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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Short-term nose-only water-pipe (shisha) smoking exposure accelerates coagulation and causes cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in mice | 2015 | Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Cell.Physiol.Biochem.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
35
Issue
2
Start Page
829
Other Pages
840
Notes
CI: (c) 2015; JID: 9113221; 0 (Interleukin-6); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); 0 (interleukin-6, mouse); 2014/10/29 [accepted]; 2015/01/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1421-9778; 1015-8987
Accession Number
PMID: 25634761
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1159/000369741 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25634761
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Water-pipe smoking (WPS) has acquired worldwide popularity, and is disseminating particularly rapidly in Europe and North America. However, little is known about the short-term cardiovascular effects of WPS. METHODS: Presently, we assessed the short-term cardiovascular effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS in BALB/c mice for 30 min/day for 5 consecutive days. Control mice were exposed to air. At the end of the exposure period, several cardiovascular endpoints were measured. RESULTS: WPS did not affect the number of leukocytes and the plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Likewise, plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were not affected by WPS. By contrast, WPS aggravated in vivo thrombosis by shortening the thrombotic occlusion time in pial arterioles and venules. The number of circulating platelets was reduced by WPS suggesting the occurrence of platelet aggregation in vivo. Elevated concentrations of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were seen after the exposure to WPS. Blood samples taken from mice exposed to WPS and exposed to adenosine diphosphate showed more platelet aggregation. The heart concentrations of IL-6 and TNFalpha were augmented by WPS. Likewise, heart levels of LPO, reactive oxygen species and the antioxidants catalase and GSH were increased by WPS. However, the systolic blood pressure and heart rate were not affected by WPS. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that short-term exposure to WPS exerts procoagulatory effects and induce cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress. At the time point investigated, there was no evidence for blood inflammation or oxidative stress.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
S. Karger AG, Basel
Data Source
Authors
Nemmar,A., Yuvaraju,P., Beegam,S., Ali,B.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150130
PMCID
Editors
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| Nose-only water-pipe smoking effects on airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice | 2013 | Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Appl.Physiol.(1985)
Pub Date Free Form
1-Nov
Volume
115
Issue
9
Start Page
1316
Other Pages
1323
Notes
JID: 8502536; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Interleukin-6); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase); GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1522-1601; 0161-7567
Accession Number
PMID: 23869065
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.00194.2013 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23869065
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is a common practice in the Middle East and is now gaining popularity in Europe and the United States. However, there is a limited number of studies on the respiratory effects of WPS. More specifically, the underlying pulmonary pathophysiological mechanisms related to WPS exposure are not understood. Presently, we assessed the respiratory effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey flavored "moasel" tobacco. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/wk for 1 mo. Control mice were exposed to air only. Here, we measured in BALB/c mice the airway resistance using forced-oscillation technique. Lung inflammation was assessed histopathologically and by biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and oxidative stress was evaluated biochemically by measuring lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and several antioxidant enzymes. Pulmonary inflammation assessment showed an increase in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers. Likewise, airway resistance was significantly increased in the WPS group compared with controls. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 concentrations were significantly increased in BAL fluid. Lipid peroxidation in lung tissue was significantly increased whereas the level and activity of antioxidants including reduced glutathione, glutathione S transferase, and superoxide dismutase were all significantly decreased following WPS exposure, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, carboxyhemoglobin levels were significantly increased in the WPS group. We conclude that 1-mo nose-only exposure to WPS significantly increased airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the limited clinical studies that reported the detrimental respiratory effects of WPS.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nemmar,A., Raza,H., Yuvaraju,P., Beegam,S., John,A., Yasin,J., Hameed,R.S., Adeghate,E., Ali,B.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130718
PMCID
Editors
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| Cardiovascular effects of nose-only water-pipe smoking exposure in mice | 2013 | Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American journal of physiology.Heart and circulatory physiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Physiol.Heart Circ.Physiol.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Sep
Volume
305
Issue
5
Start Page
H740
Other Pages
6
Notes
JID: 100901228; 0 (Cytokines); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/06/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1522-1539; 0363-6135
Accession Number
PMID: 23812392
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1152/ajpheart.00200.2013 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23812392
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is a major type of smoking in Middle Eastern countries and is increasing in popularity in Western countries and is perceived as relatively safe. However, data on the adverse cardiovascular effects of WPS are scarce. Here, we assessed the cardiovascular effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey-flavored "moasel" tobacco in BALB/c mice. The duration of the session was 30 min/day for 1 mo. Control mice were exposed to air. WPS caused a significant increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in vivo (+13 mmHg) and plasma concentrations of IL-6 (+30%) but not that of TNF-alpha. Heart concentrations of IL-6 (+184%) and TNF-alpha (+54%) were significantly increased by WPS. Concentrations of ROS (+95%) and lipid peroxidation (+27%) were significantly increased, whereas those of GSH were decreased (-21%). WPS significantly shortened the thrombotic occlusion time in pial arterioles (-46%) and venules (40%). Plasma von Willebrand factor concentrations were significantly increased (+14%) by WPS. Erythrocyte numbers (+15%) and hematocrit (+17%) were significantly increased. Blood samples taken from mice exposed to WPS and exposed to ADP showed significant platelet aggregation compared with air-exposed mice. WPS caused a significant shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time (-45%) and prothrombin time (-13%). We conclude that 1-mo nose-only exposure to WPS increased SBP and caused cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and prothrombotic events. Our findings provide plausible elucidation that WPS is injurious to the cardiovascular system.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nemmar,A., Yuvaraju,P., Beegam,S., John,A., Raza,H., Ali,B.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130628
PMCID
Editors
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| The pharmacological effect of fractions obtained by smoking cannabis through a water-pipe. II. A second fractionation step | 1980 | Dept. Biol. Chem., Med. Sch., Univ. Athens | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Experientia
Periodical, Abbrev.
Experientia
Pub Date Free Form
1980/
Volume
36
Issue
12
Start Page
1407
Other Pages
1408
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0014-4754
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
The catatonic activity, prolongation of phenobarbital sleeping-time, convulsant action and disruption of nest building activity were assessed in mice subjected to 4 cannabis pyrolysis products and their tobacco analogues. All but one of the cannabis fractions prolonged the pentobarbital sleeping-time and disrupted the nest-building activity of mice in a way not related to their content in the main cannabinoids. Nest-building activity seems to be the most valid assay we have used so far.
Descriptors
cannabinol derivative, cannabis, phenobarbital, phenytoin, placebo, tetrahydrocannabinol, animal experiment, behavior, catatonia, central nervous system, convulsion, drug screening, mouse, sleep time, epanutin
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Lazaratou,H., Moschovakis,A., Armaganidis,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Water-pipe smoking and pulmonary functions | 2000 | Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Chest Department, Izmir, Turkey. kiter@superonline.com | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Respiratory medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Respir.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
94
Issue
9
Start Page
891
Other Pages
894
Notes
LR: 20041117; JID: 8908438; ppublish
Place of Publication
ENGLAND
ISSN/ISBN
0954-6111; 0954-6111
Accession Number
PMID: 11001082
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
S0954-6111(00)90859-X [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
11001082
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking is a type of smoking habit, widely encountered in Turkey and Arabic and Middle East countries. However there is limited data about the effects of water-pipe smoking. The aim of this study is to investigate this habit with regard to the duration and amount of smoking and to analyse its characteristics and effects on pulmonary function by the correlation of the results with those of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. All cafes in Izmir city were visited for this purpose. A total of 397 males were studied in four groups: water-pipe smokers, water-pipe smokers who used to smoke cigarettes, active cigarette smokers and non-smokers. After recording a detailed history of smoking, pulmonary function tests on each person were performed. There were statistically significant differences between cigarette smokers and non-smokers within most of the parameters. The results of recent study have shown that the detrimental effects on pulmonary function of water-pipe smoking are not as great as cigarette smoking (FEV1, FEV1/FVC parameters were higher in water-pipe smokers), especially on the parameters for small airways (FEF50, MMEF parameters were higher in water-pipe smokers) (P < 0.05). It is difficult to explain the reasons exactly without estimating possible mechanisms in detail, but the most likely mechanisms arise from the smoking technique itself which involves a water filter and a long spout through which the smoke passes before reaching the lungs.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology, Humans, Life Style, Lung Diseases, Obstructive/etiology/physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Respiratory Function Tests, Smoking/adverse effects/physiopathology, Turkey, Vital Capacity/physiology
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kiter,G., Ucan,E. S., Ceylan,E., Kilinc,O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Experimentation with and knowledge regarding water-pipe tobacco smoking among medical students at a major university in Brazil | 2014 | Heart Institute, Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; Heart Institute, Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; Heart Institute, Hospital das Clinicas, Schoo | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Bras.Pneumol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar-Apr
Volume
40
Issue
2
Start Page
102
Other Pages
110
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 101222274; OID: NLM: PMC4083634; 2013/12/09 [received]; 2014/03/12 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1806-3756; 1806-3713
Accession Number
PMID: 24831393
Language
eng; por
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
S1806-37132014000200102 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24831393
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Water-pipe tobacco smoking is becoming increasingly more common among young people. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the use of water pipes and other forms of tobacco use, including cigarette smoking, among medical students, as well as to examine the attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of those students regarding this issue. METHODS: We administered a questionnaire to students enrolled in the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The respondents were evaluated in their third and sixth years of medical school, between 2008 and 2013. Comparisons were drawn between the two years. RESULTS: We evaluated 586 completed questionnaires. Overall, the prevalence of current cigarette smokers was low, with a decline among males (9.78% vs. 5.26%) and an increase among females (1.43% vs. 2.65%) in the 3rd and 6th year, respectively. All respondents believed that health professionals should advise patients to quit smoking. However, few of the medical students who smoked received physician advice to quit. Experimentation with other forms of tobacco use was more common among males (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Martins,S.R., Paceli,R.B., Bussacos,M.A., Fernandes,F.L., Prado,G.F., Lombardi,E.M., Terra-Filho,M., Santos,U.P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4083634
Editors
|
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| Water-pipe smoking: A threat never realized | 2006 | Jawaid, A., Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Pak.Med.Assoc.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
56
Issue
7
Start Page
341
Other Pages
342
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0030-9982
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
carbon dioxide, nicotine, smoking, disease association, health hazard, human, letter, prevalence, rural population, smoking and smoking related phenomena, socioeconomics, tobacco dependence, urban area, water pipe smoking
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Jawaid,A., Aftab,O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| The effects of water-pipe, cigarette and passive smoking on mucociliary clearance | 2006 | Köseoǧlu, N., Taşkent, 35040 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tuberkuloz ve Toraks
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tuberk.Toraks
Pub Date Free Form
2006/
Volume
54
Issue
3
Start Page
222
Other Pages
228
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0494-1373
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of water-pipe smoking on lung mucociliary clearance system using radioaerosol ventilation scintigraphy and compare with cigarette and passive smoking and determine the level of exposure to tobacco smoke by measuring urinary cotinine in each group. Volunteer water-pipe only and cigarette only smokers from various cafés in Izmir city and passive smokers as control group were included in the study after exclusion and inclusion criteria. The ages, type of smoking, duration and daily amount of tobacco smoked and the medical histories of the volunteers were noted down. The pulmonary function tests (PFT), technetium-99m inhalation scintigraphy and urinary cotinine measurement with enzyme immunassay (EIA) and were performed for each participant. Twenty water-pipe smokers, 23 cigarette smokers and 15 passive smokers were included into the study. There were no statistically significant differences among the mean ages, BMI and PFT parameters of all participants in study and control groups. Mucociliary clearance rates in terms of retention ratio after 1 hour and radioactivity half-life for each lung was lowest in the water-pipe smokers compared to others. Mucociliary clearance rate also decreased in the cigarette smokers compared to passive smokers. The differences in the mucociliary clearance rates among groups were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Urinary cotinine levels were highest in the cigarette smokers and higher in water-pipe smokers compared to passive smokers as statistically significant. As a conclusion mucociliary clearance rates decrease with tobacco smoking, being more prominent in water-pipe smokers in our study.
Descriptors
cotinine, technetium 99m, article, body mass, controlled study, enzyme immunoassay, human, lung function test, mucociliary clearance, passive smoking, scintigraphy, urinalysis
Links
Book Title
Nargile, sigara ve pasif içiciliǧin mukosiliyer klerens üzerindeki etkileri
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Köseoǧlu,N., Aydin,A., Uçan,E. S., Ceylan,E., Eminoǧlu,Ö., Durak,H., Güven,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in water-pipe and cigarette smokers | 2010 | Lung Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria. theronansa@gmail.com | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde
Periodical, Abbrev.
S.Afr.Med.J.
Pub Date Free Form
29-Jan
Volume
100
Issue
2
Start Page
122
Other Pages
124
Notes
LR: 20140912; JID: 0404520; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); 2009/04/29 [received]; 2009/07/10 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
South Africa
ISSN/ISBN
0256-9574
Accession Number
PMID: 20459918
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20459918
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking is growing in popularity, especially among young people, because of the social nature of the smoking session and the assumption that the effects are less harmful than those of cigarette smoking. It has however been shown that a single water-pipe smoking session produces a 24-hour urinary cotinine level equivalent to smoking 10 cigarettes per day. AIM: We aimed to measure carboxyhaemoglogin (COHb) blood levels before and after water-pipe and cigarette smoking sessions. METHOD: Self-confessed smokers older than 18 years (N=30) volunteered to smoke a water-pipe or a cigarette and have their blood COHb levels measured under controlled conditions. RESULTS: Mean baseline COHb levels were 2.9% for the 15 cigarette smokers and 1.0% for the 15 water-pipe smokers. Levels increased by a mean of 481.7% in water-pipe smokers as opposed to 39.9% in cigarette smokers. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that water-pipe smokers had significantly higher increases in blood COHb levels than cigarette smokers during a single smoking session.
Descriptors
Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Carbon Dioxide/metabolism, Carboxyhemoglobin/metabolism, Cohort Studies, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Smoking/blood, South Africa, Tobacco/metabolism, Water, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Theron,A., Schultz,C., Ker,J. A., Falzone,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100129
PMCID
Editors
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| Smoking water-pipe, chewing nass and prevalence of heart disease: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Golestan Cohort Study, Iran | 2013 | One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Heart (British Cardiac Society)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Heart
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
99
Issue
4
Start Page
272
Other Pages
278
Notes
LR: 20150325; GR: C20/A5860/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: K01 TW009218/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: K01TW009218/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: ZIA CP000185-08/Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9602087; 0 (Plant Extracts); 64706-31-6
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-201X; 1355-6037
Accession Number
PMID: 23257174
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302861 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23257174
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Water-pipe and smokeless tobacco use have been associated with several adverse health outcomes. However, little information is available on the association between water-pipe use and heart disease (HD). Therefore, we investigated the association of smoking water-pipe and chewing nass (a mixture of tobacco, lime and ash) with prevalent HD. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Baseline data (collected in 2004-2008) from a prospective population-based study in Golestan Province, Iran. PARTICIPANTS: 50 045 residents of Golestan (40-75 years old; 42.4% men). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ORs and 95% CIs from multivariate logistic regression models for the association of water-pipe and nass use with HD prevalence. RESULTS: A total of 3051 (6.1%) participants reported a history of HD, and 525 (1.1%) and 3726 (7.5%) reported ever water-pipe or nass use, respectively. Heavy water-pipe smoking was significantly associated with HD prevalence (highest level of cumulative use vs never use, OR=3.75; 95% CI 1.52 to 9.22; p for trend=0.04). This association persisted when using different cut-off points, when restricting HD to those taking nitrate compound medications, and among never cigarette smokers. There was no significant association between nass use and HD prevalence (highest category of use vs never use, OR=0.91; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.20). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests a significant association between HD and heavy water-pipe smoking. Although the existing evidence suggesting similar biological consequences of water-pipe and cigarette smoking make this association plausible, results of our study were based on a modest number of water-pipe users and need to be replicated in further studies.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Islami,F., Pourshams,A., Vedanthan,R., Poustchi,H., Kamangar,F., Golozar,A., Etemadi,A., Khademi,H., Freedman,N.D., Merat,S., Garg,V., Fuster,V., Wakefield,J., Dawsey,S.M., Pharoah,P., Brennan,P., Abnet,C.C., Malekzadeh,R., Boffetta,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20121220
PMCID
PMC3671096
Editors
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