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Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
'Hubble-bubble leads to trouble'--waterpipe smoking and oral health	2013		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Dent Update Periodical, Abbrev. Dent.Update Pub Date Free Form Volume 40 Issue 10 Start Page 800 Other Pages 2, 804 Notes ID: 24597023 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract UNLABELLED: Waterpipes are used to smoke tobacco by more than 100 million people worldwide. Use is not restricted to any single racial, ethnic, or cultural group, and dentists are almost certain to encounter waterpipe users amongst their patients. This article describes what the practice involves and seeks to inform members of the dental team of the significantly detrimental impacts of waterpipe smoking on both general and oral health and how'hubble-bubble really can lead to trouble'. Advising patients on ceasing waterpipe use is also discussed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This paper explains what smoking a waterpipe involves, the associated misconceptions of safety amongst users and the dangers to health. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-24597023 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shah,Savan B., Chestnutt,Ivor G., Lewis,Michael A.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A deep stop during decompression from 82 fsw (25 m) significantly reduces bubbles and fast tissue gas tensions	2004	DAN Europe Foundation, Research Division.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 233 Other Pages 243 Notes LR: 20050627; JID: 9312954; CIN: Undersea Hyperb Med. 2005 Mar-Apr;32(2):85-8; author reply 89-92. PMID: 15926299; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 15485086 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15485086 Abstract In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10, 18 m/min) were combined with no stops or a shallow stop at 20 fsw (6 m) or a deep stop at 50 fsw (15 m) and a shallow at 20 fsw (6 m). The highest bubbles scores (8.78/9.97), using the Spencer Scale (SS) and Extended Spencer Scale (ESS) respectively, were with the slowest ascent rate. This also showed the highest 5 min and 10 min tissue loads of 48% and 75%. The lowest bubble scores (1.79/2.50) were with an ascent rate of 33 fsw (10 m/min) and stops for 5 min at 50 fsw (15 m) and 20 fsw (6 m). This also showed the lowest 5 and 10 min tissue loads at 25% and 52% respectively. Thus, introduction of a deep stop significantly reduced Doppler detected bubbles together with tissue gas tensions in the 5 and 10 min tissues, which has implications for reducing the incidence of neurological DCS in divers. Descriptors Atmospheric Pressure, Decompression/standards, Decompression Sickness/prevention & control/ultrasonography, Diving/adverse effects/standards, Humans, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Marroni,A., Bennett,P. B., Cronje,F. J., Cali-Corleo,R., Germonpre,P., Pieri,M., Bonuccelli,C., Balestra,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Arterial gas bubbles after decompression in pigs with patent foramen ovale	1993	Section for Extreme Work Environment, Sintef Unimed, Trondheim, Norway.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 20 Issue 2 Start Page 121 Other Pages 131 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 9312954; 0 (Gases); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 8329939 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8329939 Abstract With patent foramen ovale (PFO), thought to be a risk factor for some forms of DCS, venous bubbles may pass through the patent opening to become arterial bubbles. We exposed 14 anesthetized, spontaneously breathing pigs to air at 5 bar (500 kPa, absolute pressure) for 30 min and then rapidly decompressed at 2 bar/min to 1 bar. We measured intravascular pressures, blood gases, and, with transesophageal echocardiology, bubbles in the pulmonary artery and ascending aorta. Autopsy showed that six of the pigs had a PFO. Arterial bubbles occurred more frequently in the PFO group (in six out of six) than in the non-PFO group (in two out of eight, P < 0.01). When arterial bubbles were detected, the venous bubble count and the pulmonary artery pressure tended to be lower in pigs with PFO than in pigs without a PFO. We conclude that a PFO increases the risk of arterial bubbles after decompression. Descriptors Animals, Atmosphere Exposure Chambers, Decompression Sickness/blood/etiology/physiopathology, Embolism, Air/blood/etiology/physiopathology, Gases/blood, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/blood/complications/physiopathology, Hemodynamics/physiology, Swine Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vik,A., Jenssen,B. M., Brubakk,A. O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Arteriovenous bubbles following cold water sport dives: relation to right-to-left shunting	2000	Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Neurology Periodical, Abbrev. Neurology Pub Date Free Form 12-Dec Volume 55 Issue 11 Start Page 1741 Other Pages 1743 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 0401060; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0028-3878; 0028-3878 Accession Number PMID: 11113236 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11113236 Abstract Neurologic injury subsequent to decompression from diving may be due to paradoxical arterialization of venous gas emboli. Of 40 divers who performed 53 open water dives after being tested for a patent foramen ovale (PFO), arterial gas emboli were detected in 7 of 13 dives, which resulted in venous bubbles. In five of these seven dives, there was evidence of a PFO by contrast transcranial Doppler sonography, indicating an increased risk of arterializing venous bubbles in divers with a PFO. Descriptors Adult, Cold Temperature/adverse effects, Decompression Sickness, Diving, Embolism, Air/physiopathology/ultrasonography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ultrasonography, Doppler Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gerriets,T., Tetzlaff,K., Liceni,T., Schafer,C., Rosengarten,B., Kopiske,G., Algermissen,C., Struck,N., Kaps,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake, adiposity, and circulating venous bubbles after diving	2002	Faculte des Sciences du Sport, Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France. carturan@wanadoo.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Physiol.(1985) Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 93 Issue 4 Start Page 1349 Other Pages 1356 Notes LR: 20130926; JID: 8502536; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 8750-7587; 0161-7567 Accession Number PMID: 12235035 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00723.1999 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12235035 Abstract Decompression sickness in diving is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, depending on several factors, such as decompression rate and individual susceptibility. The Doppler ultrasonic detection of circulating venous bubbles after diving is considered a useful index for the safety of decompression because of the relationship between bubbles and decompression sickness risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2 max)), and percent body fat on the production of bubbles after diving. Fifty male recreational divers performed two dives at 35 m during 25 min and then ascended in one case at 9 m/min and in the other case at 17 m/min. They performed the same decompression stops in the two cases. Twenty-eight divers were Doppler monitored at 10-min intervals, until 60 min after surfacing, and the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the effect of ascent rate on the kinetics of bubbles. Twenty-two divers were monitored 60 min after surfacing. The effect on bubble production 60 min after surfacing of the four variables was studied in 47 divers. The data were analyzed by multinomial log-linear model. The analysis showed that the 17 m/min ascent produced more elevated grades of bubbles than the 9 m/min ascent (P < 0.05), except at the 40-min interval, and showed relationships between grades of bubbles and ascent rate and age and interaction terms between VO(2 max) and age, as well as VO(2 max) and percent body fat. Younger, slimmer, or aerobically fitter divers produced fewer bubbles compared with older, fatter, or poorly physically fit divers. These findings and the conclusions of previous studies performed on animals and humans led us to support that ascent rate, age, aerobic fitness, and adiposity are factors of susceptibility for bubble formation after diving. Descriptors Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology, Adult, Aging/physiology, Decompression, Diving/adverse effects, Embolism, Air/etiology, Humans, Kinetics, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Time Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carturan,D., Boussuges,A., Vanuxem,P., Bar-Hen,A., Burnet,H., Gardette,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Blood platelet count and bubble formation after a dive to 30 msw for 30 min	2008	Departement des facteurs humains, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sante des Armees, La Tronche, France. jm.pontier@free.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 79 Issue 12 Start Page 1096 Other Pages 1099 Notes JID: 7501714; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 19070304 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19070304 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Previous human studies reported that platelet count (PC) is decreased following decompression. Platelet aggregation and adherence to the bubble surface has been demonstrated in severe decompression sickness (DCS). The present study was designed to clarify the relationship between post-dive changes in blood PC and the level of bubble formation in divers. METHODS: There were 40 healthy experienced divers who were assigned to 1 experimental group (N = 30) with an open-sea air dive to 30 msw for 30 min in field conditions and 1 control group (N = 10) without hyperbaric exposure. Bubble grades were monitored with a pulsed Doppler according to the Spencer scale and Kissman integrated severity score (KISS). Blood samples for red blood cell counts (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), and PC were taken 1 h before and after exposure in two groups. RESULTS: None of the divers developed any signs of DCS. In two groups, the results showed significant increase in RBC count and Hct related with hemoconcentration and no change in PC. Divers with a high KISS score (39 +/- 5.8; mean +/- SD) presented a significantly more pronounced percent fall in PC than divers with a lower KISS score. We found a significant correlation between the percent fall in PC after a dive and the bubble KISS score. DISCUSSION: The present study highlighted a relationship between the post-dive decrease in PC and the magnitude of bubble level after decompression. Our primary result is that the post-dive decrease in PC could be a predictor of decompression severity after diving. Descriptors Adult, Decompression/adverse effects, Decompression Sickness/blood/etiology, Diving/adverse effects, Embolism, Air/blood/etiology, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Platelet Aggregation, Platelet Count, Pressure, Prospective Studies, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pontier,J. M., Jimenez,C., Blatteau,J. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bubble formation and decompression sickness on direct ascent from shallow air saturation diving	1993	Maritime Self-Defense Force, Undersea Medical Center, Yokosuka, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 64 Issue 2 Start Page 121 Other Pages 125 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 7501714; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 8431185 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8431185 Abstract To find the minimum supersaturation pressure for detectable bubble formation and for contraction of decompression sickness (DCS), three shallow air saturation dives at the depth of 6 m, 7 m, and 8 m were performed. The ultrasonic M-mode method was used for detecting bubbles. The exposure period was 3 d for all dives. Ten subjects were compressed to both 6 m and 7 m, and nine subjects were compressed to 8 m. One bubble streak was shown in the 6-m dive group. A small number of bubbles were seen in four subjects in the 7-m dive. All subjects in the 8-m dive presented various amounts of bubbles. DCS was not observed in the 6-m and 7-m dives. On the other hand, in the 8-m dive, four subjects suffered from DCS and required recompression treatment. The minimum depth for detectable bubble formation was assessed at around 6 m and the direct ascent from saturation at 8 m seems to have a high risk of DCS. Descriptors Adult, Decompression Sickness, Diving, Embolism, Air/etiology/ultrasonography, Humans, Male, Middle Aged Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ikeda,T., Okamoto,Y., Hashimoto,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Carbon monoxide fractions in cigarette and hookah (hubble bubble) smoke.	1993	Sajid, K.M., Atomic Energy Medical Centre, Multan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JPMA.The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 43 Issue 9 Start Page 179 Other Pages 182 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0030-9982 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We studied the carbon monoxide (CO) fractions in hookah and cigarette smoke, using a carbon monoxide micro smokerlyzer (model EC50, BEDFONT, U.K.). Mean carbon monoxide fractions (% by volume) of hookah smoke, using domestic charcoal were 0.38 +/- 0.07 (large hookah; unfiltered); 1.40 +/- 0.43 (small hookah; unfiltered); 0.34 +/- 0.06 (large hookah; filtered); 1.36 +/- 0.35 (small hookah; filtered) and 0.41 +/- 0.08 (cigarette smoke). The highest fractions were obtained with small size hookah and increase in size of hookah (i.e., volume of air in water base, fire bowl volume, pipe length, etc.) reduced the CO fraction significantly (P < 0.001). The fractions of cigarette lie between large and small hookah. The fractions vary slightly with different varieties of tobacco, e.g., CO fractions with Dera wala tobacco are significantly low (P < 0.05). Use of commercial charcoal gives significant rise in CO fractions (P < 0.001). Comparison of filtered and unfiltered smoke shows no significant difference in values. We conclude that the CO hazard is as high with hookah smoking as with cigarette smoking. Descriptors carbon monoxide, article, plant, smoke, smoking, tobacco Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sajid,K. M., Akhter,M., Malik,G. Q. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparative analysis of the effects of hubble-bubble (Sheesha) and cigarette smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in hubble-bubble and cigarette smokers	2006	Al Mutairi, S.S., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Safat 13110, Kuwait	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respirology Periodical, Abbrev. Respirology Pub Date Free Form / Volume 11 Issue 4 Start Page 449 Other Pages 455 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1323-7799; 1440-1843 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objectives and background: Hazard of smoking tobacco is believed to be minimized by smoking hubble-bubble (HB) instead of cigarettes. Our aims were to (i) develop an assay for estimating nicotine and cotinine; and (ii) evaluate the effect of smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in cigarette and HB smokers. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 152 volunteer smokers (75 cigarette and 77 HB) as well as from 16 healthy controls. We optimized an HPLC method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine. Subjects were asked to complete a chronic respiratory symptoms questionnaire and to undergo spirometry. Fasting blood samples were collected for the determination of their lipid profile. Results: The intra-assay coefficients of variation for nicotine and cotinine were 16.6% and 6.6%, respectively. The mean of cotinine in cigarette smokers (1321.4 ng/mL) was significantly (P = 0.008) higher than the mean cotinine (677.6 ng/mL) in HB smokers. The mean nicotine level in cigarette smokers (1487.3 ng/mL) was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than the mean nicotine (440.5 ng/mL) in HB smoker. The urinary cotinine and nicotine levels of the control subjects were lower than the detection levels of the assay. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in cigarette smokers (0.99 mmol/L) compared with HB smoker smokers (1.02 mmol/L) but this was not significant (P = 0.28). Spirometric values were comparable among the three groups but the chronic respiratory symptoms in the smoking groups appeared at an earlier age in the HB smokers compared with the cigarettes smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Smoking HB does not reduce the risk of tobacco exposure and it's potentially harmful metabolites on health. Â© 2006 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology. Descriptors cotinine, glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, nicotine, triacylglycerol, adult, aged, analytic method, article, cholesterol blood level, chronic respiratory tract disease, smoking, controlled study, female, glucose blood level, high performance liquid chromatography, human, lipid blood level, lipid metabolism, major clinical study, male, observer variation, priority journal, questionnaire, spirometry, triacylglycerol blood level, urine level Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Al Mutairi,S. S., Shihab-Eldeen,A. A., Mojiminiyi,O. A., Anwar,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparative study of the effect of cigarette and hubble bubble goza smoking on some essential glucoregulatory hormones	1993		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tanta Medical Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 103 Other Pages 113 Notes ID: 35382 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To compare the effects of Hubble-Bubble Goza] smoking with those of cigarette smoking on insulin, growth hormone and catecholamines secretion, 10 healthy male smokers were studied. Each subject worked as control for himself. After an overnight fast each subject was insucted to smoke 2 non-filtered cigarettes Cleopatra Super, Eastern Company, Egypt], over 10 minutes in one day and in an another day an equivalent amount tobacco as Meassel 7.1 g of the commercialy available Goza Tobacco] using Goza over the same 10 minutes period. Blood samles were assayed for plasma glucose, insulin, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradernaline in the fasting state and 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the end of smoking by the glucose oxidase method for glucose, radioimmunoassay for insulin and growth hormone, and flourometry for catecholamines. The results of the present study showed significant elevation of plasma glucose after both types of smoking, with peak glucose response occurring earlier after Goza smoking. Plasma insulin showed no significant changes after both smoking types. Growth hormone levels were significantly and progressively elevated in both types of smoking. A significant elevation of adrenaline at 10 and 30 minutes and a significant elevation of noradrenaline at 10 minutes after both types of smoking were also observed. The results showed that Hubble-Bubble Goza] smoking produces the same effect on the parameters studied as those of cigarette smoking although the response is a little bit attenuated Descriptors Humans, Male, Comparative Study, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Catecholamines, Growth Hormone, Insulin Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-35382 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Amara,Fahmy Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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