Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort descending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Water-pipe tobacco smoking among school children in Israel: frequencies, habits, and attitudes] | 2003 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Harefuah
Periodical, Abbrev.
Harefuah
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
142
Issue
11
Start Page
736
Other Pages
41, 807
Notes
ID: 14631902
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
he
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking via a water-pipe (Nargile) is a new phenomena among school children in Israel in recent years. Water-pipe tobacco has the potential for nicotine addiction, for other smoking-related damages and for drug abuse. GOALS: Our primary goal was to characterize the frequencies of water-pipe smoking among school children in Israel, its distribution according to age, gender, habits and attitudes. The secondary goal was to compare its use to cigarette smoking among these school children. METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire was distributed among 388 school children (ages 12-18 years old) in grades A, and C, of middle schools and grade B of high schools in a central region of Israel. The questionnaires were answered unanimously and the process was conducted in classes by the school teacher and by nursing school students. RESULTS: Among all school children in this study, 41% smoke a water-pipe at various frequencies. Of all the children, 22% smoke at least every weekend. Water-pipe smoking was 3 times more frequent than cigarette smoking and was almost equally distributed among both genders, but girls were heavier smokers than boys, of either water pipe or cigarette smoking. Six percent of water-pipe smokers add psychoactive drugs or alcohol to the tobacco. The main reasons for water-pipe smoking were the pleasure achieved and the intimacy that it adds to the youngsters' meetings. Ninety percent of all the school children believe that water-pipe smoking is not healthy, but at least 50% believes it is less harmful than cigarettes. According to school children that smoke water-pipes at least every weekend, 40% of their parents are current or ex-smokers of water-pipes, in contrast with 10% of parents to non-smoking children and about a quarter of the children who smoke also do so together with their parents. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking via water-pipes is a very common phenomena among middle and high school children in Israel. Girls are heavier smokers and adding drugs or alcohol to water-pipe tobacco is a fact. School children and their parents perceive that tobacco smoking via water-pipe is much safer than cigarette smoking. These alarming findings call upon the need for aggressive intervention by the Ministries of Education and Health, as well as the Anti-Drug Authority. More rigorous efforts should be implemented in terms of education and dissemination of the data regarding known hazards among schoolteachers, parents and school children. Further research is also necessary in order to prevent other ominous and camouflaged modalities of nicotine addiction at an early age.
Descriptors
Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Attitude to Health, Child, Female, Health Education, Humans, Incidence, Israel/epidemiology, Male, Nicotine, Sex Characteristics, Students, Nursing, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control, Questionnaires, Water
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-14631902
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Varsano,Shabtai, Ganz,Irit, Eldor,Naomi, Garenkin,Mila
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in water-pipe and cigarette smokers | 2010 | Lung Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria. theronansa@gmail.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde
Periodical, Abbrev.
S.Afr.Med.J.
Pub Date Free Form
29-Jan
Volume
100
Issue
2
Start Page
122
Other Pages
124
Notes
LR: 20140912; JID: 0404520; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); 2009/04/29 [received]; 2009/07/10 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
South Africa
ISSN/ISBN
0256-9574
Accession Number
PMID: 20459918
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20459918
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking is growing in popularity, especially among young people, because of the social nature of the smoking session and the assumption that the effects are less harmful than those of cigarette smoking. It has however been shown that a single water-pipe smoking session produces a 24-hour urinary cotinine level equivalent to smoking 10 cigarettes per day. AIM: We aimed to measure carboxyhaemoglogin (COHb) blood levels before and after water-pipe and cigarette smoking sessions. METHOD: Self-confessed smokers older than 18 years (N=30) volunteered to smoke a water-pipe or a cigarette and have their blood COHb levels measured under controlled conditions. RESULTS: Mean baseline COHb levels were 2.9% for the 15 cigarette smokers and 1.0% for the 15 water-pipe smokers. Levels increased by a mean of 481.7% in water-pipe smokers as opposed to 39.9% in cigarette smokers. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that water-pipe smokers had significantly higher increases in blood COHb levels than cigarette smokers during a single smoking session.
Descriptors
Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Carbon Dioxide/metabolism, Carboxyhemoglobin/metabolism, Cohort Studies, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Smoking/blood, South Africa, Tobacco/metabolism, Water, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Theron,A., Schultz,C., Ker,J. A., Falzone,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100129
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Cardiovascular effects of nose-only water-pipe smoking exposure in mice | 2013 | Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American journal of physiology.Heart and circulatory physiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Physiol.Heart Circ.Physiol.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Sep
Volume
305
Issue
5
Start Page
H740
Other Pages
6
Notes
JID: 100901228; 0 (Cytokines); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/06/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1522-1539; 0363-6135
Accession Number
PMID: 23812392
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1152/ajpheart.00200.2013 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23812392
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is a major type of smoking in Middle Eastern countries and is increasing in popularity in Western countries and is perceived as relatively safe. However, data on the adverse cardiovascular effects of WPS are scarce. Here, we assessed the cardiovascular effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey-flavored "moasel" tobacco in BALB/c mice. The duration of the session was 30 min/day for 1 mo. Control mice were exposed to air. WPS caused a significant increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in vivo (+13 mmHg) and plasma concentrations of IL-6 (+30%) but not that of TNF-alpha. Heart concentrations of IL-6 (+184%) and TNF-alpha (+54%) were significantly increased by WPS. Concentrations of ROS (+95%) and lipid peroxidation (+27%) were significantly increased, whereas those of GSH were decreased (-21%). WPS significantly shortened the thrombotic occlusion time in pial arterioles (-46%) and venules (40%). Plasma von Willebrand factor concentrations were significantly increased (+14%) by WPS. Erythrocyte numbers (+15%) and hematocrit (+17%) were significantly increased. Blood samples taken from mice exposed to WPS and exposed to ADP showed significant platelet aggregation compared with air-exposed mice. WPS caused a significant shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time (-45%) and prothrombin time (-13%). We conclude that 1-mo nose-only exposure to WPS increased SBP and caused cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and prothrombotic events. Our findings provide plausible elucidation that WPS is injurious to the cardiovascular system.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nemmar,A., Yuvaraju,P., Beegam,S., John,A., Raza,H., Ali,B.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130628
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Chinese water-pipe smoking and the risk of COPD | 2014 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Chest
Periodical, Abbrev.
Chest
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
146
Issue
4
Start Page
924
Other Pages
31
Notes
ID: 24557573
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies show that the incidence of COPD has remained high in southwest China despite the 1976 National Stove Improvement Program for indoor air quality. Chinese water-pipe tobacco smoking (commonly referred to as water-pipe smoking), which is thought to be less harmful under the assumption that no charcoal is used and water filters tobacco smoke, is popular in China. We investigated whether Chinese water-pipe use and exposure are associated with the risk of COPD. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study enrolled 1,238 individuals from 10 towns in the Fuyuan area, Yunnan Province, China. A matched design was used to estimate the impact of active and passive exposure to Chinese water-pipe smoking on COPD risk; multivariate analyses adjusted for other risk factors. We also collected the water from Chinese water pipes to assess the mutagenicity of its major components and simulated Chinese water-pipe smoke exposure fine particulate 2.5 (PM2.5) by using the High Volume Air Sampler and individuals' sera to search for the potential protein biomarkers of COPD. RESULTS: The increased risk of COPD was profound for Chinese water-pipe smokers (adjusted OR, 10.61; 95% CI, 6.89-16.34), Chinese water-pipe passive smokers (adjusted OR, 5.50; 95% CI, 3.61-8.38), cigarette smokers (adjusted OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 2.06-4.91), and cigarette passive smokers (adjusted OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.62-3.91) compared with never-smoking control subjects. Chinese water-pipe use aggravates lungs with more PM2.5 compared with cigarettes. ChemR23 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 may be potential protein biomarkers of COPD. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese water-pipe smoking significantly increases the risk of COPD, including the risk to women who are exposed to the water-pipe smoke. TRIAL REGISTRY: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; No.: ChiCTR-CCH-12002235; URL: www.chictr.org/cn/
Descriptors
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-1499
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
She,Jun, Yang,Ping, Wang,Yuqi, Qin,Xinyu, Fan,Jia, Wang,Yi, Gao,Guangsuo, Luo,Guangxiong, Ma,Kaixiang, Li,Baoyan, Li,Caihua, Wang,Xiangdong, Song,Yuanlin, Bai,Chunxue
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Chronic Exposure to Water-Pipe Smoke Induces Alveolar Enlargement, DNA Damage and Impairment of Lung Function | 2016 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Cell Physiol Biochem
Periodical, Abbrev.
Cell.Physiol.Biochem.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
38
Issue
3
Start Page
982
Other Pages
92
Notes
ID: 26938718
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Epidemiological evidence indicates that water-pipe smoking (WPS) adversely affects the respiratory system. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects are not well understood. Recent experimental studies reported the occurrence of lung inflammation and oxidative stress following acute and subacute exposure to WPS. Here, we wanted to verify the extent of inflammation and oxidative stress in mice chronically-exposed to WPS and to evaluate, for the first time, its effect on alveolar injury and DNA damage and their association with impairment of lung function. METHODS: Mice were nose-only exposed to mainstream WPS (30 min/day; 5 days/week for 6 consecutive months). Control mice were exposed using the same protocol to atmospheric air only. At the end of the exposure period, several respiratory parameters were assessed. RESULTS: In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, WPS increased neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers, lactate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase and matrix metallopeptidase 9 activities, as well as several proinflammatory cytokines. In lung tissue, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione were all increased by WPS exposure. Along with oxidative stress, WPS exposure significantly increased lung DNA damage index. Histologically the lungs of WPS-exposed mice had foci of mixed inflammatory cells infiltration in the interalveolar interstitium which consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. Interestingly, we found dilated alveolar spaces and alveolar ducts with damaged interalveolar septae, and impairment of lung function following WPS exposure. CONCLUSION: We show the persistence of lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice chronically-exposed to WPS and demonstrate, for the first time, the occurrence of DNA damage and enlargement of alveolar spaces and ducts associated with impairment of lung function. Our findings provide novel mechanistic elucidation for the long-term effects of WPS on the respiratory system.
Descriptors
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443050
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nemmar,Abderrahim, Al-Salam, Suhail, Yuvaraju,Priya, Beegam,Sumaya, Yasin,Javed, Ali,Badreldin H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Cigarette, Water-pipe, and Medwakh Smoking Prevalence Among Applicants to Abu Dhabi's Pre-marital Screening Program, 2011 | 2013 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Int J Prev Med
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
4
Issue
11
Start Page
1290
Other Pages
5
Notes
ID: 24404364
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study assesses self-reported tobacco use prevalence (cigarette, water-pipe, and medwakh) among applicants to Abu Dhabi's Premarital Screening program during 2011. METHODS: Premarital Screening data reported to the Health Authority - Abu Dhabi from April to December 2011 were utilized to estimate tobacco use prevalence among applicants. Smoking prevalence was examined by nationality, age group and gender. RESULTS: Overall, 24.7% of Premarital Screening Program applicants were current smokers; 11.5% smoked cigarettes, 5.9% smoked medwakh (hand-held pipe), 4.8% smoked water-pipe and 2.5% smoked a combination (more than one type). Men (19.2%) were more likely than women (3.5%) to be current cigarette smokers. Women were much less likely to smoke medwakh (0.1%) than men (11.5%), with male UAE Nationals having the highest medwakh smoking prevalence (16.1%). The overall prevalence of water-pipe smoking was 6.8% among men and 2.8% for women with the highest water-pipe smoking prevalence (10.2%) among Arab expatriate men. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in tobacco use prevalence among Premarital Screening Program applicants reflect preferences for different modes of tobacco consumption by nationality, age group and gender. Enforcement of tobacco control laws, including implementation of clean indoor air laws and tobacco tax increases, and targeted health education programs are required to reduce tobacco consumption and concomitant tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.
Descriptors
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3883254/?tool=pubmed
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Aden,Bashir, Karrar,Sara, Shafey,Omar, Al Hosni, Farida
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of cigarette and water-pipe smoking by Arab and non-Arab-American youth | 2008 | College of Nursing, Center for Health Research, Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. ac3844@wayne.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
35
Issue
4
Start Page
334
Other Pages
339
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: HD37498-R01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-01A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS69686; OID: NLM: NIHMS69686; OID: NLM: PMC2575814; 2007/01/16 [received]; 2008/04/09 [revised]; 2008/06/16 [accepted]; 2
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0749-3797; 0749-3797
Accession Number
PMID: 18675529
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.037 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18675529
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Water-pipe smoking is a rapidly growing form of tobacco use worldwide. Building on an earlier report of experimentation with cigarette and water-pipe smoking in a U.S. community sample of Arab-American youth aged 14-18 years, this article examines water-pipe smoking in more detail (e.g., smoking history, belief in harmfulness compared to cigarettes, family members in home who smoke water pipes) and compares the water-pipe-smoking behaviors of Arab-American youth with non-Arab-American youth in the same community. METHODS: A convenience sample of 1872 Arab-American and non-Arab-American high school students from the Midwest completed a 24-item tobacco survey. Data were collected in 2004-2005 and analyzed in 2007-2008. RESULTS: Arab-American youth reported lower percentages of ever cigarette smoking (20% vs 39%); current cigarette smoking (7% vs 22%); and regular cigarette smoking (3% vs 15%) than non-Arab-American youth. In contrast, Arab-American youth reported significantly higher percentages of ever water-pipe smoking (38% vs 21%) and current water-pipe smoking (17% vs 11%) than non-Arab-American youth. Seventy-seven percent perceived water-pipe smoking to be as harmful as or more harmful than cigarette smoking. Logistic regression showed that youth were 11.0 times more likely to be currently smoking cigarettes if they currently smoked water pipes. Youth were also 11.0 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers if they currently smoked cigarettes. If one or more family members smoked water pipes in the home, youth were 6.3 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers. The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to determine the percentages, patterns, and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth. Additionally, youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs need to focus attention on water-pipe smoking in order to further dispel the myth that water-pipe smoking is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Arabs, Chi-Square Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle East/ethnology, Midwestern United States/epidemiology, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology, Surveys and Questionnaires
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Weglicki,L. S., Templin,T. N., Rice,V. H., Jamil,H., Hammad,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080803
PMCID
PMC2575814
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Periodontal Status Between Habitual Water-Pipe Smokers and Cigarette Smokers | 2016 | Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.; Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Environmental Medicine, | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of periodontology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Periodontol.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
87
Issue
2
Start Page
142
Other Pages
147
Notes
JID: 8000345; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1943-3670; 0022-3492
Accession Number
PMID: 26430928
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
10.1902/jop.2015.150235 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26430928
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of studies that have compared clinical and radiologic markers of periodontal inflammation between water-pipe smokers (WPs) and cigarette smokers (CSs). The aim of the present study is to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal status between habitual WPs and CSs. METHODS: In total, 200 males (50 WPs, 50 CSs, and 100 controls) with comparable mean age and education were included. Demographic information was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL], and marginal bone loss [MBL]) and numbers of missing teeth (MT) were recorded. RESULTS: The duration of each smoking session for WPs and CSs was 50.2 +/- 6.7 and 15.3 +/- 0.4 minutes, respectively. Number of MT [P /=4 mm [P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Javed,F., Al-Kheraif,A.A., Rahman,I., Millan-Luongo,L.T., Feng,C., Yunker,M., Malmstrom,H., Romanos,G.E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151002
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Current tobacco and water-pipe smoking enhance human cancer invasion and metastasis | 2013 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Int J Cancer
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Cancer
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
132
Issue
4
Start Page
990
Other Pages
1
Notes
ID: 22821434
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27744
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mfoumou,Etienne, Li,Zhang, Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| effect of meassel water-pipe smoking versus cigarette smoking on pulmonary arterial pressure and left ventricular and right ventricular function indices in COPD patients, an echodoppler study | 2000 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty Girls] The]
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
21
Issue
1
Start Page
649
Other Pages
686
Notes
ID: 63456
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
english
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
This study included 165 COPD heavy smoker patients with a mean age of 59.9 +/- 8.9 year referred for echo Doppler and cardiac assessment. They were divided according to their type of smoked material into three groups; cigarette smoker group, meassel water-pipe smoker group and cigarette and water-pipe smoker group. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of echo Doppler abnormalities in those patients looking for any specific pattern induced by meassel. The results have shown that the common effects of the whole smoker groups when compared to the non-smoker group were as follows: Severe reduction in FEV 1/FVC%, arterial pO2 reduction, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, right ventricular diastolic dysfunction, impaired index of global right ventricular function, decreased pulmonary acceleration time and right ventricular enlargement. However, water-pipe smoker group if compared to cigarette smoker group showed more aggressive pulmonary obstruction, more degree of pulmonary hypertension, more right ventricular enlargement and more deterioration of right ventricular global function index. In conclusion, the hazards of heavy water-pipe meassel smoking on echo Doppler, FEV1/FVC% and arterial blood gases indices are not only similar to those of heavy cigarette smoking but also it cause more respiratory obstruction, more pulmonary hypertension and more deleterious effect on right ventricular size and global function
Descriptors
Humans, Male, Female, Smoking/physiology, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Pulmonary Heart Disease, Respiratory Function Tests, Blood Gas Analysis, Echocardiography, Pulmonary Emphysema
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-63456
Book Title
Database
GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mazen,Adel Ahmed, Oraby,Sabah Saad
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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