WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of argileh (water pipe or hubble-bubble) and cigarette smoking among pregnant women in Lebanon	2004	Chaaya, M., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 29 Issue 9 Start Page 1821 Other Pages 1831 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0306-4603 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: Currently, little is known about argileh (water pipe or hubble-bubble) and cigarette smoking among pregnant women in the Arab world, despite emerging evidence on the adverse health effects of argileh smoking and well-established knowledge about the health risks of cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Objectives: The present study assesses pregnant Arab women's knowledge of chemical contents and related harmful effects of argileh and cigarettes, their attitudes towards smoking argileh and cigarettes, and their actual smoking of argileh and cigarettes, both before and during pregnancy. Methods: A stratified sample of 864 women from 23 health care centers in Lebanon completed a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Information was collected on basic demographic variables, women's knowledge, attitudes, and cigarette and argileh smoking. Results: Women were partially knowledgeable about the health risks of cigarette smoking, knew little about the harmful ingredients of argileh smoking, and had many misconceptions regarding how argileh worked or how it can produce harm. Attitudes were permissive towards all forms of smoking. Almost one quarter (23%) of participants reported smoking during pregnancy, with 17% smoking only cigarettes, 4% smoking only argileh, and 1.5% smoking both cigarette and argileh. Conclusion: A significant and growing percentage of pregnant Arab women are smoking in Lebanon, with four cigarette smokers for every argileh smoker. Smoking behaviors are empirically linked with important gaps in knowledge and with permissive attitudes. These data may be used to design more effective prevention programs targeting this vulnerable population. Â© 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors adult, article, attitude, behavior, smoking, controlled study, demography, female, human, Lebanon, pregnancy Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Chaaya,M., Jabbour,S., El-Roueiheb,Z., Chemaitelly,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Levels of maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide and certain cardiovascular parameters following hubble-bubble smoking	2002	Shafagoj, Y.A., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 2002/08 Volume 23 Issue 8 Start Page 953 Other Pages 958 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: The physiological effects of cigarette smoking have been widely studied, however, little is known regarding the effects of smoking hubble-bubble. We examined the acute effects of hubble-bubble smoking on heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide. Methods: This study was carried out in, in the student laboratory, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, during the summer of 1999. In 18 healthy habitual hubble-bubble smokers, heart rate, blood pressure, and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide was measured before, during and post smoking of one hubble-bubble run (45 minutes). Results: Compared to base line (time zero), at the end of smoking heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide were increased 16 Â± 2.4 beats per minute, 6.7 Â± 2.5 mm Hg, 4.4 Â± 1.6 mm Hg, 5.2 Â± 1.7 mm Hg, and 14.2 Â± 1.8 ppm, (mean Â± standard error of mean, P<.05). Conclusions: Acute short-term active hubble-bubble smoking elicits a modest increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide in healthy hubble-bubble smokers. Descriptors carbon monoxide, adult, article, blood pressure, cardiovascular parameters, controlled study, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, human, human experiment, Jordan, laboratory, male, mean arterial pressure, normal human, smoking, summer, systolic blood pressure, university Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shafagoj,Y. A., Mohammed,F. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hubble-bubble (water pipe) smoking: Levels of nicotine and cotinine in plasma, saliva and urine	2002	Shafagoj, Y.A., Dept. of Physiology/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 40 Issue 6 Start Page 249 Other Pages 255 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0946-1965 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of nicotine and cotinine in biological fluids (plasma, saliva, and urine) following hubble-bubble (HB) smoking. Methods: Fourteen healthy male volunteers, aged 28 Â± 8 years, body weight of 82.7 Â± 13.53 kg, participated in the study. All volunteers were habitual HB smokers for 3.29 Â± 1.90 years who smoked at least 3 runs per week with an average of 20 g Mua'sel per run. Volunteers were requested to avoid smoking, at least 84 hours prior to the time of the study. After baseline samples were taken, volunteers started smoking 20 g of Mua'sel for a period of 45 minutes. Heparinized blood samples (5 or 10 ml each) were drawn for nicotine and cotinine analysis before, during and after the smoking period. Saliva samples were collected just before smoking (time 0) and at the end of smoking (45 min). Urine also was collected at time 0 and 24-hour urine collection was also taken to measure nicotine and cotinine excretion. Nicotine and cotinine were extracted from samples and assayed by gas chromatography. All data are presented as mean Â± SEM throughout the text, Tables and Figures unless indicated otherwise. Results: Plasma nicotine levels rose from 1.11 Â± 0.62 ng/ml at baseline to a maximum of 60.31 Â± 7.58 ng/ml (p <0.001) at the end of smoking (45 min). Plasma cotinine levels increased from 0.79 Â± 0.79 ng/ml at baseline to its highest concentration of 51.95 Â± 13.58 ng/ml (p < 0.001) 3 hours following the end of smoking. Saliva nicotine levels significantly rose from 1.05 Â± 0.72 to 624.74 Â± 149.3 ng/ml and also saliva cotinine levels significantly increased from 0.79 Â± 0.79 ng/ml to 283.49 Â± 75.04 ng/ml. Mean amounts of nicotine and cotinine excreted in urine during the 24-hour urine collection following smoking were equal to 73.59 Â± 18.28 and 249 Â± 54.78 Î¼g, respectively. Conclusion: Following a single run of HB smoking, plasma, saliva and urinary nicotine and cotinine concentration increased to high values. This observation suggests that HB may not be an innocent habit, as people believe. Descriptors cotinine, heparin, nicotine, adult, article, blood analysis, blood level, body fluid, body weight, controlled study, gas chromatography, human, male, normal human, saliva level, smoking, smoking cessation, tobacco, urinalysis, urinary excretion, urine level, volunteer Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shafagoj,Y. A., Mohammed,F. I., Hadidi,K. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparative study of the effect of cigarette and hubble bubble goza smoking on some essential glucoregulatory hormones	1993		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tanta Medical Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 103 Other Pages 113 Notes ID: 35382 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To compare the effects of Hubble-Bubble Goza] smoking with those of cigarette smoking on insulin, growth hormone and catecholamines secretion, 10 healthy male smokers were studied. Each subject worked as control for himself. After an overnight fast each subject was insucted to smoke 2 non-filtered cigarettes Cleopatra Super, Eastern Company, Egypt], over 10 minutes in one day and in an another day an equivalent amount tobacco as Meassel 7.1 g of the commercialy available Goza Tobacco] using Goza over the same 10 minutes period. Blood samles were assayed for plasma glucose, insulin, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradernaline in the fasting state and 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the end of smoking by the glucose oxidase method for glucose, radioimmunoassay for insulin and growth hormone, and flourometry for catecholamines. The results of the present study showed significant elevation of plasma glucose after both types of smoking, with peak glucose response occurring earlier after Goza smoking. Plasma insulin showed no significant changes after both smoking types. Growth hormone levels were significantly and progressively elevated in both types of smoking. A significant elevation of adrenaline at 10 and 30 minutes and a significant elevation of noradrenaline at 10 minutes after both types of smoking were also observed. The results showed that Hubble-Bubble Goza] smoking produces the same effect on the parameters studied as those of cigarette smoking although the response is a little bit attenuated Descriptors Humans, Male, Comparative Study, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Catecholamines, Growth Hormone, Insulin Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-35382 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Amara,Fahmy Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Knowledge, attitude and believes of Nargila (hubble-bubble) smoking in Iraq	2005		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society Periodical, Abbrev. J.Bahrain Med.Soc. Pub Date Free Form 2005/04 Volume 17 Issue 2 Start Page 128 Other Pages 134 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1015-6321 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Aim: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of smoking Nargila. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 200 male smokers from different parts of Iraq. Results: The study showed that the highest rate was among youth aged 20-39 years and negatively correlated with the level of education. The cost ranged between 250-15,000 ID per weak and the average time spent for each smoking was 30 minutes. The study revealed that 90% of the sample prefer Nargila smoking than cigarette, because they believed it is less harmful, due to passage of smoke through water, and more enjoyable. Less than 10% used a disposable tip while the rest shared the same tip with their friends and even with worker responsible for preparing Nargilas. Moreover, about half of the sample declared that they were unwilling to quit from the habit. A Preliminary test of especially manufactured smoking machine showed that the amount of tar and nicotine precipitated from the Nargila smoke might be more than that expected and that declared by manufacturers. Conclusions: The study pointed out the importance of changing the wrong belives knowledge towards Nargila and arrange a suitable health education programme to highlight its harmful effect on the health of smokers. Descriptors nicotine, tar, academic achievement, adult, age distribution, article, attitude, health education, human, Iraq, male, normal human, smoking Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Al-Dabbagh,S., Al-Sinjari,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Some chemical and biological effects of cigarettes and Hubbell bubble smoking	1990		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 26 Issue 1 Start Page 175 Other Pages 85 Notes ID: 17970 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The study was performed on 50 adult male cigarette and hubble smokers. The aim was to study and compare the cigarette and hubble bubble smoke on some chemical and biological functions of the smoke component. Plasma epinephrine, glucose, lactate/pyruvate ratio, growth hormone, free fatty acids, and cortisol were significantly higher in smokers than non smokers especially cigarette smokers. Plasma insulin concentration showed a significantly delayed response to the increased blood glucose. Plasma proteins, urea, pyruvate, creatinine and vitamin B12 were significantly reduced inn smokers than non smokers especially cigarette smokers. Both blood erythrocytes and leucocytes were increased significantly in smokers. Blood gases showed significantly low PaO2, significant blood level of Co fraction, while PaCO2 was unaffected. Urinary catecholamines were significantly higher in smokers especially in cigarette smokers Descriptors Humans, Male, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco/metabolism Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-17970 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Abo Shamaa,M. N., Osman,H. A., Kamel,M. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Arteriovenous bubbles following cold water sport dives: relation to right-to-left shunting	2000	Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Neurology Periodical, Abbrev. Neurology Pub Date Free Form 12-Dec Volume 55 Issue 11 Start Page 1741 Other Pages 1743 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 0401060; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0028-3878; 0028-3878 Accession Number PMID: 11113236 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11113236 Abstract Neurologic injury subsequent to decompression from diving may be due to paradoxical arterialization of venous gas emboli. Of 40 divers who performed 53 open water dives after being tested for a patent foramen ovale (PFO), arterial gas emboli were detected in 7 of 13 dives, which resulted in venous bubbles. In five of these seven dives, there was evidence of a PFO by contrast transcranial Doppler sonography, indicating an increased risk of arterializing venous bubbles in divers with a PFO. Descriptors Adult, Cold Temperature/adverse effects, Decompression Sickness, Diving, Embolism, Air/physiopathology/ultrasonography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ultrasonography, Doppler Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gerriets,T., Tetzlaff,K., Liceni,T., Schafer,C., Rosengarten,B., Kopiske,G., Algermissen,C., Struck,N., Kaps,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake, adiposity, and circulating venous bubbles after diving	2002	Faculte des Sciences du Sport, Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France. carturan@wanadoo.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Physiol.(1985) Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 93 Issue 4 Start Page 1349 Other Pages 1356 Notes LR: 20130926; JID: 8502536; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 8750-7587; 0161-7567 Accession Number PMID: 12235035 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00723.1999 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12235035 Abstract Decompression sickness in diving is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, depending on several factors, such as decompression rate and individual susceptibility. The Doppler ultrasonic detection of circulating venous bubbles after diving is considered a useful index for the safety of decompression because of the relationship between bubbles and decompression sickness risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2 max)), and percent body fat on the production of bubbles after diving. Fifty male recreational divers performed two dives at 35 m during 25 min and then ascended in one case at 9 m/min and in the other case at 17 m/min. They performed the same decompression stops in the two cases. Twenty-eight divers were Doppler monitored at 10-min intervals, until 60 min after surfacing, and the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the effect of ascent rate on the kinetics of bubbles. Twenty-two divers were monitored 60 min after surfacing. The effect on bubble production 60 min after surfacing of the four variables was studied in 47 divers. The data were analyzed by multinomial log-linear model. The analysis showed that the 17 m/min ascent produced more elevated grades of bubbles than the 9 m/min ascent (P < 0.05), except at the 40-min interval, and showed relationships between grades of bubbles and ascent rate and age and interaction terms between VO(2 max) and age, as well as VO(2 max) and percent body fat. Younger, slimmer, or aerobically fitter divers produced fewer bubbles compared with older, fatter, or poorly physically fit divers. These findings and the conclusions of previous studies performed on animals and humans led us to support that ascent rate, age, aerobic fitness, and adiposity are factors of susceptibility for bubble formation after diving. Descriptors Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology, Adult, Aging/physiology, Decompression, Diving/adverse effects, Embolism, Air/etiology, Humans, Kinetics, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Time Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carturan,D., Boussuges,A., Vanuxem,P., Bar-Hen,A., Burnet,H., Gardette,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exercise and nitric oxide prevent bubble formation: a novel approach to the prevention of decompression sickness?	2004	Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. ulrik.wisloff@medisin.ntnu.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of physiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Physiol. Pub Date Free Form 16-Mar Volume 555 Issue Pt 3 Start Page 825 Other Pages 829 Notes LR: 20140610; JID: 0266262; 0 (Nitric Oxide Donors); 16051-77-7 (isosorbide-5-mononitrate); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); IA7306519N (Isosorbide Dinitrate); OID: NLM: PMC1664873; 2004/01/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0022-3751; 0022-3751 Accession Number PMID: 14724207 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.055467 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14724207 Abstract Nitrogen dissolves in the blood during dives, but comes out of solution if divers return to normal pressure too rapidly. Nitrogen bubbles cause a range of effects from skin rashes to seizures, coma and death. It is believed that these bubbles form from bubble precursors (gas nuclei). Recently we have shown that a single bout of exercise 20 h, but not 48 h, before a simulated dive prevents bubble formation and protects rats from severe decompression sickness (DCS) and death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that administration of N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a non-selective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), turns a dive from safe to unsafe in sedentary but not exercised rats. Therefore based upon previous data an attractive hypothesis is that it may be possible to use either exercise or NO-releasing agents before a dive to inhibit bubble formation and thus protect against DCS. Consequently, the aims of the present study were to determine whether protection against bubble formation in 'diving' rats was provided by (1) chronic and acute administration of a NO-releasing agent and (2) exercise less than 20 h prior to the dive. NO given for 5 days and then 20 h prior to a dive to 700 kPa lasting 45 min breathing air significantly reduced bubble formation and prevented death. The same effect was seen if NO was given only 30 min before the dive. Exercise 20 h before a dive suppressed bubble formation and prevented death, with no effect at any other time (48, 10, 5 and 0.5 h prior to the dive). Pre-dive activities have not been considered to influence the growth of bubbles and thus the risk of serious DCS. The present novel findings of a protective effect against bubble formation and death by appropriately timed exercise and an NO-releasing agent may form the basis of a new approach to preventing serious decompression sickness. Descriptors Animals, Decompression Sickness/prevention & control, Diving, Female, Isosorbide Dinitrate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Motor Activity/physiology, Nitric Oxide/physiology, Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wisloff,U., Richardson,R. S., Brubakk,A. O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20040114 PMCID PMC1664873 Editors
A deep stop during decompression from 82 fsw (25 m) significantly reduces bubbles and fast tissue gas tensions	2004	DAN Europe Foundation, Research Division.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 233 Other Pages 243 Notes LR: 20050627; JID: 9312954; CIN: Undersea Hyperb Med. 2005 Mar-Apr;32(2):85-8; author reply 89-92. PMID: 15926299; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 15485086 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15485086 Abstract In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10, 18 m/min) were combined with no stops or a shallow stop at 20 fsw (6 m) or a deep stop at 50 fsw (15 m) and a shallow at 20 fsw (6 m). The highest bubbles scores (8.78/9.97), using the Spencer Scale (SS) and Extended Spencer Scale (ESS) respectively, were with the slowest ascent rate. This also showed the highest 5 min and 10 min tissue loads of 48% and 75%. The lowest bubble scores (1.79/2.50) were with an ascent rate of 33 fsw (10 m/min) and stops for 5 min at 50 fsw (15 m) and 20 fsw (6 m). This also showed the lowest 5 and 10 min tissue loads at 25% and 52% respectively. Thus, introduction of a deep stop significantly reduced Doppler detected bubbles together with tissue gas tensions in the 5 and 10 min tissues, which has implications for reducing the incidence of neurological DCS in divers. Descriptors Atmospheric Pressure, Decompression/standards, Decompression Sickness/prevention & control/ultrasonography, Diving/adverse effects/standards, Humans, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Marroni,A., Bennett,P. B., Cronje,F. J., Cali-Corleo,R., Germonpre,P., Pieri,M., Bonuccelli,C., Balestra,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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