WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Community quarantine to interrupt Ebola virus transmission - Mawah Village, Bong County, Liberia, August-October, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 27-Feb Volume 64 Issue 7 Start Page 179 Other Pages 182 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25719679 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6407a4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25719679 Abstract On September 30, 2014, the Bong County health officer notified the county Ebola task force of a growing outbreak of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in Mawah, a village of approximately 800 residents. During September 9-16, household quarantine had been used by the community in response to a new Ebola infection. Because the infection led to a local outbreak that grew during September 17-20, county authorities suggested community quarantine be considered, and beginning on approximately September 20, the Fuamah District Ebola Task Force (Task Force) engaged Mawah leaders to provide education about Ebola and to secure cooperation for the proposed measures. On September 30, Bong County requested technical assistance to develop strategies to limit transmission in the village and to prevent spread to other areas. The county health team, with support from the Task Force and CDC, traveled to Mawah on October 1 and identified approximately two dozen residents reporting symptoms consistent with Ebola. Because of an ambulance shortage, 2 days were required, beginning October 1, to transport the patients to an Ebola treatment unit in Monrovia. Community quarantine measures, consisting of restrictions on entering or leaving Mawah, regulated river crossings, and market closures, were implemented on October 1. Local leaders raised concerns about availability of medical care and food. The local clinic was reopened on October 11, and food was distributed on October 12. The Task Force reported a total of 22 cases of Ebola in Mawah during September 9-October 2, of which 19 were fatal. During October 3-November 21, no new cases were reported in the village. Involving community members during planning and implementation helped support a safe and effective community quarantine in Mawah. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nyenswah,T., Blackley,D.J., Freeman,T., Lindblade,K.A., Arzoaquoi,S.K., Mott,J.A., Williams,J.N., Halldin,C.N., Kollie,F., Laney,A.S., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease, Bong and Montserrado Counties, Liberia	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Emerging infectious diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Emerg.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 21 Issue 7 Start Page 1253 Other Pages 1256 Notes LR: 20150701; JID: 9508155; OID: NLM: PMC4480411; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1080-6059; 1080-6040 Accession Number PMID: 26079309 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3201/eid2107.150511 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26079309 Abstract Lack of trust in government-supported services after the death of a health care worker with symptoms of Ebola resulted in ongoing Ebola transmission in 2 Liberia counties. Ebola transmission was facilitated by attempts to avoid cremation of the deceased patient and delays in identifying and monitoring contacts. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nyenswah,T.G., Fallah,M., Calvert,G.M., Duwor,S., Hamilton,E.D., Mokashi,V., Arzoaquoi,S., Dweh,E., Burbach,R., Dlouhy,D., Oeltmann,J.E., Moonan,P.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4480411 Editors
Evaluation of Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhl. extract as antifungal and in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis	2013	* Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical mycology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Mycol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 51 Issue 7 Start Page 673 Other Pages 682 Notes JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Flavones); 0 (Ointments); 0 (Plant Extracts); 2013/06/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2709; 1369-3786 Accession Number PMID: 23758104 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/13693786.2013.795294 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23758104 Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anticandidal activity of a methanolic extract of Syngonanthus nitens scapes against different Candida species and clinical isolates from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and its effect in vivo in the treatment of vaginal infection. Chemical characterization of the extract was performed by HPLC-UV analyses and showed the presence of flavones derivatives. The extract was effective against several Candida strains from our collection and species recovered from VVC patients, and was able to inhibit the yeast-hyphal transition. No cytotoxic activity against human female reproductive tract epithelial cells and no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells were observed. In the in vivo model of VVC, we evaluated the efficacy of the intravaginal treatment with a cream containing the extract at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%. The treatment eradicated the vaginal fungal burden in infected rats after 8 days of treatment. S. nitens extract could be considered as an effective and non-toxic natural antifungal agent in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors de Freitas Araujo,M.G., Pacifico,M., Vilegas,W., Dos Santos,L.C., Icely,P.A., Miro,M.S., Scarpa,M.V., Bauab,T.M., Sotomayor,C.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130613 PMCID Editors
The prevalence of onchocerciasis and blindness in the population of the Bong Range, Liberia	1973	Bernhard Nocht Inst. Schiffs- Tropenkrankh., Hamburg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Z.TROPENMED.PARASIT. Pub Date Free Form 1973/ Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 339 Other Pages 357 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Among a sample of 1,252 persons from a total population of about 15,000 people of the Kpelleh tribe in the Bong Range area, 783 (63.2%) were carriers of microfilariae of O. volvulus. The infection was determined by a standardized skin biopsy technique (Walser punch). At the age of 16 to 18 yr more than 50% of the population had detectable larvae in the gluteal skin. Among the adult population the male sex showed a significant preponderance of positivity for microfilariae. The number of noninfected 'susceptibles' decreased annually by a factor of 0.92 to 0.925. About one half of a sample of adult subjects revealed microfilariae in the cephalic region. Findings of diminished vision (â‰¤ 6/60) were compared with the microfilarial density in the anterior segment and in the environment of the eyes. The rate of blindness of 1.18% found in the Bong Range was more than twice as high as in onchocerciasis free regions of Liberia. Blindness appeared to be related to onchocerciasis in the majority of cases. The average age of the completely blind was 54 yr, and the onset of blindness could be dated back to an average of 48 yr. In the unilaterally blind the average age was 40 yr. In this group blindness appeared to be less related to onchocerciasis. Among 1,131 subjects a bilaterally impaired vision was found in 8.3%. Together with the unilaterally blind, the total number of persons with visual damage besides the blind was 9.8% of the population sample at Bong Range. Descriptors age, blindness, cornea, diagnosis, epidemiology, filariasis, Onchocerca volvulus, onchocerciasis, sex Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Frentzel Beyme,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative studies on the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by Simulium damnosum in the Bong Range, Liberia	1973	Bernhard Nocht Inst. Schiffs- Tropenkrankh., Hamburg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Z.TROPENMED.PARASIT. Pub Date Free Form 1973/ Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 358 Other Pages 372 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Quantitative aspects of the transmission of O. volvulus have been investigated in an area of the tropical rain forest zone in West Liberia. The daily and annual cycles of biting densities, age composition and infection rates of the Simulium damnosum population have been studied for one or more years at 7 catching sites. Dissections of 67,758 females of S. damnosum revealed a mean annual parous rate of 10.9%; 17.2% of the parous flies carried developing filaria infections, 2.6% third stage larvae of O. volvulus, and 3.0% third stage larvae of other filaria species. An average of 900 O. volvulus larvae theoretically transmitted per man per year was calculated. This transmission potential was associated with a microfilariae carrier rate of 63% in the human population. Descriptors arthropod, carrier, epidemiology, Microfilaria, Onchocerca volvulus, onchocerciasis, prevention, Simulium damnosum Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Garms,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Studies on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Liberia: The prevalence and intensity of schistosomal infections in Bong County and the bionomics of the snail intermediate hosts	1983	Bur. Biol. Res., Rutgers Univ., Nelson Biol. Lab., Piscataway, NJ 08854	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta Tropica Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Trop. Pub Date Free Form 1983/ Volume 40 Issue 3 Start Page 205 Other Pages 229 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0001-706X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Urine samples from 3548 individuals residing in six of the eight districts which comprise Bong County, Liberia, the project area of the Bong County Agricultural Development Project (BCADP), and fecal specimens from 3408 of these individuals were examined for schistosome ova. A total of 164 water sites, including rice paddies, were surveyed for schistosome vector snails and monthly changes in snail population density and infection rate were determined in selected water sites. Bulinus globosus were more widely distributed than Biomphalaria pfeifferi but the latter species showed a higher infection prevalence (12.3%) than the former one (10.3%). Snail population density and infection rate fluctuated with season, being higher in the dry season and lower during periods of heavy rainfall. Dessication and/or heat stress may have contributed to the contraction of snail population size at the end of the dry season. More water sites contained infected snails during December through February than at any other time of the year. In selected water sites examined at monthly intervals, mean snail density was higher in rice paddies than in other water contact sites but the latter showed a higher prevalence of infected snails than the former. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni (24.8%) was significantly higher than that of S. haematobium (22.7%) but the difference in prevalence rates of the two species in school children was not statistically significant. The intensity of S. haematobium infection (13.2 xÌ„G) was significantly higher than that of S. mansoni (6.3 xÌ„G). Mixed infections in school children did not have a significant effect on egg output. The prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium showed a dramatic decline between the age groups 0-15 and 20-50+ years old; the differences between these age groups in S. mansoni infection were unremarkable. In Zota, Jorquelle and Kokoya Districts, prevalence rates of S. haematobium were higher than those of S. mansoni; the reverse was observed in Suakoko and Panta-Kpai Districts but relative prevalence rates varied according to specific locality in each district. A south to north stratification of schistosomal infection prevalence was observed similar to the west to east gradient reported by Saladin et al. (1980). New rice paddies developed during the three year operational period of the BCADP contained little or no vector snails and schistosomal infections in farm families of these paddies reflected the characteristic of the disease in corresponding localities. Older paddies, pre-dating the operations of the BCADP, contained infected vector snails and farm families of some of these paddies showed higher prevalence rates of schistosomiasis than corresponding school children. The implications of these findings are discussed. Descriptors Biomphalaria, Bulinus, digestive system, epidemiology, geographic distribution, human, invertebrate, Liberia, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, schistosomiasis, trematode, urinary tract Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Dennis,E., Vorkpor,P., Holzer,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Chemical composition of the essential oil and fixed oil Bauhinia pentandra (Bong.) D. Dietr	2015	Departamento de Quimica Organica e Inorganica, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.; Departamento de Quimica Organica e Inorganica, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.; Departamento de Quimica Organica e Inorganica, Univer	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pharmacognosy magazine Periodical, Abbrev. Pharmacogn Mag. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 11 Issue Suppl 2 Start Page S362 Other Pages 4 Notes JID: 101300403; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 0973-1296; 0973-1296 Accession Number PMID: 26664026 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/0973-1296.166015 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26664026 Abstract BACKGROUND: Bauhinia pentandrais popularly known as "mororo" and inhabits the Caatinga and Savannah biomes. OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the chemical composition of the essential and fatty oils of the leaves from B. pentandra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the fixed oil by extraction with hexane, followed by saponification with KOH/MeOH, and methylation using MeOH/HCl. The constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The major constituent of the essential oil was the phytol (58.78% +/-8.51%), and of the fatty oil were palmitic (29.03%), stearic (28.58%) and linolenic (10.53%) acids. CONCLUSION: Of the compounds identified in the essential oil, three are first reported in this species, and this is the first record of the chemical composition of the fixed oil. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors de Almeida,M.C., Souza,L.G., Ferreira,D.A., Monte,F.J., Braz-Filho,R., de Lemos,T.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4653348 Editors
Primo-Vascular System as Presented by Bong Han Kim	2015	Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA ; School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA ; Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.; Department of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM Periodical, Abbrev. Evid Based.Complement.Alternat Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2015 Issue Start Page 361974 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150919; JID: 101215021; OID: NLM: PMC4562093; 2014/09/29 [received]; 2015/01/01 [revised]; 2015/01/05 [accepted]; 2015/08/25 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1741-427X; 1741-427X Accession Number PMID: 26379743 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review DOI 10.1155/2015/361974 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26379743 Abstract In the 1960s Bong Han Kim discovered and characterized a new vascular system. He was able to differentiate it clearly from vascular blood and lymph systems by the use of a variety of methods, which were available to him in the mid-20th century. He gave detailed characterization of the system and created comprehensive diagrams and photographs in his publications. He demonstrated that this system is composed of nodes and vessels, and it was responsible for tissue regeneration. However, he did not disclose in detail his methods. Consequently, his results are relatively obscure from the vantage point of contemporary scientists. The stains that Kim used had been perfected and had been in use for more than 100 years. Therefore, the names of the stains were directed to the explicit protocols for the usage with the particular cells or molecules. Traditionally, it was not normally necessary to describe the method used unless it is significantly deviated from the original method. In this present work, we have been able to disclose staining methods used by Kim. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vodyanoy,V., Pustovyy,O., Globa,L., Sorokulova,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150825 PMCID PMC4562093 Editors
Liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system as a strategy to improve the prophylactic action of Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland against infection by Candida krusei	2015	Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.; Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.; Department of Infe	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of nanomedicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Nanomedicine Pub Date Free Form 16-Dec Volume 10 Issue Start Page 7455 Other Pages 7466 Notes LR: 20160102; JID: 101263847; OID: NLM: PMC4687718; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/12/16 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1178-2013; 1176-9114 Accession Number PMID: 26719688 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2147/IJN.S92638 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26719688 Abstract Vaginal infections caused by Candida krusei are a problem of extreme complexity due to the intrinsic resistance to azole drugs. The species Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland is a plant of the Eriocaulaceae family that has demonstrated promising antifungal activity. In phyto-formulation research, liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive systems (LCPM) stand out as drug delivery systems for vaginal administration because they increase the activity and overcome the problems associated with plant-based medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the methanolic extract of scapes of S. nitens (S. nitens extract [SNE]) and an SNE-loaded LCPM against C. krusei as prophylaxis for vulvovaginal candidiasis. LCPM formulation developed consisted of oleic acid as the oil phase (50% w/w), polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol (40% w/w) as the surfactant and a polymeric dispersion containing 2.5% Carbopol((R)) 974P and 2.5% polycarbophil (10% w/w) as the aqueous phase. LCPM formulation developed was characterized using polarized light microscopy, rheological analysis, and in vitro mucoadhesive studies. Different strains of C. krusei, including one standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258) and three clinically isolated strains from the vaginal region (CKV1, 2, and 3), were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition of biofilms, and time kill. The in vivo prophylaxis assay was performed using the standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258). The analyses of F by polarized light microscopy and rheology showed isotropy; however, the addition of 100% artificial vaginal mucus (F100) made it more viscous and anisotropic. Moreover, the mucoadhesive strength was modified, which makes F an excellent formulation for vaginal applications. SNE was active against all strains studied, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 125 to 62.5 microg/mL; after incorporating SNE into F (FE), these values decreased to 62.5 to 31.2 microg/mL, demonstrating that incorporation into the formulation potentiated the action of SNE. Additionally, the time kill assays showed that both forms of SNE were capable of controlling growth, thereby suggesting a possible fungistatic mechanism. Unloaded SNE was not active against C. krusei biofilms, but FE was active against a clinical strain (CKV2). In vivo analysis showed that FE was able to prevent the development of infection following 10 days of administration. We concluded that the formulation developed in this study was an important vehicle for the delivery of SNE based on the improved antifungal activity in all in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, the extract incorporated into the system may serve as an important prophylactic agent against vaginal infections caused by C. krusei. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors dos Santos Ramos,M.A., Calixto,G., de Toledo,L.G., Bonifacio,B.V., dos Santos,L.C., de Almeida,M.T., Chorilli,M., Bauab,T.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151216 PMCID PMC4687718 Editors
Syngonanthus nitens Bong. (Rhul.)-Loaded Nanostructured System for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Treatment	2016	Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14800-903, Brazil. matheusramos_91@hotmail.com.; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Est	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of molecular sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Mol.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 22-Aug Volume 17 Issue 8 Start Page E1368 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160824; JID: 101092791; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/05/24 [received]; 2016/06/28 [revised]; 2016/06/30 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1422-0067; 1422-0067 Accession Number PMID: 27556451 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI E1368 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27556451 Abstract Herbal-loaded drug delivery nanotechnological systems have been extensively studied recently. The antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants has shown better pharmacological action when such plants are loaded into a drug delivery system than when they are not loaded. Syngonanthus nitens Bong. (Rhul.) belongs to the Eriocaulaceae family and presents antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Syngonanthus nitens (S. nitens) extract that was not loaded (E) or loaded (SE) into a liquid crystal precursor system (S) for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) with Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution technique. Additionally, we performed hyphae inhibition and biofilm tests. Finally, experimental candidiasis was evaluated in in vivo models with Wistar female rats. The results showed effective antifungal activity after incorporation into S for all strains tested, with MICs ranging from 31.2 to 62.5 mug/mL. Microscopic observation of SE revealed an absence of filamentous cells 24 h of exposure to a concentration of 31.2 mug/mL. E demonstrated no effective action against biofilms, though SE showed inhibition against biofilms of all strains. In the in vivo experiment, SE was effective in the treatment of infection after only two days of treatment and was more effective than E and amphotericin B. The S. nitens is active against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the antifungal potential is being enhanced after incorporation into liquid crystal precursor systems (LCPS). These findings represent a promising application of SE in the treatment of VVC. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dos Santos Ramos,M.A., de Toledo,L.G., Calixto,G.M., Bonifacio,B.V., de Freitas Araujo,M.G., Dos Santos,L.C., de Almeida,M.T., Chorilli,M., Bauab,T.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160822 PMCID Editors

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