Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots for Promoting Health Behavioral Changes: Systematic Review

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and characteristics of AI chatbots in promoting health behavior change.

A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across 7 databases, analyzing empirical articles published from 1980 to 2022.

AI chatbots showed high efficacy in promoting healthy lifestyles (40%), smoking cessation (27%), treatment adherence (13%), and reducing substance misuse (7%). While they offered personalized, nonjudgmental support and scalability, results on feasibility and usability were mixed. The study highlights the need for more rigorous randomized controlled trials to confirm efficacy and address limitations like internal validity risks and generalizability.