never-Smoking Youth | 2015 | Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Electronic address: spveeran@utmb.edu.; Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.; Depa | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
49
Issue
4
Start Page
502
Other Pages
511
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8704773; 2014/08/23 [received]; 2015/03/23 [revised]; 2015/03/23 [accepted]; 2015/07/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-2607; 0749-3797
Accession Number
PMID: 26143951
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.035 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26143951
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Susceptibility to cigarette smoking, defined as the lack of a firm decision against smoking, is a strong predictor of regular smoking and addiction. Several modifiable risk factors have been identified among never cigarette smokers, and one potential factor of interest is waterpipe use. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of waterpipe use with susceptibility to cigarette smoking among never-smoking youth. METHODS: In a pooled analysis of 17 Arab nations with nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted during 2002-2011, tobacco-related information was obtained from 30,711 never-smoking adolescents representing 4,962,872 youth. Study outcome was susceptibility to cigarette smoking, and primary exposure was waterpipe use. Data were analyzed in 2014 using weighted logistic regression models, including stratified models by gender, to determine the odds of susceptibility to cigarette smoking with waterpipe use, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Overall, 20% of never-smoking youth were susceptible to cigarette smoking, ranging from 13.1% in Oman to 32.6% in Somalia; 5.2% currently used waterpipe, ranging from 0.3% in Morocco to 23.5% in Kuwait. The estimated odds of susceptibility to cigarette smoking were 2.5 (95% CI=1.9, 3.4) times higher for adolescents who used waterpipe in the past month compared with those who did not, controlling for confounders. Estimates were similar when stratified by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe use is associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking. Study findings identify a novel risk factor for never smokers to initiate smoking and will help the public health community develop and implement policies around waterpipe use prevention.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Veeranki,S.P., Alzyoud,S., Kheirallah,K.A., Pbert,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150703
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe industry products and marketing strategies: analysis of an industry trade exhibition | 2015 | Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.; Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sc | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
24
Issue
e4
Start Page
e275
Other Pages
9
Notes
LR: 20160529; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: R01 CA091021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United Stat
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 26149455
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052254 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26149455
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Understanding product development and marketing strategies of transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) has been of vital importance in developing an effective tobacco control policy. However, comparatively little is known of the waterpipe tobacco industry, which TTCs have recently entered. This study aimed to gain an understanding of waterpipe tobacco products and marketing strategies by visiting a waterpipe trade exhibition. METHODS: In April 2014, the first author attended an international waterpipe trade exhibition, recording descriptions of products and collecting all available marketing items. We described the purpose and function of all products, and performed a thematic analysis of messages in marketing material. RESULTS: We classified waterpipe products into four categories and noted product variation within categories. Electronic waterpipe products (which mimic electronic cigarettes) rarely appeared on waterpipe tobacco marketing material, but were displayed just as widely. Claims of reduced harm, safety and quality were paramount on marketing materials, regardless of whether they were promoting consumption products (tobacco, tobacco substitutes), electronic waterpipes or accessories. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe products are diverse in nature and are marketed as healthy and safe products. Furthermore, the development of electronic waterpipe products appears to be closely connected with the electronic cigarette industry, rather than the waterpipe tobacco manufacturers. Tobacco control policy must evolve to take account of the vast and expanding array of waterpipe products, and potentially also charcoal products developed for waterpipe smokers. We recommend that tobacco substitutes be classified as tobacco products. Continued surveillance of the waterpipe industry is warranted.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Nakkash,R.T., Hawkins,B., Akl,E.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150706
PMCID
PMC4884454
Editors
|
|||