Country Partnership Framework for the period FY 2017 to FY 2020. The CPF includes funding from the World Bank Group as well as the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF) and other smaller trust funds. The CPF comes at a critical juncture as the government seeks to build on important achievements in its first two years, but is faced with a range of challenges from growing insecurity to stagnating growth and rising levels of poverty. The CPF recognizes the government’s ambitious reform program in the midst of the political and economic uncertainty facing Afghanistan over the next four years, and the limited fiscal space for maneuver. Tackling fragility and conflict are long-term endeavors, but selective institutional strengthening focused on key agencies and functions could enable likely drivers of growth, including the agriculture and mining sectors and human capital development. In addition, much more needs to be done to ensure an adequate social safety net system for the poor and vulnerable and supporting firms in managing insecurity related risks. A broad-based social transfer program could help households avoid resorting to negative coping mechanisms, while financial sector development and risk-sharing instruments could support private sector investment.