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Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Charcoal emissions as a source of CO and carcinogenic PAH in mainstream narghile waterpipe smoke	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 46 Issue 9 Start Page 2991 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 18573302 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Burning charcoal is normally placed atop the tobacco to smoke the narghile waterpipe. We investigated the importance of charcoal as a toxicant source in the mainstream smoke, with particular attention to two well-known charcoal emissions: carbon monoxide (CO) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). CO and PAH yields were compared when a waterpipe was machine smoked using charcoal and using an electrical heating element. The electrical heating element was designed to produce spatial and temporal temperature distributions similar to those measured using charcoal. With a popular type of ma'assel tobacco mixture, and using a smoking regimen consisting of 105 puffs of 530ml volume spaced 17s apart, it was found that approximately 90% of the CO and 75-92% of the 4- and 5-membered ring PAH compounds originated in the charcoal. Greater than 95% of the benzo(a)pyrene in the smoke was attributable to the charcoal. It was also found that the relative proportions of individual PAH species, the "PAH fingerprint", of the mainstream smoke were highly correlated to those extracted from the unburned charcoal (R(2)>0.94). In contrast, there was no correlation between the PAH fingerprint of the electrically heated and charcoal-heated conditions (R(2)<0.02). In addition to inhaling toxicants transferred from the tobacco, such as nicotine, "tar", and nitrosamines, waterpipe smokers thus also inhale large quantities of combustion-generated toxicants. This explains why, despite the generally low temperatures attained in the narghile tobacco, large quantities of CO and PAH have been found in the smoke. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis, Carcinogens/toxicity, Charcoal/analysis, Polycyclic Compounds/analysis, Polycyclic Compounds/toxicity, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/metabolism, Hot Temperature, Temperature, Tobacco/chemistry Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.031 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Monzer,Bassel, Sepetdjian,Elizabeth, Saliba,Najat, Shihadeh,Alan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of carcinogen, carbon monoxide, and ultrafine particle emissions from narghile waterpipe and cigarette smoking: Sidestream smoke measurements and assessment of second-hand smoke emission factors	2010	Aerosol Research Lab, Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994) Periodical, Abbrev. Atmos.Environ.(1994) Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 44 Issue 1 Start Page 8 Other Pages 14 Notes GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9888534; NIHMS155344; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1352-2310; 1352-2310 Accession Number PMID: 20161525 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20161525 Abstract The lack of scientific evidence on the constituents, properties, and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke has fueled controversy over whether public smoking bans should include the waterpipe. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare emissions of ultrafine particles (UFP, <100 nm), carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile aldehydes, and carbon monoxide (CO) for cigarettes and narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipes. These smoke constituents are associated with a variety of cancers, and heart and pulmonary diseases, and span the volatility range found in tobacco smoke.Sidestream cigarette and waterpipe smoke was captured and aged in a 1 m(3) Teflon-coated chamber operating at 1.5 air changes per hour (ACH). The chamber was characterized for particle mass and number surface deposition rates. UFP and CO concentrations were measured online using a fast particle spectrometer (TSI 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer), and an indoor air quality monitor. Particulate PAH and gaseous volatile aldehydes were captured on glass fiber filters and DNPH-coated SPE cartridges, respectively, and analyzed off-line using GC-MS and HPLC-MS. PAH compounds quantified were the 5- and 6-ring compounds of the EPA priority list. Measured aldehydes consisted of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, methacrolein, and propionaldehyde.We found that a single waterpipe use session emits in the sidestream smoke approximately four times the carcinogenic PAH, four times the volatile aldehydes, and 30 times the CO of a single cigarette. Accounting for exhaled mainstream smoke, and given a habitual smoker smoking rate of 2 cigarettes per hour, during a typical one-hour waterpipe use session a waterpipe smoker likely generates ambient carcinogens and toxicants equivalent to 2-10 cigarette smokers, depending on the compound in question. There is therefore good reason to include waterpipe tobacco smoking in public smoking bans. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Daher,N., Saleh,R., Jaroudi,E., Sheheitli,H., Badr,T., Sepetdjian,E., Al Rashidi,M., Saliba,N., Shihadeh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2801144 Editors
Critical analysis of the published literature about the effects of narghile use on oral health	2015	Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.; Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia, Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Fa	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Libyan journal of medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Libyan J.Med. Pub Date Free Form 9-Nov Volume 10 Issue Start Page 30001 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151214; JID: 101299403; OID: NLM: PMC4641890; 2015 [ecollection]; epublish Place of Publication Sweden ISSN/ISBN 1819-6357; 1819-6357 Accession Number PMID: 26561406 Language eng SubFile Letter; IM DOI 10.3402/ljm.v10.30001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26561406 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khemiss,M., Rouatbi,S., Berrezouga,L., Ben Saad,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151109 PMCID PMC4641890 Editors
Elevated toxicant yields with narghile waterpipes smoked using a plastic hose	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 46 Issue 5 Start Page 1461 Other Pages 6 Notes ID: 18207299 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The effect of hose permeability on toxicant yields for the narghile waterpipe is investigated, with special reference to the recent adoption of plastic as a hose construction material. Measurements of air infiltration rates for 23 leather and plastic hoses representing 11 types commonly available in Beirut, Lebanon were made, revealing that while leather hoses allowed significant outside air infiltration during a puff constituting up to 31% of the puff volume, plastic hoses were found to be air-tight, indicating that the smoke reaching the waterpipe user can be considerably more concentrated when delivered via a plastic hose. Total particulate matter (TPM), nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) yields were compared when a waterpipe was machine smoked using a highly permeable leather and an air-tight plastic hose. It was found that the plastic hose resulted in similar yields of nicotine, but more than double the CO yielded with the highly permeable leather hose. Thus, even if narghile smokers titrate for nicotine intake, the use of a plastic hose will likely greatly increase the exposure to CO, a major causative agent in cardiovascular disease. Descriptors Plastics/chemistry, Plastics/toxicity, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco/chemistry, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Filtration, Nicotine/analysis, Particulate Matter/analysis Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.12.007 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Saleh,Rawad, Shihadeh,Alan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Factors related to frequency of narghile (waterpipe) use: The first insights on tobacco dependence in narghile users	2004	Maziak, W., Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, P.O. Box 16542, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 2004/10 Volume 76 Issue 1 Start Page 101 Other Pages 106 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0376-8716 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Aims: To evaluate factors related to level of narghile (waterpipe) use as a first step towards modeling tobacco dependence among narghile users. Design: Cross sectional survey done in 2003 using interviewer-administered anonymous questionnaires. Setting: Cafes/restaurants serving narghiles in Aleppo, Syria. Participants: Narghile smokers (161 men and 107 women; mean age, 30.1 Â± 10.2, 161; age range, 18-68 years; response rate, 95.3%) randomly selected from the 17 cafes/restaurants sampled. Measurements: Frequency of narghile use (daily, weekly, monthly) was assessed as a function of several factors potentially indicative of dependence, including situational characteristics (where, when, and with whom smoking occurs; seasonality of use, and sharing of narghile), attitudes, and experience with quitting narghile use, escalation of use over time, future intentions regarding use, perception of being "hooked" on narghile, and cognitions/behaviors engaged in to support use (carrying one's own narghile; think of narghile when it is not available; considering narghile for selection of cafes/restaurants). Findings: Frequency of narghile use was strongly correlated with participant's subjective judgment of how hooked they are on narghile (coefficient, 0.5). Predictors of narghile use frequency according to multinomial logistic regression were: male gender, smoking mainly alone versus with others; smoking mainly at home versus outside; smoking more frequently since initiation, being hooked on narghile, carrying narghile, and considering it for cafe/restaurant choice. Conclusions: Our data reveal two main domains of a tobacco dependence syndrome likely to be relevant to narghile; the first reflects the effects of nicotine contained in narghile tobacco, and is not very different from what is seen with other tobacco products, and the second is unique to narghile and is related mainly to its social dimension, with more intensive smokers showing an increasingly individual pattern of narghile smoking. Â© 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors adult, aged, article, behavior, catering service, cognition, correlation analysis, female, human, logistic regression analysis, male, prevalence, priority journal, questionnaire, smoking, Syrian Arab Republic, tobacco dependence, tube Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maziak,W., Ward,K. D., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Harm reduction techniques for hookah (shisha, narghile, "water pipe") smoking of tobacco based products	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Med Hypotheses Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Hypotheses Pub Date Free Form Volume 73 Issue 4 Start Page 623 Other Pages 4 Notes ID: 19628335 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Evidence-Based Medicine/trends, Harm Reduction, Smoking Cessation/methods, Smoking/prevention & control, Humans Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.016 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Chaouachi,Kamal Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Health warning labelling practices on narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories	2010	Health Behavior and Education Department, Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon. rima.nakkash@aub.edu.lb	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 19 Issue 3 Start Page 235 Other Pages 239 Notes LR: 20141203; JID: 9209612; OID: NLM: PMC2989164; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 20501497 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.031773 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20501497 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence is increasing around the globe despite current evidence that smoke emissions are toxic and contain carcinogenic compounds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate current health warning labelling practices on waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories. METHODS: All waterpipe tobacco products, as well as waterpipe accessories, were purchased from Lebanon and a convenience sample was obtained from Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Bahrain, Canada, Germany and South Africa. FINDINGS: Of the total number of waterpipe tobacco products collected from Lebanon, the majority had textual health warning labels covering on average only 3.5% of total surface area of the package. Misleading descriptors were commonplace on waterpipe tobacco packages and related accessories. CONCLUSIONS: There are no WHO FCTC compliant waterpipe-specific health warning labels on waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories. Introducing health warnings on waterpipe tobacco products and accessories will probably have worldwide public health benefits. Descriptors Global Health, Health Promotion/methods, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects/prevention & control, Product Labeling, Smoking/adverse effects/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nakkash,R., Khalil,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2989164 Editors
Hookah (narghile) smoking: a new emerging cause of secondary polycythemia	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Hematol Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Hematol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 86 Issue 8 Start Page 719 Other Pages 20 Notes ID: 21761441 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Polycythemia/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Anoxia/etiology, Anoxia/physiopathology, Carboxyhemoglobin/analysis, Humans, Male, Polycythemia/blood, Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis, Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajh.22064 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Tadmor,Tamar, Mishchenko,Elena, Polliack,Aaron, Attias,Dina Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hookah (shisha, narghile, "water pipe") indoor air contamination in German unrealistic experiment. Serious methodological biases and ethical concern	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 48 Issue 3 Start Page 992 Other Pages 5; author reply 996-7 Notes ID: 20109513 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Ethics, Research, Research Design, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Charcoal/chemistry, Humans, Publication Bias, Social Environment, Tobacco/chemistry, Ventilation, Water/chemistry Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.020 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Chaouachi,Kamal Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
hookah (shisha, narghile) and our teenagers in the USA and Europe	2003		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full J Egypt Soc Parasitol Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pediatr.Health Care Pub Date Free Form Volume 22; 33 Issue 4; 3 Start Page 270; author reply 270; 1087 Other Pages 270; author reply 270; 101 Notes TY: JOUR; ID: 18590877; ID: 15119472 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en; en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An interview survey was carried out in a rural village and two nearby schools in Qalyubia Governorate to assess the pattern of smoking and knowledge about religious ruling (Fatwa) and its impact on the quit attempts. Also, a similar survey was conducted in 6 Shisha cafÃ©s in Cairo. The results showed that the majority of respondents (81% among rural adults, 83.2% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 73.3% among rural youth and 81.4% among rural students) knew about the Fatwa on smoking. Higher proportions of all participants thought that smoking is a sin (97.3% among rural adults, 80.8% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 94.4% among rural youth and 98.4% among rural students). There was a significantly higher knowledge about Fatwa on smoking among men than women. This indicates a successful outreach program targeted mainly to men through mosques. Knowledge about Fatwa on smoking increased significantly with increased exposure to antismoking messages from religious leader. Knowledge about the Fatwa on smoking or belief that smoking is a sin had no significant effect on quit attempts. Our results point to the need for intensive efforts on the part of religious leaders to translate the current belief that smoking is a sin into quitting among smokers. Better results may be achieved through personal interactions in small groups rather than in mosque settings. Descriptors Smoking, Adolescent, Europe, Humans, United States, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Religion, Smoking/epidemiology, Adult, Child, Egypt/epidemiology, Female, Male, Restaurants, Rural Health, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2008.03.003; http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-15119472 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/; MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Chaouachi,Kamal, Radwan,Ghada N., Israel,Ebenezer, El-Setouhy,Maged, Abdel-Aziz,Fatma, Mikhail,Nabiel, Mohamed,Mostafa K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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