WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Effect of in-water recompression with oxygen to 6 msw versus normobaric oxygen breathing on bubble formation in divers	2009	Ecole de Plongee Marine Nationale, 83800 Toulon Armees, France. je.blatteau@infonie.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of applied physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 106 Issue 5 Start Page 691 Other Pages 695 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100954790; 059QF0KO0R (Water); S88TT14065 (Oxygen); 2009/04/15 [accepted]; 2009/05/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1439-6327; 1439-6319 Accession Number PMID: 19424716 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM DOI 10.1007/s00421-009-1065-y [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19424716 Abstract It is generally accepted that the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) from hyperbaric exposures is low when few or no bubbles are present in the circulation. To date, no data are available on the influence of in-water oxygen breathing on bubble formation following a provocative dive in man. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of post-dive hyperbaric versus normobaric oxygen breathing (NOB) on venous circulating bubbles. Nineteen divers carried out open-sea field air dives at 30 msw depth for 30 min followed by a 9 min stop at 3 msw. Each diver performed three dives: one control dive, and two dives followed by 30 min of hyperbaric oxygen breathing (HOB) or NOB; both HOB and NOB started 10 min after surfacing. For HOB, divers were recompressed in-water to 6 msw at rest, whereas NOB was performed in a dry room in supine position. Decompression bubbles were examined by a precordial pulsed Doppler. Bubble count was significantly lower for post-dive NOB than for control dives. HOB dramatically suppressed circulating bubble formation with a bubble count significantly lower than for NOB or controls. In-water recompression with oxygen to 6 msw is more effective in removing gas bubbles than NOB. This treatment could be used in situations of "interrupted" or "omitted" decompression, where a diver returns to the water in order to complete decompression prior to the onset of symptoms. Further investigations are needed before to recommend this protocol as an emergency treatment for DCS. Descriptors Adult, Decompression/adverse effects, Decompression Sickness/physiopathology/prevention & control, Diving/physiology, Embolism, Air/prevention & control, Humans, Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods, Immersion, Male, Middle Aged, Osmolar Concentration, Oxygen/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Oxygen Consumption/physiology, Respiration, Water, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Blatteau,J. E., Pontier,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090508 PMCID Editors
Ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake, adiposity, and circulating venous bubbles after diving	2002	Faculte des Sciences du Sport, Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France. carturan@wanadoo.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Physiol.(1985) Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 93 Issue 4 Start Page 1349 Other Pages 1356 Notes LR: 20130926; JID: 8502536; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 8750-7587; 0161-7567 Accession Number PMID: 12235035 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00723.1999 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12235035 Abstract Decompression sickness in diving is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, depending on several factors, such as decompression rate and individual susceptibility. The Doppler ultrasonic detection of circulating venous bubbles after diving is considered a useful index for the safety of decompression because of the relationship between bubbles and decompression sickness risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2 max)), and percent body fat on the production of bubbles after diving. Fifty male recreational divers performed two dives at 35 m during 25 min and then ascended in one case at 9 m/min and in the other case at 17 m/min. They performed the same decompression stops in the two cases. Twenty-eight divers were Doppler monitored at 10-min intervals, until 60 min after surfacing, and the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the effect of ascent rate on the kinetics of bubbles. Twenty-two divers were monitored 60 min after surfacing. The effect on bubble production 60 min after surfacing of the four variables was studied in 47 divers. The data were analyzed by multinomial log-linear model. The analysis showed that the 17 m/min ascent produced more elevated grades of bubbles than the 9 m/min ascent (P < 0.05), except at the 40-min interval, and showed relationships between grades of bubbles and ascent rate and age and interaction terms between VO(2 max) and age, as well as VO(2 max) and percent body fat. Younger, slimmer, or aerobically fitter divers produced fewer bubbles compared with older, fatter, or poorly physically fit divers. These findings and the conclusions of previous studies performed on animals and humans led us to support that ascent rate, age, aerobic fitness, and adiposity are factors of susceptibility for bubble formation after diving. Descriptors Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology, Adult, Aging/physiology, Decompression, Diving/adverse effects, Embolism, Air/etiology, Humans, Kinetics, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Time Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carturan,D., Boussuges,A., Vanuxem,P., Bar-Hen,A., Burnet,H., Gardette,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Nicotine content in tobacco used in hubble-bubble smoking	2004	Hadidi, K.A., Forensic Med./Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 25 Issue 7 Start Page 912 Other Pages 917 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: To determine the nicotine content of commonly used tobacco in hubble-bubble (HB) and compare it with that found in cigarettes. Methods: Analysis of nicotine content of 13 commercial brands of HB tobacco was carried out using gas chromatography over an 8 month period; November 2002 through to June 2003 at the Toxicology Laboratory, University of Jordan. Results: A wide variation in nicotine content in all brands was noticed with an average of 8.32 mg/g tobacco, range (1.8-44.3 mg/g). The average nicotine content in each HB head (20 gm) of unflavored tobacco was (713mg/head) and flavored tobacco has (67mg/head). One head of unflavored tobacco has nicotine equivalent to 70 regular cigarettes. The addition of adulterations; honey, glycerin and other flavors in the process of preparing the flavored (Mua'sel) tobacco contributes to lowering the nicotine content in each gram of flavored tobacco. Smoking one head of flavored (Mua'sel) tobacco which contains on average one third of nicotine presented in 20 cigarettes (204mg/pack) usually resulted in a higher plasma nicotine level by 20%. Conclusion: Hubble-bubble smokers are not at a lesser risk from smoking than cigarette smokers in relation to nicotine dependence. The inability of water to trap significant amounts of chemical substances present in tobacco (especially nicotine) and the danger which might result from the combustion of additives like; glycerin, honey and other flavors could be a very important factor to extrapolate the damage resulting from HB smoking. Descriptors flavoring agent, glycerol, nicotine, article, blood level, chemical analysis, chemical composition, smoking, clinical laboratory, combustion, controlled study, flavor, gas chromatography, honey, Jordan, risk assessment, tobacco dependence, toxicology, university Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Hadidi,K. A., Mohammed,F. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Presence of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine from the lungs at the active hydrophobic spots in the vasculature where bubbles are formed on decompression	2016	Israel Naval Medical Institute rarieli@netvision.net.il.; Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute and Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona.; Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Researc	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Physiol.(1985) Pub Date Free Form 11-Aug Volume Issue Start Page jap.00649.2016 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160812; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8502536; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/08/10 [accepted]; 2016/07/19 [received]; aheadofprint; SO: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2016 Aug 11:jap.00649.2016. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00649.2016. Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1522-1601; 0161-7567 Accession Number PMID: 27516538 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00649.2016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27516538 Abstract Most severe cases of decompression illness (DCI) are caused by vascular bubbles. We showed that there are active hydrophobic spots (AHS) on the luminal aspect of ovine blood vessels where bubbles are produced after decompression. It has been suggested that AHS may be composed of lung surfactant. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is the main component of lung surfactants. Blood samples and four blood vessels, the aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary vein and pulmonary artery, were obtained from 11 slaughtered sheep. Following exposure to 1013 kPa for 20.4 h, we started photographing the blood vessels 15 min after the end of decompression for a period of 30 min, to determine AHS by observing bubble formation. Phospholipids were extracted from AHS and from control tissue and plasma for determination of DPPC. DPPC was found in all blood vessel samples and all samples of plasma. The concentration of DPPC in the plasma samples (n = 8) was 2.04+/-0.90 microg/ml. The amount of DPPC in the AHS which produced four or more bubbles (n = 16) was 1.59+/-0.92 microg. This was significantly higher than the value obtained for AHS producing less than four bubbles and for control samples (n = 19) (0.97+/-0.61 microg, P = 0.027). DPPC leaks from the lungs into the blood, settling on the luminal aspect of the vasculature to create AHS. Determining the constituents of the AHS might pave the way for their removal, resulting in a dramatic improvement in diver safety. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Journal of Applied Physiology Data Source Authors Arieli,R., Khatib,S., Vaya,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160811 PMCID Editors
Patent foramen ovale and the risk of paradoxical embolization of venous bubbles in divers - cave for foam sclerotization of varicose veins	2012	Kardiologicka klinika. jakub.honek@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rozhledy v chirurgii : mesicnik Ceskoslovenske chirurgicke spolecnosti Periodical, Abbrev. Rozhl.Chir. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 91 Issue 7 Start Page 378 Other Pages 380 Notes JID: 9815441; ppublish Place of Publication Czech Republic ISSN/ISBN 0035-9351; 0035-9351 Accession Number PMID: 23078256 Language cze SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 38891 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23078256 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Foam sclerotization of varicose veins may cause paradoxical embolization through patent foramen ovale (PFO). The aim of our study was to: 1) select an optimal screening method for the detection of PFO; 2) determine the prevalence of PFO in a non-selected population; and 3) test the risk of paradoxical embolization of venous bubbles in patients with PFO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A diver after decompression is a suitable model for determining the risk of paradoxical embolization of venous gas bubbles. 329 Czech divers were screened for PFO. In a pilot study, we compared Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) with Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) in 100 patients. TCD alone was used for further screening. In 31 divers with PFO, nitrogen bubbles were detected after simulated dives. Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) was used to detect venous bubbles in right-sided heart chambers; TTE and TCD were used to detect arterial bubbles. The right-to-left shunt was rated as non-significant ( Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Honek,J., Honek,T., Januska,J., Sebesta,P., Novotny,S., Sefc,L., Fiedler,J., Sramek,M., Horvath,M., Parobkova,M. Original/Translated Title Perzistence foramen ovale patens a riziko paradoxni embolizace zilnich bublin u potapecu - cave pro sklerotizaci varixu penovou metodou URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bubble formation and decompression sickness on direct ascent from shallow air saturation diving	1993	Maritime Self-Defense Force, Undersea Medical Center, Yokosuka, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 64 Issue 2 Start Page 121 Other Pages 125 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 7501714; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 8431185 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8431185 Abstract To find the minimum supersaturation pressure for detectable bubble formation and for contraction of decompression sickness (DCS), three shallow air saturation dives at the depth of 6 m, 7 m, and 8 m were performed. The ultrasonic M-mode method was used for detecting bubbles. The exposure period was 3 d for all dives. Ten subjects were compressed to both 6 m and 7 m, and nine subjects were compressed to 8 m. One bubble streak was shown in the 6-m dive group. A small number of bubbles were seen in four subjects in the 7-m dive. All subjects in the 8-m dive presented various amounts of bubbles. DCS was not observed in the 6-m and 7-m dives. On the other hand, in the 8-m dive, four subjects suffered from DCS and required recompression treatment. The minimum depth for detectable bubble formation was assessed at around 6 m and the direct ascent from saturation at 8 m seems to have a high risk of DCS. Descriptors Adult, Decompression Sickness, Diving, Embolism, Air/etiology/ultrasonography, Humans, Male, Middle Aged Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ikeda,T., Okamoto,Y., Hashimoto,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Predictions: hubble bubble.	1986	Naughtie, J.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nursing times Periodical, Abbrev. Nurs.Times Pub Date Free Form / Volume 82 Issue 1 Start Page 18 Other Pages 19 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0954-7762 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors article, human, national health service, politics, United Kingdom Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Naughtie,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Narghile (hubble-bubble) smoking, low birth weight, and other pregnancy outcomes	1998	Nuwayhid, I.A., American University of Beirut, New York, NY 10022, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form 1998/08 Volume 148 Issue 4 Start Page 375 Other Pages 383 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0002-9262 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Narghile smoking, a common habit among women in many non-Western societies, is assumed by the public to be minimally harmful. This study aims at identifying the effect of smoking narghiles during pregnancy on the weight of the newborn and other pregnancy outcomes. Three groups of pregnant women were interviewed in several hospitals in Lebanon between 1993 and 1995: 106 who smoked narghiles during their pregnancy, 277 who smoked cigarettes, and 512 who did not smoke. The adjusted mean birth weight of babies born to women who smoked one or more narghiles a day during pregnancy and to women who started smoking in the first trimester was more than 100 g less than that of babies born to nonsmokers (p < 0.1). The adjusted odds ratio of having babies with low birth weight (<2,500 g) among the narghile smokers was 1.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-5.38). The risk increased to 2.62 (95% CI 0.90- 7.66) among those who started smoking narghiles in the first trimester. A stronger association and a dose-response relation were found among cigarette smokers. The association between narghile smoking and other pregnancy outcomes, especially Apgar score and respiratory distress, was also noticeable. Further research and a policy action to fight the misperception that narghile smoking is safe are both recommended. Descriptors adult, Apgar score, article, controlled study, female, fetus outcome, human, Lebanon, low birth weight, major clinical study, respiratory distress, risk assessment, risk factor, smoking Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Nuwayhid,I. A., Yamout,B., Azar,G., Kambris,M. A. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Nargile (Hubble-Bubble) smoking-induced hand eczema	2002	Onder, M., Ankara, Turkey	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of dermatology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Dermatol. Pub Date Free Form 2002/11 Volume 41 Issue 11 Start Page 771 Other Pages 772 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0011-9059 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors corticosteroid, urea, aged, anamnesis, article, case report, clinical examination, diagnostic test, differential diagnosis, finger nail, hand eczema, hand injury, hand palm, human, index finger, palmoplantar keratoderma, leisure, microbiological examination, patch test, physical examination, smoking cessation, smoking habit, thumb, yeast Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Onder,M., Oztas,M., Arnavut,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Carbon monoxide fractions in cigarette and hookah (hubble bubble) smoke.	1993	Sajid, K.M., Atomic Energy Medical Centre, Multan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JPMA.The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 43 Issue 9 Start Page 179 Other Pages 182 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0030-9982 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We studied the carbon monoxide (CO) fractions in hookah and cigarette smoke, using a carbon monoxide micro smokerlyzer (model EC50, BEDFONT, U.K.). Mean carbon monoxide fractions (% by volume) of hookah smoke, using domestic charcoal were 0.38 +/- 0.07 (large hookah; unfiltered); 1.40 +/- 0.43 (small hookah; unfiltered); 0.34 +/- 0.06 (large hookah; filtered); 1.36 +/- 0.35 (small hookah; filtered) and 0.41 +/- 0.08 (cigarette smoke). The highest fractions were obtained with small size hookah and increase in size of hookah (i.e., volume of air in water base, fire bowl volume, pipe length, etc.) reduced the CO fraction significantly (P < 0.001). The fractions of cigarette lie between large and small hookah. The fractions vary slightly with different varieties of tobacco, e.g., CO fractions with Dera wala tobacco are significantly low (P < 0.05). Use of commercial charcoal gives significant rise in CO fractions (P < 0.001). Comparison of filtered and unfiltered smoke shows no significant difference in values. We conclude that the CO hazard is as high with hookah smoking as with cigarette smoking. Descriptors carbon monoxide, article, plant, smoke, smoking, tobacco Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sajid,K. M., Akhter,M., Malik,G. Q. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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