WTS database

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Comparison of CO, PAH, Nicotine, and Aldehyde Emissions in Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Generated Using Electrical and Charcoal Heating Methods	2019	Mechanical Engineering Department , American University of Beirut , Beirut 1107 2020 , Lebanon.; Mechanical Engineering Department , American University of Beirut , Beirut 1107 2020 , Lebanon.; Mechanical Engineering Department , American Univer(TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemical research in toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Chem.Res.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form 6-May Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20190506; JID: 8807448; 2019/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]; 2019/05/01 06:00 [medline]; 2019/05/01 06:00 [entrez]; aheadofprint Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-5010; 0893-228X Accession Number PMID: 31038931 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00045 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 31038931 Abstract Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) has been characterized as a global epidemic. Waterpipe smoke has been shown to contain and deliver significant doses of many of the toxicants known to cause cancer, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases in cigarette smokers. It has also been shown that the charcoal used to heat the tobacco contributes most of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbon monoxide (CO) found in the smoke, two major causative agents in smoking-related lung cancer and heart disease, respectively. Possibly as a result of growing awareness of charcoal as a toxicant source, electrical heating elements (EHEs) are being marketed for waterpipe use as reduced harm charcoal substitutes. We measured thermal performance characteristics (tobacco burned, total aerosolized particulate matter) and toxicant emissions in WTS generated using three commercially available waterpipe EHEs and charcoal to examine the hypothesis that EHEs can function similarly to charcoal while presenting a reduced toxicant profile. Toxicants quantified included total particulate matter, nicotine, PAHs, CO, and volatile aldehydes delivered at the mouthpiece when the waterpipe was machine smoked using a standard protocol. We found that while EHEs involved an 80% reduction in total PAH and a 90% reduction in CO emissions, they also resulted in a several-fold increase in the potent respiratory toxicant acrolein. These mixed findings underscore the complexity of toxicant reduction by product manipulation and suggest that marketing EHEs as reduced harm products may be misleading. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El Hourani,M., Talih,S., Salman,R., Karaoghlanian,N., Karam,E., El Hage,R., Saliba,N.A., Shihadeh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20190506 PMCID Editors
Comparison of Cytotoxic Effect of Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoking on Human Buccal Mucosa	2017	Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form 5-Dec Volume 8 Issue Start Page 98 Other Pages Notes LR: 20181113; JID: 101535380; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/01/30 00:00 [received]; 2017/07/02 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/01/02 06:00 [entrez]; 2018/01/02 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/01/02 06:01 [medline]; epublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-7802; 2008-7802 Accession Number PMID: 29291040 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_62_17 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29291040 Abstract Background: The evidences on cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking are very rare and controversial. The aim was to compare the cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking on human buccal mucosa cells. Methods: The study was case-control. Feulgen-stained samples of exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were evaluated. The cytology slides of 25 cigarette smoker, 25 waterpipe smoker, and 25 individuals in the never smoked were examined. The number of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis in 1000 cells/subject were counted. Exposing to cigarette and waterpipe smoke was considered by the number of pack x years. Results: There were significant differences among the groups in terms of karyolysis and pyknosis while there was no significant difference among the cigarette smokers group and waterpipe smokers group in terms of karyorrhexis (P = 0. 01). The cytotoxicity effect of cigarette smoking was not significantly correlated to time exposure (r = 0.099, P = 0.637). The cytotoxicity effect of waterpipe smoking was significantly correlated to time exposure (r = -370, P = 0.044). Conclusions: The cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells was significantly higher than nonsmokers. The effect of cigarette smoking on cellular death was higher than waterpipe. The cytotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking was dose dependent. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Naderi,N.J., Pasha,M.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20171205 PMCID PMC5738785 Editors
Comparison of patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe between beginning and established smokers	2005		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 5 Issue Start Page 19 Other Pages 19 Notes ID: 15733316 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: To compare patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe smoking between university students (beginning smokers) and cafe customers (established smokers) in Aleppo Syria, in order to explore the evolution of this smoking method. METHODS: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted among representative samples of university students (total 587, 48.4% men, mean age 22 years), and waterpipe users among cafe' customers (total 268, 60% men, mean age 30 years) in Aleppo, Syria. We used interviewer-administered questionnaire inquiring about pattern of waterpipe smoking (initiation, frequency), situational characteristics of use (partner, place, sharing), beliefs related to waterpipe smoking (harmful/addictive properties of waterpipe), attitudes related to waterpipe smoking (confidence in quitting, will to quit, motivation for quitting, past year quit attempt), and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Daily and regular patterns of smoking become more prevalent with increased duration of smoking, but intermittent smoking remains the predominant pattern of waterpipe use. Women seem to be drawn later to the habit, which seem to escape the usual taboo against women's cigarette smoking. Patterns and context of waterpipe use tend to change with progress of the practice affecting frequency, setting, and sharing of waterpipe. Unlike beginners, established waterpipe smokers seem more smoking-method oriented, more hooked on the habit, less willing to quit, and less likely to foresee challenges to quitting. CONCLUSION: Use patterns and attitudes related to waterpipe smoking evolve to accommodate the change in dependence and life circumstances of the smoker. Most of use features, beliefs, attitudes, as well as time-course seem unique to this smoking method requiring novel approach to intervention. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Restaurants, Smoking/psychology, Social Perception, Students/psychology, Universities, Activities of Daily Living/psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/epidemiology, Questionnaires, Syria/epidemiology, Time Factors, Water Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC553967/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Asfar,Taghrid, Ward,Kenneth D., Eissenberg,Thomas, Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of puff topography, toxicant exposure, and subjective effects in low- and high-frequency waterpipe users: a double-blind, placebo-control study	2015	Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC;; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV;; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;; Department of Mechanical	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 17 Issue 6 Start Page 667 Other Pages 674 Notes LR: 20160701; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: F31DA028102/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Flavoring A Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25257982 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu196 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25257982 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Clinical laboratory work among intermittent and daily waterpipe tobacco smokers has revealed significant risks for tobacco dependence and disease associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS). No studies have compared these groups directly. This study examined whether WTS frequency was associated with differential puff topography, toxicant exposure, and subjective response using a placebo-control design. METHODS: Eighty participants reporting WTS of 2-5 episodes (LOW; n = 63) or >/=20 episodes (HIGH; n = 17) per month for >/=6 months completed 2 double-blind, counterbalanced 2-hr sessions that were preceded by >/=12hr of tobacco abstinence. Sessions differed by product smoked ad libitum for 45+ min: preferred brand/flavor of waterpipe tobacco (active) or a flavor-matched tobacco-free waterpipe product (placebo). Outcomes included puff topography, plasma nicotine, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and subjective response. RESULTS: HIGH users had more puffs, shorter inter-puff-intervals, and a higher total puff volume for placebo relative to active, as well as relative to LOW users during placebo. Plasma nicotine concentrations increased when smoking active (but not placebo) with no significant differences between groups at 25min post-product administration. COHb increased significantly during all conditions; the largest increase was for HIGH users when smoking placebo. There was some evidence of higher baseline scores for nicotine/tobacco nicotine abstinence symptomology. CONCLUSIONS: Higher frequency waterpipe users may be more sensitive to the effects of waterpipe smoke nicotine content. Among HIGH users, higher baseline nicotine/tobacco abstinence symptoms may indicate greater nicotine dependence. These data support continued surveillance of WTS and development of dependence measures specific to this product. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Cobb,C.O., Blank,M.D., Morlett,A., Shihadeh,A., Jaroudi,E., Karaoghlanian,N., Kilgalen,B., Austin,J., Weaver,M.F., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140925 PMCID PMC4838047 Editors
Comparison of tobacco-containing and tobacco-free waterpipe products: effects on human alveolar cells	2014	Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 16 Issue 4 Start Page 496 Other Pages 499 Notes LR: 20150422; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Smoke); OID: NLM: PMC4007115; 2013/12/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24302635 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt193 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24302635 Abstract INTRODUCTION: In recent years, a class of products marketed as "tobacco-free" alternatives for the "health conscious user" has become widely available for waterpipe (hookah, narghile, or shisha) smoking. Their adoption may be in part driven by regulations banning tobacco smoking in public places and by an increasing awareness of the hazards of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Although these products are presented in advertising as a "healthier" choice, very little is known about their health effects. METHODS: In this study, we compared the effects of smoke generated with tobacco-free and conventional tobacco-derived products on human alveolar cells. Smoke was generated with a smoking machine that precisely mimicked the puffing behavior of 15 experienced waterpipe smokers when they used conventional waterpipe tobacco products of their choice and flavor-matched tobacco-free products. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were treated with particulate matter sampled from the smoke, and the effects on cell cycle, proliferation, and doubling time were measured during the subsequent 72hr. RESULTS: We found that smoke from both types of waterpipe products markedly reduced cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, and increased cell doubling time. There were no significant differences across product in any measure. CONCLUSION: Tobacco-free and tobacco-based waterpipe products exert substantial and similar deleterious effects on human lung cells. This study adds to the nascent evidence base indicating that except for exposure to nicotine and its derivatives, use of tobacco-free waterpipe products does not present a reduced health risk relative to the use of conventional tobacco-based products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shihadeh,A., Eissenberg,T., Rammah,M., Salman,R., Jaroudi,E., El-Sabban,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131203 PMCID PMC4007115 Editors
Comparison of toxicant load from waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among young adults in the USA	2018	Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of (TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 16-May Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20180518; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/12/23 00:00 [received]; 2018/03/08 00:00 [revised]; 2018/03/21 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/05/19 06:00 [entr Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 29773707 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI tobaccocontrol-2017-054226 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29773707 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To form population-level comparisons of total smoke volume, tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine consumed from waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and cigarette smoking using data from a nationally representative sample of smokers and non-smokers aged 18-30 years. METHODS: In March and April 2013, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3254 US young adults to assess the frequency and volume of WTS and cigarette smoking. We used Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 repetitions to estimate the proportions of toxicants originating from WTS and cigarette smoking. Analyses incorporated survey weights and used recent meta-analytic data to estimate toxicant exposures associated with WTS and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Compared with the additive estimates of WTS and cigarette smoking combined, 54.9% (95% CI 37.5% to 72.2%) of smoke volume was attributed to WTS. The proportions of tar attributable to WTS was 20.8% (95% CI 6.5% to 35.2%), carbon monoxide 10.3% (95% CI 3.3% to 17.3%) and nicotine 2.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: WTS accounted for over half of the tobacco smoke volume consumed among young US adult waterpipe and cigarette smokers. Toxicant exposures to tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine were lower, but still substantial, for WTS alone compared with WTS and cigarette smoking. Public health and policy interventions to reduce harm from tobacco smoking in young US adults should explicitly address WTS toxicant exposures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Primack,B.A., Shensa,A., Sidani,J.E., Tulikangas,M.C., Roberts,M.S., Colditz,J.B., Mor,M.K., James,A.E., Fine,M.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20180516 PMCID Editors
Comparison of toxicant load from waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among young adults in the USA	2018	Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of (TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 16-May Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20180518; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/12/23 00:00 [received]; 2018/03/08 00:00 [revised]; 2018/03/21 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/05/19 06:00 [entr Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 29773707 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI tobaccocontrol-2017-054226 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29773707 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To form population-level comparisons of total smoke volume, tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine consumed from waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and cigarette smoking using data from a nationally representative sample of smokers and non-smokers aged 18-30 years. METHODS: In March and April 2013, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3254 US young adults to assess the frequency and volume of WTS and cigarette smoking. We used Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 repetitions to estimate the proportions of toxicants originating from WTS and cigarette smoking. Analyses incorporated survey weights and used recent meta-analytic data to estimate toxicant exposures associated with WTS and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Compared with the additive estimates of WTS and cigarette smoking combined, 54.9% (95% CI 37.5% to 72.2%) of smoke volume was attributed to WTS. The proportions of tar attributable to WTS was 20.8% (95% CI 6.5% to 35.2%), carbon monoxide 10.3% (95% CI 3.3% to 17.3%) and nicotine 2.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: WTS accounted for over half of the tobacco smoke volume consumed among young US adult waterpipe and cigarette smokers. Toxicant exposures to tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine were lower, but still substantial, for WTS alone compared with WTS and cigarette smoking. Public health and policy interventions to reduce harm from tobacco smoking in young US adults should explicitly address WTS toxicant exposures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Primack,B.A., Shensa,A., Sidani,J.E., Tulikangas,M.C., Roberts,M.S., Colditz,J.B., Mor,M.K., James,A.E., Fine,M.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20180516 PMCID Editors
Comparison of toxicant load from waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among young adults in the USA	2018	Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of (TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 16-May Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20180518; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/12/23 00:00 [received]; 2018/03/08 00:00 [revised]; 2018/03/21 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/05/19 06:00 [entr Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 29773707 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI tobaccocontrol-2017-054226 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29773707 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To form population-level comparisons of total smoke volume, tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine consumed from waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and cigarette smoking using data from a nationally representative sample of smokers and non-smokers aged 18-30 years. METHODS: In March and April 2013, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3254 US young adults to assess the frequency and volume of WTS and cigarette smoking. We used Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 repetitions to estimate the proportions of toxicants originating from WTS and cigarette smoking. Analyses incorporated survey weights and used recent meta-analytic data to estimate toxicant exposures associated with WTS and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Compared with the additive estimates of WTS and cigarette smoking combined, 54.9% (95% CI 37.5% to 72.2%) of smoke volume was attributed to WTS. The proportions of tar attributable to WTS was 20.8% (95% CI 6.5% to 35.2%), carbon monoxide 10.3% (95% CI 3.3% to 17.3%) and nicotine 2.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: WTS accounted for over half of the tobacco smoke volume consumed among young US adult waterpipe and cigarette smokers. Toxicant exposures to tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine were lower, but still substantial, for WTS alone compared with WTS and cigarette smoking. Public health and policy interventions to reduce harm from tobacco smoking in young US adults should explicitly address WTS toxicant exposures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Primack,B.A., Shensa,A., Sidani,J.E., Tulikangas,M.C., Roberts,M.S., Colditz,J.B., Mor,M.K., James,A.E., Fine,M.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20180516 PMCID Editors
Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique	2015	Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, P.O. Box 35247, Amman, 11180, Jordan. akeel.alkazwini@gju.edu.jo.; Scientific Research Centre, Applied Science Sector, Royal Scientific Society, Amman,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-Feb Volume 15 Issue Start Page 153 Other Pages 015-1373-6 Notes LR: 20151111; JID: 100968562; 0 (Metals); 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC4335555; 2014/05/22 [received]; 2015/01/07 [accepted]; 2015/02/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25884883 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1373-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25884883 Abstract BACKGROUND: The number of waterpipe tobacco smokers has been increasing worldwide. Smokers can be exposed to a number of toxicants, some of which are metals. The aim of this study is to quantitatively determine if the water filtration stage of the waterpipe smoking process successfully decreases exposure to Bi, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and U. METHODS: Four samples of commercially available tobacco (Moassel) were compared in terms of the total amount of metal contained within the fresh tobacco sample and the amount of metal distributed into each compartment of the waterpipe after a smoking session. RESULTS: For all metals analysed, the concentration of metal 'filtered' out during the water bubbling stage is around 3% (+/-1%) of the total metal. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that this small fraction would not protect the user against exposure to the majority of the potentially toxic metals. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Kazwini,A.T., Said,A.J., Sdepanian,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150218 PMCID PMC4335555 Editors
Concurrent alcohol use and waterpipe tobacco smoking: smoking topography, toxicant exposure, and abuse liability	2019		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & Tobacco Research Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tobacco Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source google Authors Leavens, Eleanor LS, Morgan, Taylor L, Brett, Emma I, Patzkowsky, Kelsey, Son, Jessica, Molina, Neil, Eissenberg, Thomas, Shihadeh, Alan, Leffingwell, Thad R, Wagener, Theodore L Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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