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Indicator tables
| Party | Region | 2023 | 2020 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sudan | EMR | تعرض لدخان التبغ يتم عادة في المنزل و السيارات الخاصة و المقاهي والشارع العام | تعرض لدخان التبغ يتم عادة في المنزل و السيارات الخاصة و المقاهي والشارع العام | Answer not provided |
| Suriname | AMR | GYTS 2016, among youth aged 13-15 years showed: -33.5% boys and 36.5% girls were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. -41.0% of boys and 44.0% of girls were exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place -36.6% of boys and 37.1% of girls were exposed to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place -Among Students who saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside on school property were 47.1% boys and 38.5% girls | GYTS 2016, among youth aged 13-15 years showed: -33.5% boys and 36.5% girls were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. -41.0% of boys and 44.0% of girls were exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place -36.6% of boys and 37.1% of girls were exposed to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place -Among Students who saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside on school property were 47.1% boys and 38.5% girls | GYTS 2016, among children from 13-15 years showed: -33.5% of boys and 36.5% of girls were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. -41.0% of boys and 44.0% of girls were exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place -36.6% of boys and 37.1% of girls were exposed to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place -Among Students who saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside on school property were 47.1% boys and 38.5% girls |
| Sweden | EUR | - Exposure by gender and indoor exposures (at home, in the workplace, in public places, e.g. restaurants/café and other). Data source: Public Health Agency of Sweden (2014). The National Survey of Public Health - Health on Equal Terms. https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/folkhalsorapportering-statistik/om-vara-datainsamlingar/nationella-folkhalsoenkaten/ - Exposure by gender, at home, on the balcony/outdoor area near home, in the workplace, other places (e.g. visit friends or in the car) and outdoor places (e.g. commercial outdoor dining areas, public transport stations and stops and entrances). Data source: Public Health Agency of Sweden (2015). The Environmental Health Survey. https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/publicerat-material/publikationsarkiv/m/miljohalsorapport-2017/ - Outdoor exposures (sport arenas, sidewalks, playgrounds, commercial outdoor dining areas, public transport stations and stops and public entrances). Data source: Public Health Agency of Sweden (2022). Hälsorapports junienkät om rökfria miljöer. https://www.halsorapport.se/sv/resultat/result-juni-2022-rokfria-miljoer/ | - Exposure by gender and indoor exposures (at home, in the workplace, in public places, e.g. restaurants/café and other). Data source: Public Health Agency of Sweden (2014). The National Survey of Public Health - Health on Equal Terms. https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/folkhalsorapportering-statistik/om-vara-datainsamlingar/nationella-folkhalsoenkaten/ - Exposure by gender, at home, on the balcony/outdoor area near home, in the workplace, other places (e.g. visit friends or in the car) and outdoor places (e.g. commercial outdoor dining areas, public transport stations and stops and entrances). Data source: Public Health Agency of Sweden (2015). The Environmental Health Survey. https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/publicerat-material/publikationsarkiv/m/miljohalsorapport-2017/ - Outdoor exposures (sport arenas, sidewalks, playgrounds, commercial outdoor dining areas, public transport stations and stops and public entrances). Data source: Public Health Agency of Sweden (2019). Hälsorapports junienkät om rökfria miljöer. https://www.halsorapport.se/sv/resultat/resultat-juni-2019/ | Exposure by gender and indoor exposures (at home, in the workplace, in public places, e.g. restaurants/café and other). |
| Syrian Arab Republic | EMR | ٦٠.١ ٪ من الطلاب يعيشون في منازل حيث يدخن الآخرون بوجودهم ٥٨.٤ ٪ من الطلاب هم حول الآخرين الذين يدخنون في الأماكن العامة خارج منازلهم | ٦٠.١ ٪ من الطلاب يعيشون في منازل حيث يدخن الآخرون بوجودهم ٥٨.٤ ٪ من الطلاب هم حول الآخرين الذين يدخنون في الأماكن العامة خارج منازلهم | ٦٠.١ ٪ من الطلاب يعيشون في منازل حيث يدخن الآخرون بوجودهم ٥٨.٤ ٪ من الطلاب هم حول الآخرين الذين يدخنون في الأماكن العامة خارج منازلهم |
| Tajikistan | EUR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Thailand | SEA | Results from the National Statistical Office in 2021 show that 23.7% of adults aged 15 years and older are exposed to tobacco smoke at home, and 36.6 % of adults aged 15 years and older are exposed to tobacco smoke at restaurants. Moreover, the survey reveals that markets are the most common sites for the highest exposure to tobacco smoke at 47%. | Results of NSO in 2017 shows that 32.7% of adults aged 15 years and above are exposed to tobacco smoke at home, 68.2 % of adults aged 15 years and above are exposed to tobacco smoke at transportation service. Moreover, the survey reveals that markets are the most common sites for the highest exposure to tobacco smoke at 74.5% | Results of the 2014 NSO shows that 40.0% of adults aged 15 years and above are exposed to tobacco smoke at home, 24.3% of adults aged 15 years and above are exposed to tobacco smoke at transportation service. Moreover, the survey reveals that markets are the most common sites for the highest exposure to tobacco smoke at 66.0%. |
| Timor-Leste | SEA | Report not provided | Report not provided | Exposed at home: Total 92.1%; men 94.6% and women 87.4%. In the workplace: Total 51.0%; men 74.4% and women 38.9%. |
| Tonga | WPR | Percentage of students who reported that people smoked in their presence on one or more days during the 7 days before the survey (Tonga GSHS 2017) Age-group Gender M F Total 13-15yrs 54.1 48.1 51.1 16-17yrs 64.0 53.4 58.7 13-17yrs 57.0 49.8 53.5 Exposure to smoke in the past 30 days by gender in workplaces and home among adults 18-69 years (2017 NCD STEPS Survey): Men Women Both Workplace: 18-69yrs 17.4 14.8 15.8 Home: 18-69yrs 33.9 31.5 32.4 | Percentage of students who reported that people smoked in their presence on one or more days during the 7 days before the survey (Tonga GSHS 2017) Age-group Gender M F Total 13-15yrs 54.1 48.1 51.1 16-17yrs 64.0 53.4 58.7 13-17yrs 57.0 49.8 53.5 Exposure to smoke in the past 30 days by gender in workplaces and home among adults 18-69 years (2017 NCD STEPS Survey): Men Women Both Workplace: 18-69yrs 17.4 14.8 15.8 Home: 18-69yrs 33.9 31.5 32.4 | Prevalence of Exposure in children by age group and gender (Tonga GSHS 2017) Age-group Gender M F Total 13-15yrs 54.1 48.1 51.1 16-17yrs 64.0 53.4 58.7 13-17yrs 57.0 49.8 53.5 Exposure by gender in workplaces already reported in the last report 2016 (Tonga STEPS Survey Report 2014) |
| Trinidad and Tobago | AMR | Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by both sexes aged 13 to 15 (2017 GYTS): At home: 25.8% Public places: 30.2% Students who saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside school property: 31.9% Adult exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home on 1 or more of the past 7 days (2012 survey) Men aged 15-64: - 15.3% Women aged 15-64: 20.1% Both sexes-:17.8% Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the workplace on 1 or more of the past 7 days: Men aged 15-64: 21.2:% Women aged 15-64: 12.6 Both sexes: 16.7% | Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by both sexes aged 13 to 15 (2017 GYTS): At home: 25.8% Public places: 30.2% Students who saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside school property: 31.9% Adult exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home on 1 or more of the past 7 days (2012 survey) Men aged 15-64: - 15.3% Women aged 15-64: 20.1% Both sexes-:17.8% Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the workplace on 1 or more of the past 7 days: Men aged 15-64: 21.2:% Women aged 15-64: 12.6 Both sexes: 16.7% | Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the home on 1 or more of the past 7 days Men - 15.3% Women - 20.1% Total - 17.8% Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace on 1 or more of the past 7 days Men - 21.2% Women - 12.6% Total - 16.7% |
| Tunisia | EMR | - 46.7% des élèves (13-15 ans) ont été exposés dans leur foyer à la fumée de la cigarette - 62.1% d’entre eux (63.6% pour les garçons VS 60.5% pour les filles) ont été exposés dans d’autres lieux. | - 46.7% des élèves (13-15 ans) ont été exposés dans leur foyer à la fumée de la cigarette - 62.1% d’entre eux (63.6% pour les garçons VS 60.5% pour les filles) ont été exposés dans d’autres lieux. | 50,3% des élèves (13-15 ans) ont été exposés dans leur foyer à la fumée de la cigarette 2/3 d’entre eux (64% pour les garçons VS 59,2% pour les filles) ont été exposés dans d’autres lieux. 50% d’entre eux ont été exposés à la fumée des cigarettes de leurs camarades et/ou de leurs parents. 11,1% déclarent qu’ils ont été exposés à la fumée d’une autre personne fument la chicha à la maison. |
| Turkmenistan | EUR | на дому | на рабочем месте, на дому | на рабочем месте, на дом |
| Tuvalu | WPR | According to GYTS 2018, percentage of students ages 13 to 15 years who reported people smoked in their presence on one or more days during the past seven days in their home: 43.4% both; 38.7% males; 47.2% females. Percentage of students ages 13 to 15 years who reported people smoked in their presence on one or more days during the past seven days in an enclosed public place: 28.9% both; 29% male; 28.8% female. According to 2015 NCD STEPS Survey, adults 18-69 years reported being exposed to SHS in the past 30 days in a workplace: Both 41.8%; Male 50%; Female 33.4%. They reported being exposed inside their homes in the past 30 days: Both 52.6%; Male 53.4%; and 51.9% Female. | According to GYTS 2018, percentage of students ages 13 to 15 years who reported people smoked in their presence on one or more days during the past seven days in their home: 43.4% both; 38.7% males; 47.2% females. Percentage of students ages 13 to 15 years who reported people smoked in their presence on one or more days during the past seven days in an enclosed public place: 28.9% both; 29% male; 28.8% female. According to 2015 NCD STEPS Survey, adults 18-69 years reported being exposed to SHS in the past 30 days in a workplace: Both 41.8%; Male 50%; Female 33.4%. They reported being exposed inside their homes in the past 30 days: Both 52.6%; Male 53.4%; and 51.9% Female. | Report not provided |
| Uganda | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Ukraine | EUR | Between 2010 and 2017, the overall SHS exposure in workplaces reduced by more than half (from 31.9% in 2010 to 14.3% in 2017). Similar changes were observed for non-smokers: SHS exposure at work decreased from 24.6% in 2010 to 10.5% in 2017. Between 2010 and 2017 exposure at home declined from 22.9% to 13.0% overall, and from 14.2% to 7.3% for non-smokers. At the same time, according to STEPS 2019, in last 30 days: 22% of population 18-69 was exposed to SHS at home; 23% of population 18-69 was exposed to SHS at workplace; | Between 2010 and 2017, the overall SHS exposure in workplaces reduced by more than half (from 31.9% in 2010 to 14.3% in 2017). Similar changes were observed for non-smokers: SHS exposure at work decreased from 24.6% in 2010 to 10.5% in 2017. Between 2010 and 2017 exposure at home declined from 22.9% to 13.0% overall, and from 14.2% to 7.3% for non-smokers. | Between 2010 and 2017, the overall SHS exposure in workplaces reduced by more than half (from 31.9% in 2010 to 14.3% in 2017). Similar changes were observed for non-smokers: SHS exposure at work decreased from 24.6% in 2010 to 10.5% in 2017. Between 2010 and 2017 exposure at home declined from 22.9% to 13.0% overall, and from 14.2% to 7.3% for non-smokers. |
| United Arab Emirates | EMR | المنزل و الأماكن العامه المغلقه | المنزل و الأماكن العامه المغلقه | المنزل و الأماكن العامه المغلقه |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | EUR | In 2018, 30% of adults had self-reported exposure to second-hand smoke. The was highest among those aged 16-24, over half of this age group reported at least some exposure. Exposure was most likely to occur in outdoor smoking areas of pubs/restaurants/cafes. Men and women reported similar exposure to other people’s smoke (32% and 29% respectively). Among young people, exposure to second hand smoke has declined. In 2021, 48% of young people aged 11-15 were exposed to second hand smoke at home/someone elses home in the last year, down from 55% in 2018. Similarly, exposure in a family or someone elses car has dropped from 23% in 2018 to 20% in 2021. In 2017, 76% of non-smokers were not exposed to second hand (environmental) tobacco smoke, as measured by undetectable levels of saliva cotinine. This is an increase from 2013, when 75% had undetectable saliva cotinine levels. | In 2018, 30% of adults had self-reported exposure to second-hand smoke. The was highest among those aged 16-24, over half of this age group reported at least some exposure. Exposure was most likely to occur in outdoor smoking areas of pubs/restaurants/cafes. Men and women reported similar exposure to other people’s smoke (32% and 29% respectively). Among young people, exposure to second hand smoke has declined. In 2018, 55% of young people aged 11-15 were exposed to second hand smoke at home/someone elses home in the last year, down from 57% in 2016. Similarly, exposure in a family or someone elses car has dropped from 34% in 2014 to 23% in 2018. In 2017, 76% of non-smokers were not exposed to second hand (environmental) tobacco smoke, as measured by undetectable levels of saliva cotinine. This is an increase from 2013, when 75% had undetectable saliva cotinine levels. | In 2015, 28% of adults had self-reported exposure to second-hand smoke. The was highest among those aged 16-24, with over half of this age group reported at least some exposure. Exposure was most likely to occur in outdoor smoking areas of pubs/restaurants/cafes. More men than women reported exposure to other people’s smoke (31% and 26% respectively). Among non-smokers, 81% were not exposed to second hand (environmental) tobacco smoke, as measured by undetectable levels of saliva cotinine. This is an increase from 2013, when 75% had undetectable saliva cotinine levels. |
| United Republic of Tanzania | AFR | Report not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Uzbekistan | EUR | Почти каждый второй некурящий житель (47,4%; 95% ДИ: 42,6-52,1) подвергается воздействию вторичного табачного дыма дома и почти каждый третий (37,5%; 95% ДИ: 32,6-42,3) подвергается воздействию вторичного табачного дыма на рабочем месте. Взрослое население подвергаются воздействию вторичного табачного дыма больше дома (47,4%; 95% ДИ: 42,6-52,1), чем на рабочем месте (37,5%; 32,6-42,3). При этом, между полами не отмечено существенных различий, т.е. как мужчины, так и женщины, находятся под влиянием вторичного табачного находятся на почти на одинаковом уровне. 16% школьников, подвергались воздействию табачного дыма в закрытых общественных местах, 13,8% - в открытых общественных местах. | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Vanuatu | WPR | 39.7% of students exposed to tobacco smoke at home 57% of students exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place 52.8% of students exposed to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place 47.1% of students saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside on school property | 39.7% of students exposed to tobacco smoke at home 57% of students exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place 52.8% of students exposed to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place 47.1% of students saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside on school property | Report not provided |
| Venezuela | AMR | Report not provided | Answer not provided | Report not provided |
| Viet Nam | WPR | Rate of exposure at home is 56%, in the workplace is 30.9% , on public transport is 31.5%, universities is 40.6%, schools is 24.4%, health facilities is 27.7%. | exposure at home, in the workplace, on public transport and public places | exposure at home, in the workplace, on public transport and public places |
| Zambia | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | 1. Homes-75% are smoke free, 7% allow smoking in some places and 19% have no restrictions 2. Public transportation vehicles-98% are smoke free, 1% allow smoking in some places and 1% have no restrictions 3. Restaurants-93% are smoke free, 5% allow smoking in some places and 1% have no restrictions 4. Indoors at workplaces-67% are smoke free, 6% allow smoking in some places and 28% have no restrictions 5. Bars-48% are smoke free, 19% allow smoking in some places and 3% have no restrictions |
| Russian Federation | EUR | По результатам Мониторинга 2019 г. потребление табака в домах и квартирах (где по закону не действует запрет на потребление табака) разрешено только в 24% случаев, что почти в два раза меньше по сравнению с 2017 годом (46,8%). В личном автомобиле в 2019 г. курение было разрешено только у 19,5% россиян, против 42,7% в 2017г. Результаты свидетельствуют об эффективности информационно-коммуникационных и просветительских мер российской антитабачной политики. По данным Мониторинга 2019 г. очевидцами курения в кафе, ресторанах и барах были 8,75% россиян, против 14% в 2017 г. Однако стало больше количество очевидцев нарушения запрета на курение в ночных клубах и дискотеках внутри помещений - 26,6% в 2019 г. против 23,5% в 2017 соответственно, что свидетельствует о недостаточном контроле и надзоре со стороны правоохранительных органов. Очевидцы нарушения запрета курения на рабочих местах в 2019 г. составили только 7%, что более чем в 2 раза меньше, по сравнению с 2017 г. (14,4%). По соблюдению запрета курения в других общественных местах, территориях и объектах также произошли положительные изменения - % очевидцев нарушения запрета на курение в следующих общественных местах в 2019 году по сравнению с 2017 годом составил: 2017 2019 В медицинских учреждениях 5,5% 3,75% В школах или колледжах 9,5% 8,2% В университетах и на территории университетов 25,4% 18,7% В правительственных учреждениях 11,1% 10,9% В автобусах 9,4% 9,2% В электричках 11,2% 9,4% На пляжах 49,5% 39,9% На стадионах 30,2% 21,7% В подъездах домов 58,1% 48,2% На автрозаправочных станциях 9,7% 6,9% В спортивных учреждениях 7% 4,8% В аэропортах 14,6% 10,2% | По результатам Мониторинга 2019 г. потребление табака в домах и квартирах (где по закону не действует запрет на потребление табака) разрешено только в 24% случаев, что почти в два раза меньше по сравнению с 2017 годом (46,8%). В личном автомобиле в 2019 г. курение было разрешено только у 19,5% россиян, против 42,7% в 2017г. Результаты свидетельствуют об эффективности информационно-коммуникационных и просветительских мер российской антитабачной политики. По данным Мониторинга 2019 г. очевидцами курения в кафе, ресторанах и барах были 8,75% россиян, против 14% в 2017 г. Однако стало больше количество очевидцев нарушения запрета на курение в ночных клубах и дискотеках внутри помещений - 26,6% в 2019 г. против 23,5% в 2017 соответственно, что свидетельствует о недостаточном контроле и надзоре со стороны правоохранительных органов. Очевидцы нарушения запрета курения на рабочих местах в 2019 г. составили только 7%, что более чем в 2 раза меньше, по сравнению с 2017 г. (14,4%). По соблюдению запрета курения в других общественных местах, территориях и объектах также произошли положительные изменения - % очевидцев нарушения запрета на курение в следующих общественных местах в 2019 году по сравнению с 2017 годом составил: 2017 2019 В медицинских учреждениях 5,5% 3,75% В школах или колледжах 9,5% 8,2% В университетах и на территории университетов 25,4% 18,7% В правительственных учреждениях 11,1% 10,9% В автобусах 9,4% 9,2% В электричках 11,2% 9,4% На пляжах 49,5% 39,9% На стадионах 30,2% 21,7% В подъездах домов 58,1% 48,2% На автрозаправочных станциях 9,7% 6,9% В спортивных учреждениях 7% 4,8% В аэропортах 14,6% 10,2% | Report not provided |
| Rwanda | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Passive smoking (or second hand exposure to tobacco smoke) was not common (~10-15% of participants exposed either at home or at work), it was higher in homes for the youngest age groups suggesting that smoking at home may be increasing over time. |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | AMR | Home and workplace | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Saint Lucia | AMR | 26.8% of students indicate that they were exposed to tobacco smoke at home, 28.8% of boys and 25.5% of girls. While 42.&% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke inside enclosed public places, 42.5% of boys and 42.9% of girls. 20.9% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke in outdoor public places, 49.9% of boys and 50.4% of girls. (GYTS Saint Lucia, 2017) 16.9% of adults indicated exposure to tobacco smoke at home one or more days per week, 20.3% of adult males and 13.7% of adult females. While 18.3% of adults indicated exposure to tobacco smoke at the workplace on one or more days per week, 23.6% of adult males and 13% of adult females. (Saint Lucia STEPS, 2012) | 26.8% of students indicate that they were exposed to tobacco smoke at home, 28.8% of boys and 25.5% of girls. While 42.&% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke inside enclosed public places, 42.5% of boys and 42.9% of girls. 20.9% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke in outdoor public places, 49.9% of boys and 50.4% of girls. (GYTS Saint Lucia, 2017) 16.9% of adults indicated exposure to tobacco smoke at home one or more days per week, 20.3% of adult males and 13.7% of adult females. While 18.3% of adults indicated exposure to tobacco smoke at the workplace on one or more days per week, 23.6% of adult males and 13% of adult females. (Saint Lucia STEPS, 2012) | 26.8% of students indicate that they were exposed to tobacco smoke at home, 28.8% of boys and 25.5% of girls. While 42.&% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke inside enclosed public places, 42.5% of boys and 42.9% of girls. 20.9% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke in outdoor public places, 49.9% of boys and 50.4% of girls. (GYTS Saint Lucia, 2017) 16.9% of adults indicated exposure to tobacco smoke at home one or more days per week, 20.3% of adult males and 13.7% of adult females. While 18.3% of adults indicated exposure to tobacco smoke at the workplace on one or more days per week, 23.6% of adult males and 13% of adult females. (Saint Lucia STEPS, 2012) |
| Samoa | WPR | 51.7% expose at home 31.1% boys , 48.6% girls 58.5% enclose public places 60% outdoors school - boys 9.2%, girls 12.1% friends house boys- 36.7% boys, 22.5% girls social events boys-13.8% girls - 7.3% public places boys- 6.4% , 6.2% | 51.7% expose at home. 58.5% enclose public places 60% outdoors | Answer not provided |
| Sao Tome and Principe | AFR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Saudi Arabia | EMR | SECONDHAND SMOKE OVERALL (%) MEN (%) WOMEN (%) Adults exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace 16.4 18.8 6.8 Adults exposed to tobacco smoke at home 13.7 16.6 9.2 Public transportation 24.2 27.4 18.2 | يتعر ض 17.2 % من ال سعوديين لدخان التبغ الصادر من مدخن في المنزل , بمتوسط تعرض 5.1 أيام في الاسبوع يتعرض الذكور لدخان الغير بنسبة 20.9 % , بمتوسط 4.8 أيام في الأسبوع . وتتعرض الإناث بنسبة 13.1 % بمتوسط تعرض 5.5 ايام في الأسبوع ويتعرض 14.8 % من السعوديين للدخان الصادر من مدخن أثناء العمل , بمتوسط 2.2 أيام في الأسبوع .يتعرض الذكور لدخان الغير في العمل بنسبة 24.9 % ,بمتوسط تعرض 4.3 أيام في الأسبوع وتتعرض الإناث بن سبة 2.6 % ,بمتوسط تعرض قدرة 1.4 أيام في الأسبوع . | يتعر ض 17.2 % من ال سعوديين لدخان التبغ الصادر من مدخن في المنزل , بمتوسط تعرض 5.1 أيام في الاسبوع يتعرض الذكور لدخان الغير بنسبة 20.9 % , بمتوسط 4.8 أيام في الأسبوع . وتتعرض الإناث بنسبة 13.1 % بمتوسط تعرض 5.5 ايام في الأسبوع ويتعرض 14.8 % من السعوديين للدخان الصادر من مدخن أثناء العمل , بمتوسط 2.2 أيام في الأسبوع .يتعرض الذكور لدخان الغير في العمل بنسبة 24.9 % ,بمتوسط تعرض 4.3 أيام في الأسبوع وتتعرض الإناث بن سبة 2.6 % ,بمتوسط تعرض قدرة 1.4 أيام في الأسبوع . |
| Serbia | EUR | Survey of effects and attitudes related to the Law of Protection of the Citizens from Exposure to Tobacco Smoke is based on the representative sample of population of adults older than 18 years of age and performed in December 2019 (unpublished data). The exposure to SHS is as follows: - at work 39.7% among working population - in educational institutions - 14.9% - in restaurants/cafes/bars - 77.7% | Survey of effects and attitudes related to the Law of Protection of the Citizens from Exposure to Tobacco Smoke is based on the representative sample of population of adults older than 18 years of age and performed in December 2019 (unpublished data). The exposure to SHS is as follows: - at work 39.7% among working population - in educational institutions - 14.9% - in restaurants/cafes/bars - 77.7% | Survey of effects and attitudes related to the Law of Protection of the Citizens from Exposure to Tobacco Smoke is based on the representative sample of population of adults older than 18 years of age and performed in December 2016 (published in 2017). The exposure to SHS is as follows: - at work 34% of working population - in school/university - 6% - in restaurants/cafes/bars - 73% - in other houses of friends/relatives - 76% |
| Seychelles | AFR | Exposed to smoke in any enclosed public places: Boys (13-15 years): 38.8% Girls (13-15 years): 43.2% Exposure to tobacco smoke at home: Boys (13-15 years): 28.5% Girls (13-15 years): 32.5% Exposure at home by adults: reported by 15.1% men, reported by 23.3 % women with question “during the pat 7 days, did anyone smoke in your home when you were present”, age 25-64 | Exposed to smoke in any enclosed public places: Boys (13-15 years): 38.8% Girls (13-15 years): 43.2% Exposure to tobacco smoke at home: Boys (13-15 years): 28.5% Girls (13-15 years): 32.5% Exposure at home by adults: reported by 15.1% men, reported by 23.3 % women with question “during the pat 7 days, did anyone smoke in your home when you were present”, age 25-64 | Exposed to smoke in any enclosed public places: Boys (13-15 years): 38.8% Girls (13-15 years): 43.2% Exposure to tobacco smoke at home: Boys (13-15 years): 28.5% Girls (13-15 years): 32.5% Exposure at home by adults: reported by 15.1% men, reported by 23.3 % women with question “during the pat 7 days, did anyone smoke in your home when you were present”, age 25-64 |
| Sierra Leone | AFR | Answer not provided | Exposure to tobacco at the workplace: men (76.1), women (82.5), both sexes (68.9) Exposure o tobacco at home: men (76.9), women (70.8), both sexes (73.6) | Exposure to tobacco at the workplace men (76.1), women (82.5), both sexes (68.9) Exposure o tobacco at home men (76.9), women (70.8), both sexes (73.6) |
| Singapore | WPR | In the general population, about 16.7% were exposed to tobacco smoke at home on a weekly basis or more frequently (15.2% on a daily basis), either from themselves or from someone else in the home. Among non-smokers, 11.5% were exposed to tobacco smoke at home on a weekly basis or more frequently (10.5% on a daily basis | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Slovakia | EUR | Survey of health awareness and behavior of residents of the Slovak Republic | TOHES Survey - second hand smoke at home GYTS Survey - second hand smoke at home | TOHES Survey - second hand smoke at home GYTS Survey - second hand smoke at home |
| Slovenia | EUR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Results show that 19.7% of adults, aged 15 or more, were exposed to secondhand smoke at home on at least monthly basis, with men having significantly higher percentage compared to women (21.0% vs. 18.4%). Among non-smokers 11.7% of all were exposed to secondhand smoke at home on at least monthly basis (11.3% of non-smoking men and 12.1% of non-smoking women). Overall, 9.1% of target population and 7.5% of non-smokers were exposed to tobacco in indoor work areas in the past 30 days. Regarding gender, there was significantly higher percentage of male workers who were exposed to secondhand smoke than female workers both among all adults (11.8% vs. 6.3%) and among non-smokers (9.7% vs. 5.3%). |
| Solomon Islands | WPR | Report not provided | We can give the data for the overall exposure and this is 79.9% however since we do not have the raw data from this particular GYTS (2008) the requested breakdown cannot be given. We were planning to repeat the GYTS/GSHS this year 2020 - after having it postponed in previous years, however, with the COVID 19 situation we have here with schools closed at the moment and population researches and surveys put on hold, we are currently assessing the situation but it is looking unlikely that we will be able to conduct the GYTS and the GSHS this year. | We can give the data for the overall exposure and this is 79.9% however since we do not have the raw data from this particular GYTS (2008) the requested breakdown cannot be given. |
| Sri Lanka | SEA | 16.7 % of adults who work indoors (0.8Mn adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed areas at their work place | Exposed to tobacco smoke at home, in enclosed public places and outdoor public places (secondhand smoking in the past 7 days) Please refer the GYTS report Sri Lanka 2015 | Exposed to tobacco smoke at home, in enclosed public places and outdoor public places (secondhand smoking in the past 7 days) Please refer the GYTS report Sri Lanka 2015 |
| Nigeria | AFR | Exposure at work place: Overall 17.3%; Male 21.1%; Female 12.0% Exposure at home: Overall 6.6%; Male 7.7%; Female 5.6% Exposure at government buildings: Overall 3.5%; Male 4.9%; Female 2.1% Exposure at health care facilities: Overall 1.9%; Male 2%; Female 1.8% Exposure at restaurants: Overall 7.9%; Male 11.3%; Female 4.4% At public transport: Overall 6.9%; Male 7.6%; Female 6.3% Exposure at bars/night clubs: Overall 7.2%; Male 11.7%; Female 2.8% Exposure among adults who visited restaurants: Overall 29.3%; Male 29.4%; Female 29.2% Exposure among adults who visited bars/nightclubs: Overall 80%; Male 82%; Female 72.8% Exposure among adults who visited coffee shops: Overall 36.3%; Male 37.1%; Female 32.6% | Exposure at work place: Overall 17.3%; Male 21.1%; Female 12.0% Exposure at home: Overall 6.6%; Male 7.7%; Female 5.6% Exposure at government buildings: Overall 3.5%; Male 4.9%; Female 2.1% Exposure at health care facilities: Overall 1.9%; Male 2%; Female 1.8% Exposure at restaurants: Overall 7.9%; Male 11.3%; Female 4.4% At public transport: Overall 6.9%; Male 7.6%; Female 6.3% Exposure at bars/night clubs: Overall 7.2%; Male 11.7%; Female 2.8% Exposure among adults who visited restaurants: Overall 29.3%; Male 29.4%; Female 29.2% Exposure among adults who visited bars/nightclubs: Overall 80%; Male 82%; Female 72.8% Exposure among adults who visited coffee shops: Overall 36.3%; Male 37.1%; Female 32.6% | Exposure at work place: Overall 17.3%; Male 21.1%; Female 12.0% Exposure at home: Overall 6.6%; Male 7.7%; Female 5.6% Exposure at restaurants in the past 30 days: Overall 29.3%; Male 29.4%; Female 29.2% |
| Norway | EUR | How many hours daily respondents spend in a home where someone smokes (last in a survey from 2014). Among men who did not smoke, 1.5% answered that they spent at least 1 hour in a home where someone smokes. Among women the figure was 0.6%. In a survey from 2022, 2.0% / 0.0% among men/women 16-74 years who did not smoke, answered that they spent 1 hour or more a day in a room related to their workplace where other people smoked. | How many hours daily respondents spend in a home where someone smokes (survey from 2014). Among men who did not smoke, 1.5% answered that they spent at least 1 hour in a home where someone smokes. Among women the figure was 0.6%. In a survey from 2017, 1.7%/1.8% among men/women who did not smoke answered that they spent 1 hour or more a day in a room related to their workplace where other people smoked. | How many hours daily respondents spend in a home where someone smokes (survey from 2014). Among men who did not smoke, 1.5% answered that they spent at least 1 hour in a home where someone smokes. Among women the figure was 0.6%. In a survey from 2017, 1.7%/1.8% among men/women who did not smoke answered that they spent 1 hour or more a day in a room related to their workplace where other people smoked. |
| Oman | EMR | في المنزل الأولاد 12.8 البنات 11.2 المجموع 11.9 خارج المنزل في اماكن مغلقة الأولاد 32.4 البنات 31.7 المجموع 32 | في المنزل الأولاد 12.8 البنات 11.2 المجموع 11.9 خارج المنزل في اماكن مغلقة الأولاد 32.4 البنات 31.7 المجموع 32 | في المنزل الأولاد 12.8 البنات 11.2 المجموع 11.9 خارج المنزل في اماكن مغلقة الأولاد 32.4 البنات 31.7 المجموع 32 |
| Pakistan | EMR | Report not provided | Adults exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace: 69.1% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke at home at least monthly: 48.3% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke in restaurants: 86.0% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke in marriage halls: 65.7% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke in health care facilities: 37.6% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke on public transportation: 76.2% | Adults exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace: 69.1% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke at home at least monthly: 48.3% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke in restaurants: 86.0% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke in marriage halls: 65.7% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke in health care facilities: 37.6% Adults exposed to tobacco smoke on public transportation: 76.2% |
| Paraguay | AMR | Exposición en el hogar : media de 4.9 días , siendo mas elevado en mujeres media de 5.8 días que en hombres 4 días en el caso de los hombres si analizamos por grupo etario el valor mas elevado se encuentra entre los 15-24 años mientras que en las mujeres de 45-54 años Exposición en el trabajo: media de 3.3 días, siendo hombres 3.4 días y mujeres 3.3 días siendo mas elevada en el grupo etario de 25-54 años tanto en hombres como en mujeres | En el hogar: Masculino: 4.0% Femenino: 5.8% Total: 4.9% Fuera del hogar: Masculino: 3.4% Femenino: 3.3% Total: 3,3% | En el hogar: Masculino: 4.0% Femenino: 5.8% Total: 4.9% Fuera del hogar: Masculino: 3.4% Femenino: 3.3% Total: 3,3% |
| Peru | AMR | Answer not provided | En el GYPS 2019, Evalúa exposición de los escolares al huno de tabaco los lugares públicos y en hogares, La Encuesta Global de Tabaco Juvenil (GYTS), un componente del Sistema Mundial de Vigilancia del Tabaco (GTSS), es un estándar global para monitorear sistemáticamente el consumo de tabaco entre los jóvenes (fumadores y sin humo) y rastrear indicadores clave de control del tabaco. Es una encuesta transversal, representativa a nivel nacional basada en la escuela de estudiantes en grados asociados con edades de 13 a 15 años. Un total de 4,148 estudiantes elegibles en los grados 1 a 5 completaron la encuesta, de los cuales 2,593 tenían entre 13 y 15 años. Dicho estudio nos reporta: * El 10.9% de los estudiantes estuvieron expuestos al humo de tabaco en el hogar. * El 27.8% de los estudiantes estuvieron expuestos al humo de tabaco dentro de lugares públicos cerrados. * El 6.3% de los estudiantes, el 7.1% de los niños y el 5.4% de las niñas usan cigarrillos electrónicos actualmente. | Exposición en aeropuertos, hospitales, restaurantes, bares, instituciones públicas y escuelas secundarias |
| Poland | EUR | Answer not provided | Exposure to tobacco smoke at: home – 6%; workplaces – 7%; restaurant – 4%; café – 5%; bar/pub – 7%; disco & music clubs – 3%; shopping centre – 4%; sport facilities – 3%; parks/beach – 6%; recreation places – 3%; playground – 2%; cultural facilities – 2%; educational facilities – 2%; health places – 2%; state institutions – 2% public transport vehicles – 3%, public transports stops – 11% | ADULTS: exposed at home: 40%, workplace: 8%, bars and pubs: 12%, coffeehouses: 6%, restaurants: 7%, discos/clubs: 9%, shopping centres: 5%, sports facilities: 6%, recreational facilities: 6%, playgrounds: 5%, public parks and oublic beaches: 17%, cultural facilities: 2%, educational facilities: 3%, educational facilities - percentage of exposed minors (15-19years old): 12%, healthcare facilities: 2%, public offices and institutions: 3%, public transport facilities (including bus-stops): 23%, means of public transport: 4% |
| Portugal | EUR | In 2019, 686.109 persons aged 15 yeras old and over were exposed daily to tobacco smoke (9,5% males, 6,5% females). Daily Exposure to ETS: Both sexes Males Females Never/rarely 91,7% 90,0% 93,2% < 1 hour/day 4,3% 4,5% 3,5% >=1hour /day 4,0% 4,6% 2,9% Population 15 years old and over, daily exposed to ETS, by places of exposure House - 30,4% 19,1% 44,2% Workplaces - 25,7% 24,0% 22,7% Leasure places - 34,0% 46,2% 19,0% Other places - 9,4 4,9% (x) | Population aged 15 years or more - Daily time of exposure to tobacco smoke (% of exposed). 1hr ou more: Less than 1 hr : Never or occasionally: Man: 5.9 % Man: 3.9 % Man: 90.1% Women: 4,0% Women: 3.5 % Women: 92.5% Total: 4.9 % Total: 3.7 % Total: 91.3% | Population aged 15 years or more - Daily time of exposure to tobacco smoke (% of exposed). 1hr ou more: Less than 1 hr : Never or occasionally: Man: 5.9 % Man: 3.9 % Man: 90.1% Women: 4,0% Women: 3.5 % Women: 92.5% Total: 4.9 % Total: 3.7 % Total: 91.3% |
| Qatar | EMR | Answer not provided | Overall, 12.0% of adults (8.3% of Qatari, 13.8% and of non-Qatari) who worked indoors were exposed to tobacco smoke, 16.8% (16.7% of Qatari and 16.9% of non-Qatari) were exposed at their homes, and 25.9% (29.2% of Qatari and 24.1% of non-Qatari) were exposed in restaurants. GATS 2013 results showed: - showed that 8.3% of Qatari and 13.8% of Non-Qatari who worked indoors were exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace. 16.7% of Qatari nationals and 16.9% of Non-Qatari nationals were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. It is clearly seen that there is a gender difference in the place of exposure, as women tend to be exposed at home more than men especially if they are not smokers (17.3% vs. 9.3% among Qatari & 14.2% vs. 8.3% among Non Qatari). -Despite the presence of a tobacco law that bans smoking in public places in Qatar, 29.2% of Qatari and 24.1% of non-Qatari were exposed to tobacco smoke in restaurants. There is no difference based on nationality or gender. Exposure in government building is lower than other public places, since this law is more strictly enforced. | Overall, 12.0% of adults (8.3% of Qatari, 13.8% and of non-Qatari) who worked indoors were exposed to tobacco smoke, 16.8% (16.7% of Qatari and 16.9% of non-Qatari) were exposed at their homes, and 25.9% (29.2% of Qatari and 24.1% of non-Qatari) were exposed in restaurants. GATS 2013 results showed: - showed that 8.3% of Qatari and 13.8% of Non-Qatari who worked indoors were exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace. 16.7% of Qatari nationals and 16.9% of Non-Qatari nationals were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. It is clearly seen that there is a gender difference in the place of exposure, as women tend to be exposed at home more than men especially if they are not smokers (17.3% vs. 9.3% among Qatari & 14.2% vs. 8.3% among Non Qatari). -Despite the presence of a tobacco law that bans smoking in public places in Qatar, 29.2% of Qatari and 24.1% of non-Qatari were exposed to tobacco smoke in restaurants. There is no difference based on nationality or gender. Exposure in government building is lower than other public places, since this law is more strictly enforced. |
| Republic of Korea | WPR | 1. Adults (19 years old and over): Rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among adults were 9.1 % (male 11.5%, female 6.7%) in the workplace, 3.3% (male 2.1%, female 4.3%) at home, and 6.8%(male 8.1%, female 5.8%) in indoor public places.. * Indoor workplace: The rates of people who do not smoke regular cigarette (including those who smoked regular cigarette in the past) and have smelled the cigarette smoke of another person inside the workplace in which they currently work in the past seven days * Indoor houses/public places: The rates of people who do not smoke regular cigarette (including those who smoked regular cigarette in the past) and have smelled the cigarette smoke of another person inside their houses or public places 2. Adolescents(13 to 18 years old): Rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among adolescents were 23.3%. (male 22.3%, female 24.4%) at home, 7.9% (male 8.4%, female 7.4%) at indoor of school, and 40.0%(male 32.8%, female 47.7%) in indoor public places. * Indoor houses: The rates of people who have inhaled the cigarette smoke of another person in the past seven days inside students’ houses * Indoor schools: The rates of people who have inhaled the cigarette smoke of another person in the past seven days inside schools (classrooms, bathrooms, corridors, etc.) * Indoor public places: The rate of people who have inhaled the cigarette smoke of another person in the past seven days indoor places excluding houses and schools (stores, restaurants, shopping malls, concert halls, Internet cafes, karaoke, etc.) | 1. Adults (19 years old and over): Rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among adults were 11.9 % (male 15.2%, female 8.9%) in the workplace, 3.9% (male 0.9%, female 5.9%) at home, and 15.4%(male 18.2%, female 13.5%) in indoor public places. *These data show the rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among current non-smokers in the indoor workplace, at home, and indoor public places within 7 days. 2. Adolescents(13 to 18 years old): Rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among adolescents were 37.1%. (male 29.3%, female 34.3%) at home, 21.6% (male 20.8%, female 22.4%) at indoor of school, and 52.5%(male 46.2%, female 59.3%) in indoor public places. *These data show the rates of who have been smelled tobacco smokes from others’ smoking among adolescents at home within 7 days. And the rates of exposure to tobacco smoke from others’ smoking at indoor of school(classroom, restroom, hallway, etc) or indoor public places(store, restaurant, shopping mall, theatre, internet café, etc) within 7 days. *Pay attention when comparing data of previous years since questionnaire for ‘Adolescents exposure to tobacco smoke’ was changed from 2019 | 1. Adults (19 years old and over): Rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among adults were 17.8 % (male 24.0%, female 12.2%) in the workplace, 6.1% (male 3.4%, female 7.8%) at home, and 21.1%(male 26.6%, female 17.5%) in indoor public places. *These data show the rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among current non-smokers in the indoor workplace, at home, and indoor public places 2. Rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among adolescents were 27.9%. (male 27.3%, female 28.4%) at home. *In accordance with the Korea Youth Risk Behaviour Web-based Survey 2015, rates of exposure to tobacco smoke among adolescents means adolescents who have been exposed to tobacco smoke from other family members or guests’ smoking at home within 7 days. |
| New Zealand | WPR | Answer not provided | Information is available on exposure to tobacco smoke in homes and private vehicles by gender, age, and ethnic group. Smoking in indoor workplaces and on public transport in prohibited. | At home (and in private cars) - by gender, age group, ethnic group and socioeconomic group. Smoking in indoor workplaces and on public transport in prohibited. |
| Nicaragua | AMR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Niger | AFR | Report not provided | Answer not provided | Report not provided |
| Netherlands | EUR | In 2021, 8.7% of non-smokers reported having been regularly exposed to secondhand smoke indoors (inside homes or other indoor spaces). Of those, 3.1% were exposed every day and 5.6% were exposed at lees often, but at least once per week. Weekly exposure is higher among men (9.9%) than among women (7.6%). Daily exposure is about the same among men (3,3%) and women (3.0%). Weekly exposure is among among those 18-24 year old (19.7%, daily: 6.1) than among those aged 25-34 (11.1%, daily: 2.2%), and those aged 35 and over (6.8%, daily 2.9%). | 15.8 of non-smoking adults (18+) are daily exposed inside to tobacco smoke of others. Of them, 27.8% are exposed for one hour or more. Among adult men, 17.2% are exposed; among women, this is 14.6%. | 18% of non-smoking adults (18+) are daily exposed inside to tobacco smoke of others. Of them, 29% are exposed for one hour or more. Among adult men, 19% are exposed; among women, this is 16%. |
| Madagascar | AFR | Report not provided | 35,6% des élèves de 13 à 15 ans sont exposés à la fumée du tabac à la maison 52,3% sont exposés dans les lieux publics clos | pas de différenciation de sexe, à la maison, en dehors de sa maison |
| Malaysia | WPR | HOME In Malaysia, 31%,( 95%CI: 29.2, 32.8) of non-smokers reported exposure to secondhand smoke at home. The prevalence was much higher in rural areas (40.3%, 95%CI: 37.2, 43.4) and among males at 37.3% (95%CI: 34.8, 39.9) compared to respondents in urban areas (28.3%, 95%CI: 26.2, 30.5) and among females (24.3%, 95%CI: 22.4, 26.2). For non-smokers, there was much higher exposure to secondhand smoke among others (47.2%, 95%CI: 40.6, 53.9) and other Bumiputras (39.7%, 95%CI: 34.9, 44.9) Compared to Malays (33.8%, 95%CI: 31.9, 35.6), Chinese (15.5%, 95%CI: 20.1, 13.9) and Indians (15.0%, 95%CI: 15.0, 19.6). AT WORK In Malaysia, 27.2%,( 95%CI: 24.3, 30.3) of non-smokers reported exposure to secondhand smoke at WORK. The prevalence was much higher in rural areas 31.6%, (95%CI: 35.7, 28.1) and among males at 36.3% (95%CI: 31.8, 41.1) compared to respondents in urban areas (26.6%, 95%CI: 23.4, 30.0) and among females (17.5%, 95%CI: 14.6, 20.8). | HOME In Malaysia, 31%,( 95%CI: 29.2, 32.8) of non-smokers reported exposure to secondhand smoke at home. The prevalence was much higher in rural areas (40.3%, 95%CI: 37.2, 43.4) and among males at 37.3% (95%CI: 34.8, 39.9) compared to respondents in urban areas (28.3%, 95%CI: 26.2, 30.5) and among females (24.3%, 95%CI: 22.4, 26.2). For non-smokers, there was much higher exposure to secondhand smoke among others (47.2%, 95%CI: 40.6, 53.9) and other Bumiputras (39.7%, 95%CI: 34.9, 44.9) Compared to Malays (33.8%, 95%CI: 31.9, 35.6), Chinese (15.5%, 95%CI: 20.1, 13.9) and Indians (15.0%, 95%CI: 15.0, 19.6). AT WORK In Malaysia, 27.2%,( 95%CI: 24.3, 30.3) of non-smokers reported exposure to secondhand smoke at WORK. The prevalence was much higher in rural areas 31.6%, (95%CI: 35.7, 28.1) and among males at 36.3% (95%CI: 31.8, 41.1) compared to respondents in urban areas (26.6%, 95%CI: 23.4, 30.0) and among females (17.5%, 95%CI: 14.6, 20.8). | 1. HOME In Malaysia, More than a quarter (25.9%, 95%CI: 24.6, 27.2) of non-smokers reported exposure to secondhand smoke at home. The prevalence was much higher in rural areas (36.0%, 95%CI: 33.9, 38.3) and among females at 31.3% (95%CI: 29.8, 32.8) compared to respondents in urban areas (22.9%, 95%CI: 21.47, 24.47) and among males (17.1%, 95%CI: 15.6, 18.8). For non-smokers, there was much higher exposure to secondhand smoke among other Bumiputras (33.9%, 95%CI: 30.2, 37.8) and Malays (31.0%, 95%CI: 29.1, 32.7) compared to Chinese (13.2%, 95%CI: 11.4, 15.4) and Indians (17.7%, 95%CI: 14.3, 21.7). 2. WORK PLACE More than one third (37.3%, 95%CI: 35.3, 39.2) of the respondents were exposed to secondhand smoke at work. The proportion of males exposed to secondhand smoke was almost two times higher than females (48.1%, 95%CI: 45.4, 50.9 vs 24.2%, 95%CI: 22.2, 26.4), whilst no significant differences were observed between respondents with different marital status, ethnic groups and residency. There was an inverse relationship between the exposure to secondhand smoke at work and educational attainment, whereby approximately a quarter (25.4%, 95%CI: 23.1, 27.8) of the respondents with tertiary education and almost half (43.9%; 95%CI: 31.3, 57.3) of the respondents with no formal education were exposed to secondhand smoke at work. |
| Maldives | SEA | Exposure to second hand-smoking tobacco smoke at home (Adults 15-69 years) 33.9 % of People are exposed to Second home smoking at their home 10.4% are exposed to second hand smoking at workplace Home, indoor public places, outdoor public places: (Adolescent data-13-15 year olds) 24.9% live in homes where others smoke in their presence 47.0% are around others who smoke in enclosed public places 54.2% are around others who smoke in outdoor public places | Home, indoor public places, outdoor public places: (Adult data-15-64 year olds) 21.3% were exposed to tobacco smoke at home on a daily basis. 17.1% were exposed to tobacco smoke at workplace during the past 30 days Home, indoor public places, outdoor public places: (Adolescent data-13-15 year olds) 34.5% live in homes where others smoke in their presence 43.0% are around others who smoke in enclosed public places 60.2% are around others who smoke in outdoor public places | Home, indoor public places, outdoor public places: (Adult data-15-64 year olds) 21.3% were exposed to tobacco smoke at home on a daily basis. 17.1% were exposed to tobacco smoke at workplace during the past 30 days Home, indoor public places, outdoor public places: (Adolescent data-13-15 year olds) 34.5% live in homes where others smoke in their presence 43.0% are around others who smoke in enclosed public places 60.2% are around others who smoke in outdoor public places |
| Mali | AFR | Report not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Marshall Islands | WPR | 52.1% were exposed to smoke from others at home during the week preceding the survey (54.7% boys and 50.5% girls) 59.7% were exposed to smoke in public places during the week preceding the survey (60.5% boys and 60.6%girls) | Report not provided | 52.1% were exposed to smoke from others at home during the week preceding the survey (54.7% boys and 50.5% girls) 59.7% were exposed to smoke in public places during the week preceding the survey (60.5% boys and 60.6%girls) |
| Mauritania | AFR | Report not provided | Les données sur lexposition à la fumée concernent lexposition à la maison et dans les lieux publics fermés | Answer not provided |
| Mauritius | AFR | Answer not provided | % male students (13-15yrs) : exposed at home: 30.5% exposed outside their home: 48.8% % female students (13-15yrs) : exposed at home: 328.3% exposed outside their home:43.0% | % male students (13-15yrs) : exposed at home: 30.5% exposed outside their home: 48.8% % female students (13-15yrs) : exposed at home: 328.3% exposed outside their home:43.0% |
| Micronesia (Federated States of) | WPR | Exposure by youth at home | Exposure by youth at home | Exposure by youth at home |
| Mongolia | WPR | Report not provided | exposure during the last 30 days at home -40.9%, by gender -45.8% of females , for men 36% exposure at workplace 25.5%, for males-31.9%, females 19.4%, exposure at work in urban place - 32.7%, in rural place 19%, | exposure during the last 30 days at home -40.9%, by gender -45.8% of females , for men 36% exposure at workplace 25.5%, for males-31.9%, females 19.4%, exposure at work in urban place - 32.7%, in rural place 19%, |
| Mozambique | AFR | Report not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Myanmar | SEA | Total - 39.1 %, Male - 32.1%, Female - 46.0% (Exposure tobacco smoke at home) Total - 27.5 %, Male - 31.8%, Female - 23.6% (Exposure tobacco smoke at work place) | Total - 39.1 %, Male - 32.1%, Female - 46.0% (Exposure tobacco smoke at home) Total - 27.5 %, Male - 31.8%, Female - 23.6% (Exposure tobacco smoke at work place) | Total - 39.1 %, Male - 32.1%, Female - 46.0% (Exposure tobacco smoke at home) Total - 27.5 %, Male - 31.8%, Female - 23.6% (Exposure tobacco smoke at work place) |
| Namibia | AFR | Report not provided | 38.1% live in homes where others smoke in their presence 49.9% are around others who smoke in places outside their home 34.2% think smoking should be banned from public places 35.1% think smoke from others is harmful to them 26.7% have one or more parents who smoke 9.1% have most or all friends who smoke | Report not provided |
| Nauru | WPR | Report not provided | Percentage of students who reported people smoked in their presence on one or more days during the past seven days Boys 13-17 years: 54.3% Girls 13-17 years: 68.7% Total 13-17 years: 61.8% | Report not provided |
| Jamaica | AMR | 65.6% (69.8% boys and 61.7% girls) of students, aged 13-15 years old reported people smoking in their presence one one or more days during the past seven days | 65.6% (69.8% boys and 61.7% girls) of students, aged 13-15 years old reported people smoking in their presence one one or more days during the past seven days | 69.5% (69.9% boys and 69.4% girls) of students, aged 13-15 years old reported people smoking in their presence one one or more days during the past seven days |
| Jordan | EMR | GYTS (2014) - Age 13-15 years old Exposed to tobacco smoke at home, Overall 60.0 (Boys 57.3 Girls 62.9) Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place, Overall, 62.4(Boys 63.0 Girls 61.7) Exposed to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place, Overall 56.2(Boys 58.8 Girls 53. STEP Survey (2019) - Jordanians only 18-69 years old Overall smoking exposure: 75.8% men, 82% women, 78.8% both sexes Second hand smoking at home: 51.8% men, 75.3% women, 63.4% both sexes Second hand smoking at Work: 33.7% men, 4.1% women, 19.1% both sexes Second hand smoking in Restaurant/Café: 20.9% men,8.8% women, 14.9% both sexes Second hand smoking in a Hospital/Health care centre: 5.2% men,6.3% women, 5.8% both sexes Second hand smoking in Governmental Institutions: 9.1% men, 5.3% women, 7.2% both sexes Second hand smoking in University/School: 8.2% men, 4.5% women, 6.3% both sexes Second hand smoking in Public Transportation: 40.5% men, 34.6% women, 37.6% both sexes Second hand smoking in Other Places: 6.1% men, 4.4% women, 5.3% both sexes | GYTS (2014) - Age 13-15 years old Exposed to tobacco smoke at home, Overall 60.0 (Boys 57.3 Girls 62.9) Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place, Overall, 62.4(Boys 63.0 Girls 61.7) Exposed to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place, Overall 56.2(Boys 58.8 Girls 53. STEP Survey (2019) - Jordanians only 18-69 years old Overall smoking exposure: 75.8% men, 82% women, 78.8% both sexes Second hand smoking at home: 51.8% men, 75.3% women, 63.4% both sexes Second hand smoking at Work: 33.7% men, 4.1% women, 19.1% both sexes Second hand smoking in Restaurant/Café: 20.9% men,8.8% women, 14.9% both sexes Second hand smoking in a Hospital/Health care centre: 5.2% men,6.3% women, 5.8% both sexes Second hand smoking in Governmental Institutions: 9.1% men, 5.3% women, 7.2% both sexes Second hand smoking in University/School: 8.2% men, 4.5% women, 6.3% both sexes Second hand smoking in Public Transportation: 40.5% men, 34.6% women, 37.6% both sexes Second hand smoking in Other Places: 6.1% men, 4.4% women, 5.3% both sexes | دراسة المسح العالمي لانتشار التبغ بين الشباب 2014 Current tobacco smokers, Overall 23.2 ) Boys 32.8 Girls 13.4) Current cigarette smokers, Overall 11.4 ) Boys 17.3 Girls 5.4) Frequent cigarette smokers, Overall 1.8 ) Boys 3.3 Girls 0.3) Current tobacco users, Overall 24.0 ) Boys 33.9 Girls 13.8) Ever tobacco users, Overall 45.0 (Boys 54.9 Girls 34.8) Exposed to tobacco smoke at home, Overall 60.0 (Boys 57.3 Girls 62.9) Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place, Overall, 62.4(Boys 63.0 Girls 61.7) Exposed to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place, Overall 56.2(Boys 58.8 Girls 53.3) |
| Kazakhstan | EUR | • В 2019 году 11,4% всех взрослых в возрасте 15 лет и старше, работающих в помещении, подвергались воздействию вторичного табачного дыма на работе (14,6% мужчин и 7,8% женщин). • В целом, 9,1% взрослого населения Казахстана сообщили, что подвергались воздействию вторичного табачного дыма в домашних условиях. • В целом, среди взрослых в возрасте 15 лет и старше, которые посещали различные общественные места в течение последних 30 дней, показатели подверженности пассивному курению были следующими: 1,2% в школах, 2,8% в медицинских учреждениях, 4,9% в государственных учреждениях, 5,4% в колледжах и университетах, 9,0% в общественном транспорте, 18,3% в такси, 21,6% в кафе, кофейнях или чайных домах, 24,3% в ресторанах и 78,3% в барах и ночных клубах. • О подверженности воздействию кальянного дыма в целом сообщили 14,7% взрослых, которые в течение последних 30 дней посещали кафе, кофейни и чайные дома, 15,5% тех, кто посещал рестораны, и 71,5% тех, кто посещал бары и ночные клубы. • 3,8% сообщили о воздействии аэрозоля электронных сигарет в ресторанах, 3,7% в кафе, кофейнях и чайных домах, и 5,6% в барах и ночных клубах. • О подверженности воздействию аэрозоля изделий из нагреваемого табака сообщили 2,1% при посещении ресторанов, 2,1% в кафе, кофейнях и чайных домах, и 3,3% в барах и ночных клубах. | Report not provided | Answer not provided |
| Kiribati | WPR | Table 26 shows that there are high rates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). More than half overall (62.7%, 95%CI= 57.6-67.8) have been exposed to ETS in homes in the past 7 days – 63.7% (95%CI= 57.0-70.4) of men and 61.9% (95%CI= 56.0-67.7) of women. | Table 26 shows that there are high rates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). More than half overall (62.7%, 95%CI= 57.6-67.8) have been exposed to ETS in homes in the past 7 days – 63.7% (95%CI= 57.0-70.4) of men and 61.9% (95%CI= 56.0-67.7) of women. | Answer not provided |
| Kuwait | EMR | Exposure of 13-15 years old to tobacco smoke at home was 38.4% ( 36.3% boys, 40.3% girls) exposure to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place was 57.5% and exposssssure to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place was 52.1% | Exposure of 13-15 years old to tobacco smoke at home was 38.4% ( 36.3% boys, 40.3% girls) exposure to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place was 57.5% and exposssssure to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place was 52.1% | Exposure of 13-15 years old to tobacco smoke at home was 38.4% ( 36.3% boys, 40.3% girls) exposure to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place was 57.5% and exposssssure to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place was 52.1% |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | WPR | Report not provided | Exposure at workplace: 63.1% Exposure at public transport: 31% Exposure at health facilities: 11.8% Exposure at restaurants: 57.5% | Exposure at workplace: 63.1% Exposure at public transport: 31% Exposure at health facilities: 11.8% Exposure at restaurants: 57.5% |
| Lebanon | EMR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | Exposure to SHS in restaurants and cafes. Lebanese Air Monitoring Survey on Tobacco Smoke in Indoor Public Places. Study conducted in Lebanon covering 28 venues in 6 cities, with SHS levels founds to be on average in the hazardous range (>251PM2.5 microgram per m3). Results indicate that levels of indoor air pollution in public places are commonly found throughout Lebanon. |
| Lesotho | AFR | Report not provided | Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and in the workplace | Report not provided |
| Liberia | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Answer not provided |
| Libya | EMR | البيت ( ذكور 34.5 - إناث 34.0 - الجنسين 34.3 ) ( البالغين ) العمل( ذكور 55.4- إناث 14.9 - الجنسين 35.0 ) ( البالغين ) البيت ( ذكور 34.7 - إناث 36.6 - الجنسين 34.7 ) ( الشباب ) أماكن عامة ( ذكور 36.3 - إناث 33.7 - الجنسين 35.1 ) ( الشباب ) | البيت ( ذكور 34.5 - إناث 34.0 - الجنسين 34.3 ) ( البالغين ) العمل( ذكور 55.4- إناث 14.9 - الجنسين 35.0 ) ( البالغين ) البيت ( ذكور 34.7 - إناث 36.6 - الجنسين 34.7 ) ( الشباب ) أماكن عامة ( ذكور 36.3 - إناث 33.7 - الجنسين 35.1 ) ( الشباب ) | البيت ( ذكور 34.5 - إناث 34.0 - الجنسين 34.3 ) ( البالغين ) العمل( ذكور 55.4- إناث 14.9 - الجنسين 35.0 ) ( البالغين ) البيت ( ذكور 34.7 - إناث 36.6 - الجنسين 34.7 ) ( الشباب ) أماكن عامة ( ذكور 36.3 - إناث 33.7 - الجنسين 35.1 ) ( الشباب ) |
| Lithuania | EUR | In 2021, 27.2% of the 15–64-year-old population reported that their family members smoke at home (GPS 2021). In 2021, 51.1% of the general population in Lithuania reported that in the last 12 months they were exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke at the entrance to shops, shopping centers, institution buildings, 44.4% - at the entrance to apartment buildings, 34.3% - in outdoor cafes, outdoor terraces where food services are provided, 34.2% - in stations, public transport stops, 30.2% - at outdoor events (open-air concerts, sports events), 23.4% - in the car cabin, 20.6% - in the common areas of apartment buildings (staircases, corridors, elevators), 14.9% - in the premises of catering and entertainment facilities (restaurants, bars, nightclubs, etc.), 10.6% - in the territory of the educational institutions, 9.4% - in the territory of health care institutions. 1 out of 4 employed Lithuanians who took part in the GPS 2021 study reported that they spend part of their working day in premises with tobacco smoke. 3% of the working population spend more than 5 hours per working day in premises with tobacco smoke, 9% - from 1 to 5 hours, 13% - less than 1 hour. Among the non-smoking working population, 9.5% spend at least part of their working day in premises with tobacco smoke (are exposed to second-hand smoke), while among employees who smoke daily – 54% spend at least part of their working day in premises with tobacco smoke. | According to the 2014 survey results, 68 % of men aged 15 and over and 87 % women have stated that they never or almost never have to be in a place where they are exposed to tobacco smoke. 20 % of men and 9 % of women are exposed to tobacco smoke under 1 hour per day, whereas respectively 12 % and 4 % are exposed 1 hour or longer. The largest group of both men and women who constantly have to be in a tobacco smoke environment was in the 25-54 age group. 20% respondents from the city and 25 % respondents from rural areas indicated that they are constantly in the areas where they are exposed to tobacco smoke. | 28 % of men and 12% of women (total - 18 percent) exposed to tobacco smoke at last one hour daily at work. 23 % of men and 19% of women (total - 21 percent) exposed to tobacco smoke at home. |
| Luxembourg | EUR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Eswatini | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Ethiopia | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| European Union | EUR | 16% of respondents who visited a drinking establishment, such as a bar, in the last six months say that, the last time they did so, people were smoking inside. 9% of respondents say that the last time they visited a restaurant during the last six months people were smoking inside. 70% of respondents who visited a drinking or eating establishment in the last six months say that, the last time they did so, people were smoking on an outdoor terrace. | Exposure to tobacco at work in 2014: 27% exposed (17% occasionally, 4 % for less than one hour a day, 3% for 1-5 hours a day, 3% for more than 5 hours a day). Exposure to tobacco smoke in public places in 2017: 20% in bars and 19% in restaurants (percentage exposed during a visit within the last six months). | Exposure to tobacco at work in 2014: 27% exposed (17% occasionally, 4 % for less than one hour a day, 3% for 1-5 hours a day, 3% for more than 5 hours a day). Exposure to tobacco smoke in public places in 2017: 20% in bars and 19% in restaurants (percentage exposed during a visit within the last six months). |
| Fiji | WPR | Report not provided | Exposure to second-hand smoke at home and work was reported by 60.2% (95% CI, 52.9-67.6) and 47.6% (95% CI, 38.6-56.6) respondents respectively. More respondents were exposed in their homes than in the workplaces. However this difference was not significant. In regards to gender, 62.2% (85% CI, 54.3-70.1) of women and 58.5% (95% CI, 50.5-66.4) of men were exposed to smoking at home. At the workplace, more men 53.6% (95% CI, 44.1-63.1) reported exposure to second-hand smoke as compare to women 39.7% (95% CI, 30.0-49.3) women [Table 13]). | Report not provided |
| Finland | EUR | Exposure to tobacco smoke at work, at home or other places (an hour a day or more): men 6,0 % and women 3,3 %. | Exposure to tobacco smoke at work, at home or other places (an hour a day or more): men 6,0 % and women 3,3 %. | Exposure to tobacco smoke at work, at home or other places (an hour a day or more): men 6,0 % and women 3,3 %. |
| Gambia | AFR | AT Home: Male 61.6 and Female 44.8 At Workplace Male 47.0 and Female 19.4 The only available data on exposure is the STEPS Survey 2010. | AT Home: Male 61.6 and Female 44.8 At Workplace Male 47.0 and Female 19.4 The only available data on exposure is the STEPS Survey 2010. | AT Home: Male 61.6 and Female 44.8 At Workplace Male 47.0 and Female 19.4 |
| Ghana | AFR | 23% of students reported exposure to tobacco smoke at home and 39% exposed in enclosed public area. In 2000 41.4% of students were exposed to smoke in public places, reducing to 31.6% in 2006, 32.3% in 2009 | 23% of students reported exposure to tobacco smoke at home and 39% exposed in enclosed public area. In 2000 41.4% of students were exposed to smoke in public places, reducing to 31.6% in 2006, 32.3% in 2009 | 23% of students reported exposure to tobacco smoke at home and 39% exposed in enclosed public area. In 2000 41.4% of students were exposed to smoke in public places, reducing to 31.6% in 2006, 32.3% in 2009 |
| Greece | EUR | Answer not provided | Report not provided | Non Exposed to tobacco smoke: Male: at home (72.8%), in the workplace (79.6%), in public areas (34%) Female: at home (71.4%), in the workplace (92.3%), in public areas (54.2%) |
| Grenada | AMR | Report not provided | At home overall 18.2% of respondents of the GYTS (17% male and 18.6% female) | At home overall 18.2% of respondents of the GYTS (17% male and 18.6% female) |
| Guatemala | AMR | De acuerdo con la Encuesta GYTS 2015, se tienen los siguientes datos sobre la exposición al humo de segunda mano para jóvenes de 13-15 años: En el hogar, 21.6% de jóvenes (20.9% hombres, 22.3% mujeres), lo que muestra una disminución moderada, pero sostenida, con respecto a datos de 2008 y 2006: Exposición de 23.1% y 25.8% respectivamente. En lugares públicos cerrados, 38.6% de jóvenes (37.5% hombres, 39.9% mujeres), lo que muestra una disminución moderada, pero sostenida, con respecto a datos de 2008 y 2006: Exposición de 40.8% y 46.6% respectivamente. | De acuerdo con la Encuesta GYTS 2015, se tienen los siguientes datos sobre la exposición al humo de segunda mano para jóvenes de 13-15 años: En el hogar, 21.6% de jóvenes (20.9% hombres, 22.3% mujeres), lo que muestra una disminución moderada, pero sostenida, con respecto a datos de 2008 y 2006: Exposición de 23.1% y 25.8% respectivamente. En lugares públicos cerrados, 38.6% de jóvenes (37.5% hombres, 39.9% mujeres), lo que muestra una disminución moderada, pero sostenida, con respecto a datos de 2008 y 2006: Exposición de 40.8% y 46.6% respectivamente. | De acuerdo con la Encuesta GYTS 2015, se tienen los siguientes datos sobre la exposición al humo de segunda mano para jóvenes de 13-15 años: En el hogar, 21.6% de jóvenes (20.9% hombres, 22.3% mujeres), lo que muestra una disminución moderada, pero sostenida, con respecto a datos de 2008 y 2006: Exposición de 23.1% y 25.8% respectivamente. En lugares públicos cerrados, 38.6% de jóvenes (37.5% hombres, 39.9% mujeres), lo que muestra una disminución moderada, pero sostenida, con respecto a datos de 2008 y 2006: Exposición de 40.8% y 46.6% respectivamente. |
| Guinea-Bissau | AFR | 31% are living in the households where people smoke 35.3% are exposed to tobacco outside their homes | 31% are living in the households where people smoke 35.3% are exposed to tobacco outside their homes | 31% are living in the households where people smoke 35.3% are exposed to tobacco outside their homes |
| Guyana | AMR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Honduras | AMR | Report not provided | EXPOSICIÓN AMBIENTAL A HUMO DE TABACO EN TEGUCIGALPA. Autores: Ana Navas Acien. Claudia Deyanira Gómez Mass. Victoria Durón H. Enio Alvarenga Chinchilla. / Con el apoyo de la OPS y del IHADFA llevaron a cabo dicho estudio en el año 2005 siendo los principales hallazgos los siguientes: Los niveles encontrados para el conjunto de la ciudad pueden clasificarse como bajos-moderados. Sin embargo, se detectó exposición a humo de tabaco en lugares en los que está prohibido fumar como el aeropuerto o la oficina gubernamental y el nivel de exposición llega a alto o muy alto en los restaurantes y bares. La detección de nicotina en el ambiente indica que existe exposición a los productos tóxicos y carcinógenos que se encuentran en el humo del tabaco. A pesar de haber utilizado un muestreo de conveniencia, se intentó abarcar lugares muy diversos de toda la ciudad, así como niveles socioeconómicos muy diferentes, por lo que podemos pensar que estos resultados reflejan la situación de exposición a humo de tabaco en Tegucigalpa y evaluar la situación de humo ambiental de tabaco para el conjunto de la ciudad. A continuación se presenta la discusión para cada tipo de institución: En promedio en el hospital, los niveles, son en general prácticamente nulos, e inferiores a los encontrados en hospitales similares de otros países, como por ejemplo en el caso de Uruguay (12) donde se evidenció exposición a humo de tabaco en todos los lugares monitorizados en el hospital objeto de estudio9. Sin embargo, se detectó nicotina en algunas salas, fundamentalmente de personal médico. Es por lo tanto prioritario fortalecer programas de ambientes libres de humo que involucren a los profesionales sanitarios. Es importante que los profesionales de la salud tomen la iniciativa con el fin de poder conseguir un hospital 100% libre de humo en un futuro muy próximo. En este sentido es muy positivo el hecho de que el 80% de las personas encuestadas en el hospital estarían de acuerdo en convertir el hospital en un lugar libre de humo. En los colegios, los niveles encontrados son prácticamente nulos, y en general, pueden considerarse libres de humo. Los niveles de exposición a humo de tabaco en la oficina de gobierno son moderados. En la misma está prohibido fumar, sin embargo, es prioritario hacer un esfuerzo con el fin de reducir la presencia de humo en lugares como los baños, los pasillos y escaleras y poder conseguir, para el caso, en un futuro próximo la municipalidad sea un lugar completamente libre de humo. Los edificios de gobierno, deben servir de ejemplo para otros centros de trabajo. 4. En el aeropuerto se encontraron niveles moderados-altos de nicotina, incluidas las salas en las que está prohibido fumar. Esto puede indicar que no se respetan las normas o que la separación entre salas de fumadores y de no fumadores no es adecuada y no protege a los no fumadores de los riesgos derivados del tabaquismo pasivo. 5. La exposición a humo de tabaco en restaurantes y bares es alta o muy alta. Los niveles encontrados son muy similares a los referidos en estudios realizados en otros países de América Latina. Los niveles de exposición en restaurantes y bares suponen especialmente un riesgo para las personas que ahí trabajan y que están expuestas de forma crónica al humo de tabaco. Los niveles recogidos en las zonas de no fumadores adyacentes a zonas de fumadores demuestran la ineficacia de esta medida si no existe separación total de las zonas. Sin embargo, los niveles encontrados en un restaurante en el que está prohibido fumar en todo el espacio indican que es posible reducir el nivel de exposición a humo de tabaco en los restaurantes hasta niveles prácticamente nulos y proteger a los clientes y trabajadores de los riesgos del tabaquismo pasivo. | EXPOSICIÓN AMBIENTAL A HUMO DE TABACO EN TEGUCIGALPA. Autores: Ana Navas Acien. Claudia Deyanira Gómez Mass. Victoria Durón H. Enio Alvarenga Chinchilla. / Con el apoyo de la OPS y del IHADFA llevaron a cabo dicho estudio en el año 2005 siendo los principales hallazgos los siguientes: Los niveles encontrados para el conjunto de la ciudad pueden clasificarse como bajos-moderados. Sin embargo, se detectó exposición a humo de tabaco en lugares en los que está prohibido fumar como el aeropuerto o la oficina gubernamental y el nivel de exposición llega a alto o muy alto en los restaurantes y bares. La detección de nicotina en el ambiente indica que existe exposición a los productos tóxicos y carcinógenos que se encuentran en el humo del tabaco. A pesar de haber utilizado un muestreo de conveniencia, se intentó abarcar lugares muy diversos de toda la ciudad, así como niveles socioeconómicos muy diferentes, por lo que podemos pensar que estos resultados reflejan la situación de exposición a humo de tabaco en Tegucigalpa y evaluar la situación de humo ambiental de tabaco para el conjunto de la ciudad. A continuación se presenta la discusión para cada tipo de institución: En promedio en el hospital, los niveles, son en general prácticamente nulos, e inferiores a los encontrados en hospitales similares de otros países, como por ejemplo en el caso de Uruguay (12) donde se evidenció exposición a humo de tabaco en todos los lugares monitorizados en el hospital objeto de estudio9. Sin embargo, se detectó nicotina en algunas salas, fundamentalmente de personal médico. Es por lo tanto prioritario fortalecer programas de ambientes libres de humo que involucren a los profesionales sanitarios. Es importante que los profesionales de la salud tomen la iniciativa con el fin de poder conseguir un hospital 100% libre de humo en un futuro muy próximo. En este sentido es muy positivo el hecho de que el 80% de las personas encuestadas en el hospital estarían de acuerdo en convertir el hospital en un lugar libre de humo. En los colegios, los niveles encontrados son prácticamente nulos, y en general, pueden considerarse libres de humo. Los niveles de exposición a humo de tabaco en la oficina de gobierno son moderados. En la misma está prohibido fumar, sin embargo, es prioritario hacer un esfuerzo con el fin de reducir la presencia de humo en lugares como los baños, los pasillos y escaleras y poder conseguir, para el caso, en un futuro próximo la municipalidad sea un lugar completamente libre de humo. Los edificios de gobierno, deben servir de ejemplo para otros centros de trabajo. 4. En el aeropuerto se encontraron niveles moderados-altos de nicotina, incluidas las salas en las que está prohibido fumar. Esto puede indicar que no se respetan las normas o que la separación entre salas de fumadores y de no fumadores no es adecuada y no protege a los no fumadores de los riesgos derivados del tabaquismo pasivo. 5. La exposición a humo de tabaco en restaurantes y bares es alta o muy alta. Los niveles encontrados son muy similares a los referidos en estudios realizados en otros países de América Latina. Los niveles de exposición en restaurantes y bares suponen especialmente un riesgo para las personas que ahí trabajan y que están expuestas de forma crónica al humo de tabaco. Los niveles recogidos en las zonas de no fumadores adyacentes a zonas de fumadores demuestran la ineficacia de esta medida si no existe separación total de las zonas. Sin embargo, los niveles encontrados en un restaurante en el que está prohibido fumar en todo el espacio indican que es posible reducir el nivel de exposición a humo de tabaco en los restaurantes hasta niveles prácticamente nulos y proteger a los clientes y trabajadores de los riesgos del tabaquismo pasivo. |
| Hungary | EUR | 83.5% of the population (82.4% of males and 84.5% of females) is never exposed to passive tobacco smoking in their home. 77.7% (73.6% of males and 81.4% of females) is never exposed to passive tobacco smoking in other places. | 84.5% of the population (82.3% for males and 86.4% for females) is never exposed to passive tobacco smoking in their home; 80.3% (76.1% and 84.1%) is never exposed to passive tobacco smoking in other places. | 84.5% of the population (82.3% for males and 86.4% for females) is never exposed to passive tobacco smoking in their home; 80.3% (76.1% and 84.1%) is never exposed to passive tobacco smoking in other places. |
| Costa Rica | AMR | Exposición pasiva al humo del fumado de otras personas por personas de 12 a 70 años Un 45,9% de las personas de 12 a 70 años indicó haber estado expuesto al humo del fumado de tabaco de otras personas en, al menos, un día de la última semana. Un 17,2% señaló que estuvo expuesto los 7 días. Exposición pasiva al humo o vapor de tabaco de terceras personas por colegiales. Un 32,8% de los estudiantes de educación secundaria de 13 a 15 años estuvo expuesto al humo de fumado o vapor de vapeado en, al menos, un día, de los últimos 7 días. Un 8,2% indicó que estuvo expuesto los 7 días anteriores. (Ref. DG-0111-02-2023) | Exposición pasiva al humo de tabaco adultos GATS 2015: El 6,3% de adultos quienes trabajan en espacios cerrados (100 mil) estuvieron expuestos al humo de tabaco en su lugar de trabajo. Un 4,9% de adultos (200 mil adultos) estuvieron expuestos al humo de tabaco en su hogar y el 7,9% de adultos (100 mil adultos) quienes visitaron un restaurante en los últimos 30 días, estuvieron expuestos al humo de Tabaco. Exposición pasiva al humo de tabaco jóvenes GYTS 2013: El 16.7% de los estudiantes estuvo expuesto al humo del tabaco en su hogar. El 40.3% de los estudiantes estuvo expuesto al humo de tabaco ajeno en los lugares públicos cerrados y el 44.1% en lugares públicos abiertos. | Exposición pasiva al humo de tabaco adultos GATS 2015: El 6,3% de adultos quienes trabajan en espacios cerrados (100 mil) estuvieron expuestos al humo de tabaco en su lugar de trabajo. Un 4,9% de adultos (200 mil adultos) estuvieron expuestos al humo de tabaco en su hogar y el 7,9% de adultos (100 mil adultos) quienes visitaron un restaurante en los últimos 30 días, estuvieron expuestos al humo de Tabaco. Exposición pasiva al humo de tabaco jóvenes GYTS 2013: El 16.7% de los estudiantes estuvo expuesto al humo del tabaco en su hogar. El 40% de los estudiantes estuvo expuesto al humo de tabaco ajeno en los lugares públicos cerrados y el 44.1% en lugares públicos abiertos. |
| Côte d'Ivoire | AFR | Il s'agit d'exposition dans les lieux accueillant du public. | Il sagit dexposition dans les lieux accueillant du public. | Il sagit dexposition dans les lieux accueillant du public. |
| Croatia | EUR | 26.1% of the population are exposed to tobacco smoke for at least 1 hour every day. 8.6% of the population is exposed to tobacco smoke for less than one hour a day, and 12.9% of the population is exposed to smoke at least once a week. 12.1% of the population are exposed less than once a week, while 40.3% of the population are never or almost never exposed. | 21% of nonsmokers report being exposed to tobacco smoke in their home: 20.0% male, 21.9% female; 15-24 years 32.9%, 25-44 years 21.9%, 45-64 years 20.7%, 65+ years 14.2 %; elementary school or less 20.1%, high school or short vocational training after elementary school 20.9%, postsecondary higher school or university level 13.8%. 11.7% of nonsmokers report being exposed to tobacco smoke at their work: 15.0% male, 8.3% female; elementary school or less 13.2%, high school or short vocational training after elementary school 13.4%, postsecondary higher school or university level 7.7%. | 21% of nonsmokers report being exposed to tobacco smoke in their home: 20.0% male, 21.9% female; 15-24 years 32.9%, 25-44 years 21.9%, 45-64 years 20.7%, 65+ years 14.2 %; elementary school or less 20.1%, high school or short vocational training after elementary school 20.9%, postsecondary higher school or university level 13.8%. 11.7% of nonsmokers report being exposed to tobacco smoke at their work: 15.0% male, 8.3% female; elementary school or less 13.2%, high school or short vocational training after elementary school 13.4%, postsecondary higher school or university level 7.7%. |
| Cyprus | EUR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | In terms of exposure to smoke, 65% of respondents noted that the last time they visited a drinking establishment they were exposed to indoor smoking, and 51% noted that there was indoor smoking the last time they visited an eating establishment such as a restaurant. No data was reported regarding workplace smoking. |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea | SEA | Report not provided | Proportion of second-hand smoking in indoor workplaces in the last 1 month: Male 51.3%, Female 35.8% Total 43.2% Proportion of second-hand smoking in the living in the the last 1 month: Male 48%, Female 36.5% Total 42% Pulic places: Male 40.2%, Female 42.6% Total 41.5% Health facilities: Male 9%, Female 8.4% Total 8.7% Restaurants: Male 68.8%, Female 69.1% Total 68.9% Public transports: Male 13.6%, Female 12.9% Total 13.2% | Proportion of second-hand smoking in indoor workplaces in the last 1 month: Male 51.3%, Female 35.8% Total 43.2% Proportion of second-hand smoking in the living in the the last 1 month: Male 48%, Female 36.5% Total 42% Pulic places: Male 40.2%, Female 42.6% Total 41.5% Health facilities: Male 9%, Female 8.4% Total 8.7% Restaurants: Male 68.8%, Female 69.1% Total 68.9% Public transports: Male 13.6%, Female 12.9% Total 13.2% |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | AFR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Denmark | EUR | 14 percent answer yes the question if they experience smoking inside the home ( 15 percent male, 12 percent female). It is a little bit higher for the older age groups. | Smoking within the home (indoor): 22% (daily and occationally). 16% of the 22% have children living in the home. Smoking in cars with children present: 3 % | 9.8 percent of all men and 7.8 percent of all women state that they are exposed to tobacco a minimum of 30 minutes per day. 13.8 percent of males in the age group 16-24 years state that they are exposed to tobacco smoke at least 30 minutes per day. For women in the same age group the percentage is 13.7. Last survey was in 2015. So no new data since last questionnaire. |
| Djibouti | EMR | Report not provided | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Dominica | AMR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Egypt | EMR | restaurants 70% - health facilities 49% - work places 61% - public transportation 80% | restaurants 70% - health facilities 49% - work places 61% - public transportation 80% | restaurants 70% - health facilities 49% - work places 61% - public transportation 80% |
| El Salvador | AMR | Exposición por sexo en el hogar Exposición por sexo en lugares públicos abiertos Exposición por sexo en lugares públicos cerrados Exposición en establecimientos educativos | Exposición por sexo en el hogar Exposición por sexo en lugares públicos abiertos Exposición por sexo en lugares públicos cerrados Exposición en establecimientos educativos | Exposición por sexo en el hogar Exposición por sexo en lugares públicos abiertos Exposición por sexo en lugares públicos cerrados Exposición en establecimientos educativos |
| Equatorial Guinea | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Answer not provided |
| Estonia | EUR | Distribution (%) of employed respondents by time spent in smoky rooms at workplace: Males: >5 hours a day 3,7 1–5 hours a day 3,8 5 hours a day 0,8 1–5 hours a day 1,1 5 hours a day 2,0 1–5 hours a day 2,2 5 hours a day 1,3 1-5 hours a day 2,8 | Distribution (%) of employed respondents by time spent in smoky rooms at workplace: Males: >5 hours a day 3,1 1–5 hours a day 3,9 <1 hours a day 10,8 Females >5 hours a day 1,2 1–5 hours a day 0,9 <1 hours a day 6,5 Total >5 hours a day 2,0 1–5 hours a day 2,1 <1 hours a day 8,3 Distribution (%) of respondents by time spent in public spaces where people smoke Total >5 hours a day 0,8 1-5 hours a day 1,7 <1 hours a day 11,2 Distribution (%) of respondents by smoking at home in living quarters (respondent or family member) Males 14,4 Females 10,9 Total 12,3 | Distribution (%) of employed respondents by time spent in smoky rooms at workplace: Males: >5 hours a day 4.6 1–5 hours a day 5.9 <1 hour a day 13.4 Almost never 75.7 Females: >5 hours a day 0.8 1–5 hours a day 1.7 <1 hour a day 6.4 Almost never 90.2 Total: >5 hours a day 2.4 1–5 hours a day 3.4 <1 hour a day 9.3 Almost never 84.2 Distribution (%) of respondents by time spent in public spaces where people smoke: Males: >5 hours a day 1.4 1–5 hours a day 3.0 <1 hour a day 13.5 Almost never 82.2 Females: >5 hours a day 0.4 1–5 hours a day 1.9 <1 hour a day 8.2 Almost never 89.5 Total: >5 hours a day 0.8 1–5 hours a day 2.4 <1 hour a day 10.4 Almost never 86.5 Distribution (%) of respondents by smoking at home in living quarters (respondent or family member): Males: Yes 17.5 No 82.5 Females: Yes 13.7 No 86.3 Total: Yes 15.2 No 84.8 |
| Brunei Darussalam | WPR | Exposure to tobacco smoke at home: overall 35.2%; boys 35.7% & girls 34.8%. Exposure to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public space: overall 52.0%; boys 53.8% & girls 50.2%. Exposure to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public space: overall 52.4%; boys 54.3% & girls 50.2%. | Exposure to smoke (% who reported people smoked in their presence): total: 41.1%; by gender: males 47.3% & females 34.9%. | Exposure to smoke (% who reported people smoked in their presence): total: 41.1%; by gender: males 47.3% & females 34.9%. |
| Bulgaria | EUR | NCPHA: National survey 2020 data was collected on exposure at home and disaggregated by gender and age groups. More than half of the respondents are exposed to passive smoking in their homes (53.7%), with men slightly predominating (54.6%), while in both sexes this share increases after the age of 55. About half of the respondents report that they are practically never in a place where someone smokes (46.2%). A quarter of respondents spend no more than an hour in such a place. Less than one-fifth (16.8%) are exposed to secondary tobacco smoke from one to five hours, with men (19.1%) aged 25-34 years predominating, while women, 20-24-year-olds is the leading group. 11.5% of the respondents spend more than five hours in a smoky environment, women more often than men. In both sexes, these are most often persons aged 35-54 years, while in men, up to 64 years of age, this period is slightly longer. Almost every fourth of all children has been exposed to secondary tobacco smoke in their home on a daily basis, and this share doubles with age; 1-2 days a week in such a situation was every 6th; the others were subjected to passive smoking in their home for 3-4 or 5-6 days. Daily exposure to tobacco smoke indoors by sex 2019, European Health Interview Survey, wave 3 - NSI Total Males Females At least 1 hour every day 17.1 22.1 12.6 Less than 1 hour every day 12.2 13.6 11.0 Less than once a week 15.0 15.5 14.6 At least once a week 10.5 11.8 9.3 Rarely or never 45.2 37.0 52.5 | About half of the studied population aged 13-15 reported nearly identical exposure at their homes and inside enclosed public places (50.8% and 50.6% respectively) somewhat but not significantly more girls (55.4% and 56.6 respectively) than boys (46.7% and 45.2% respectively). | About the half of the studied population aged 13-15 reported nearly identical exposure at their homes and inside enclosed public places (50.8% and 50.6% respectively) somewhat but not significantly more girls (55.4% and 56.6 respectively) than boys (46.7% and 45.2% respectively). |
| Burkina Faso | AFR | La prévalence de lexposition du tabac à fumée à domicile était de 36,3% chez les hommes et femmes âgés de 25 à 64 ans. Elle était de 47,1 % chez les hommes et de 27,2 chez les femmes. Au lieu du travail, elle était de 22,6% chez les hommes et femmes âgés de 25 à 64 ans dont 31,5% chez les hommes et 14,9% chez les femmes. | La prévalence de lexposition du tabac à fumée à domicile était de 36,3% chez les hommes et femmes âgés de 25 à 64 ans. Elle était de 47,1 % chez les hommes et de 27,2 chez les femmes. Au lieu du travail, elle était de 22,6% chez les hommes et femmes âgés de 25 à 64 ans dont 31,5% chez les hommes et 14,9% chez les femmes. | La prévalence de lexposition du tabac à fumée à domicile était de 36,3% chez les hommes et femmes âgés de 25 à 64 ans. Elle était de 47,1 % chez les hommes et de 27,2 chez les femmes. Au lieu du travail, elle était de 22,6% chez les hommes et femmes âgés de 25 à 64 ans dont 31,5% chez les hommes et 14,9% chez les femmes. |
| Burundi | AFR | Report not provided | Answer not provided | Report not provided |
| Cabo Verde | AFR | Em Cabo Verde, a percentagem da população exposta ao fumo em casa, nos últimos 30 dias, é de 13,8% (Gráfico 2.2-13). Essa prevalência é maior nos homens (15,1%) do que nas mulheres (12,5%). Entretanto, ela é ainda maior nos homens com idade compreendida entre 45 e 59 anos (16,8%) e nas mulheres do grupo etário de 30 a 44 anos (14,3%). A percentagem da população exposta ao fumo no local de trabalho, nos últimos 30 dias, é de 15,0%. Essa percentagem é maior nos homens, com 19,0%, do que nas mulheres, com 11,0%. É no grupo etário de 30 a 44 anos que se encontra a maior percentagem da população exposta ao fumo no local de trabalho (18,6%), sendo 23,3% para os homens e 13,9% para as mulheres | Answer not provided | Answer not provided |
| Cambodia | WPR | Report not provided | Exposure by gender at home: Male: 69.5%, Female: 62.1%, Total: 65.6% Exposure by gender at enclosed workplaces: Male: 50.8%, Female: 44.9%, Total: 48% Exposure by gender at public places: 1. Government building: Male: 53.2%, Female: 43.9%, Total: 49.4% 2. Health facilities: Male: 23.2%, Female: 20.3%, Total: 21.6% 3. Restaurants: Male: 78.3%, Female: 73%, Total: 75.8% 4. Public Transport: Male: 35.7%, Female: 31.5%, Total: 33.6% | Exposure by gender at home: Male: 69.5%, Female: 62.1%, Total: 65.6% Exposure by gender at enclosed workplaces: Male: 50.8%, Female: 44.9%, Total: 48% Exposure by gender at public places: 1. Government building: Male: 53.2%, Female: 43.9%, Total: 49.4% 2. Health facilities: Male: 23.2%, Female: 20.3%, Total: 21.6% 3. Restaurants: Male: 78.3%, Female: 73%, Total: 75.8% 4. Public Transport: Male: 35.7%, Female: 31.5%, Total: 33.6% |
| Canada | AMR | British Columbia (BC) – In British Columbia, 9.6% of people aged 12 and older smoked in 2021. The male smoking rate is 11.5% and female smoking rate is 7.8%. BC does not have data broken down by workplace/home etc. Ontario (ON) – In Ontario, 16% of non-smoking Ontarians aged 12 years and over were exposed to secondhand smoke every day or almost every day in public places restaurants, bars, shopping malls and arenas) over the past month in 2015. Among young nonsmokers aged 12 to 18, 30% (or 293,600) were exposed to secondhand smoke in public places in 2015. New Brunswick (NB) – Youth (grades 6-12) exposed to cigarette smoke at home: Overall: 13.3%; Indigenous: 23.5%; Youth (grades 6-12) Exposed to cigarette smoke in a vehicle, last 7 days: Overall: 18.4%; Indigenous: 32% | Aged 15+ years - frequency of exposure in the past 30 days: Every day – 6.2% Almost every day – 7.1% At least once a week – 20.8% At least once in the past month – 29.5↓ % Never – 36.4% Aged 0 to 17 years – regularly exposed to ETS at home. Children aged 0-11 – 1.1*% Children aged 12-17 – 2.7% Children aged 0-17 – 1.7% ↓ Note that this number should be rounded down. * Moderate sampling variability, interpret with caution | Aged 15+ years - frequency of exposure in the past 30 days: Every day – 7.2% Almost every day – 6.2% At least once a week – 18.1% At least once in the past month – 26.2% Never – 42.3% Aged 0 to 17 years – regularly exposed to ETS at home. Children aged 0-11 – 1.8% Children aged 12-17 – 4.8% Children aged 0-17 – 2.9% |
| Chad | AFR | Exposition à la maison: prévalence 23.3%; Garcon = 26.4%; Filles = 18.5% Exposition à la maison: prévalence 36, 9%; Garcon = 37,5%; Filles = 36.0% | Exposition à la maison: prévalence 23.3%; Garcon = 26.4%; Filles = 18.5% Exposition à la maison: prévalence 36, 9%; Garcon = 37,5%; Filles = 36.0% | Exposition à la maison: prévalence 33.9%; Garcon = 34.1%; Filles = 31.2% |
| Chile | AMR | De acuerdo a los datos proporcionados por la ENS 2016-2017 un 15,2% esta expuesta la humo de tabaco en su hogar, lo que una tendencia a la disminución que nos indica una disminución significativa entre la ENS 2016-2017 y 2009-2010.(31%) En el lugar de trabajo disminuye la exposición al humo de tabaco de un 24.8% aun 20.3% La encuesta nacional de calidad de vida (ENCAVI) respecto al consumo de tabaco señala la siguiente prevalencia de consumo en hogar. en el año 2000 se registra un 51%, 2006 un 36,1% y en el período 2015-2016 un 28,1%. Al referirse a lugar de trabajo y estudio indica en el año 2000 un 38,4%, 2006 41,3% y en el período 2015-2016 alcanza un 19,9% (ENCAVI disponible en http://epi.minsal.cl/resultados-encuestas/) Por su parte del Décimo Cuarto Estudio en Población General de SENDA no entrega información adicional sobre exposición al humo de tabaco | De acuerdo a los datos proporcionados por la ENS 2016-2017 un 15,2% esta expuesta la humo de tabaco en su hogar, lo que una tendencia a la disminución que nos indica una disminución significativa entre la ENS 2016-2017 y 2009-2010.(31%) En el lugar de trabajo disminuye la exposición al humo de tabaco de un 24.8% aun 20.3% Por su parte del Décimo Segundo Estudio en Población Escolar de SENDA no entrega información adicional sobre exposición al humo de tabaco | De acuerdo a los datos proporcionados por la ENS 2016-2017 un 15,2% esta expuesta la humo de tabaco en su hogar, lo que una tendencia a la disminución que nos indica una disminución significativa entre la ENS 2016-2017 y 2009-2010.(31%) En el lugar de trabajo disminuye la exposición al humo de tabaco de un 24.8% aun 20.3% |
| Colombia | AMR | Las cifras más recientes sobre exposición al humo de tabaco son las obtenidas en la Encuesta Nacional de Tabaquismo en Jóvenes de 2017. En esta encuesta, las cifras muestran: Población escolar (13 a 15 años) expuesta al humo de tabaco ajeno en espacios cerrados durante los últimos 7 días: 32,5 % Por sexo Masculino 28,4 % Femenino 36 % Por etnia Indígena 29,6 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 29,6 % Sin pertenencia étnica 33,6 % Por zona Urbano 33,8 % Rural 25,8 % Población escolar (13 a 15 años) expuesta al humo de tabaco ajeno en espacios abiertos durante los últimos 7 días: 31,7 % Por sexo Masculino 28,4 % Femenino 34,6 % Por etnia Indígena 30,1 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 28,1 % Sin pertenencia étnica 33,2 % Por zona Urbano 33,2 % Rural 24,3 % Población escolar (13 a 15 años) expuesta al humo de tabaco ajeno en el transporte público durante los últimos 7 días: 12,8 % Por sexo Masculino 12,2 % Femenino 13,3 % Por etnia Indígena 14,5 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 12,6 % Sin pertenencia étnica 11,9 % Por zona Urbano 13,3 % Rural 10,1 % Población escolar (13 a 15 años) que vio a alguien fumar dentro de la escuela o al exterior, en los predios escolares: 24,6 % Por sexo Masculino 26,3 % Femenino 24,7 % Por etnia Indígena 24,6 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 23,4 % Sin pertenencia étnica 26 % Por zona Urbano 27,4 % Rural 16,1 % Población escolar (13 a 15 años) que vio fumar casi todos los días a los profesores al aire libre en los predios escolares Por sexo Masculino 9,7 % Femenino 7,4 % Por etnia Indígena 11 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 7,8 % Sin pertenencia étnica 7,9 % Por zona Urbano 9 % Rural 5,7 % Exposición global al humo de tabaco ajeno, según lugar de exposición. Hogar 14,8 % Espacios públicos cerrados 32,5 % Espacios públicos abiertos 31,7 % Escuela 25,6 % Transporte público 12,8 % En Bogotá, la capital de Colombia, la Secretaría Distrital de Salud, mediante el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, ambiental y sanitaria realiza una encuesta poblacional sobre síntomas respiratorios posiblemente asociados a contaminación del aire en población menor de 14 años y adultos mayores de 60 años en Bogotá D.C. Entre el año 2013 y 2018 se aplicaron 64.760 encuestas a padres o acudientes de niños menores de 14 años, encontrando prevalencias de consumo de tabaco en hogares que oscilan entre 22 % y 26, con una tendencia hacia el aumento entre 2016 y 2018. Al indagar sobre el tabaquismo pasivo (consumo de tabaco en presencia del niño), las prevalencias anuales han estado por debajo del 11%, evidenciando una tendencia descendiente del 9,5 %. La Secretaría Distrital de Salud a través de la vigilancia rutinaria realizada por las Subredes Integradas de Servicios de Salud, regula y vigila el cumplimiento del Convenio Marco de Control del Tabaco y la Ley 1335 del 2009 en establecimientos abiertos al público en el área urbana del Distrito Capital, es así, que entre los años 2015 y el primer semestre del año 2022 se han vigilado 391.130 establecimientos en Bogotá mediante los operativos de control de tabaco y la vigilancia rutinaria de Inspección Vigilancia y Control, del total de establecimientos vigilados se identificaron 16.239 establecimientos que incumplieron en al menos una de las causales a verificar (4,2%). De igual manera, se realizaron en este periodo 5.587 operativos para el seguimiento al cumplimiento de la ley en mención. Dentro de las principales causales de incumplimiento se encuentran la ausencia de un letrero visible que aclare que el espacio está libre de humo de tabaco y la ausencia de estrategias que desestimulan el consumo de tabaco. Es importante mencionar que a partir de las acciones de articulación intersectorial y dando cumplimiento a la normatividad vigente, se pasó de vigilar 4 causales de incumplimiento en el año 2015, a vigilar 9 causales desde el año 2018 y 12 en 2020, que incluyen la verificación de restricción en la venta de cigarrillos a menores de edad, la presencia de etiquetas de advertencia sanitaria que no cumplan con las establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud, la prohibición de toda forma de promoción, publicidad y patrocinio de productos de tabaco, señalización de prohibida la venta de cigarrillos a menores de edad, presencia de zona de fumadores y venta de cajetillas menor a 10 unidades. fuente: SaluData. Disponible en: http://saludata.saludcapital.gov.co/osb/ | Las cifras más recientes sobre exposición al humo de tabaco son las obtenidas en la Encuesta Nacional de Tabaquismo en Jóvenes de 2017. En esta encuesta, las cifras muestran: Población escolar (13 a 15 años) expuesta al humo de tabaco ajeno en espacios cerrados durante los últimos 7 días: 32,5 % Por sexo Masculino 28,4 % Femenino 36 % Por etnia Indígena 29,6 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 29,6 % Sin pertenencia étnica 33,6 % Por zona Urbano 33,8 % Rural 25,8 % Población escolar (13 a 15 años) expuesta al humo de tabaco ajeno en espacios abiertos durante los últimos 7 días: 31,7 % Por sexo Masculino 28,4 % Femenino 34,6 % Por etnia Indígena 30,1 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 28,1 % Sin pertenencia étnica 33,2 % Por zona Urbano 33,2 % Rural 24,3 % Población escolar (13 a 15 años) expuesta al humo de tabaco ajeno en el transporte público durante los últimos 7 días: 12,8 % Por sexo Masculino 12,2 % Femenino 13,3 % Por etnia Indígena 14,5 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 12,6 % Sin pertenencia étnica 11,9 % Por zona Urbano 13,3 % Rural 10,1 % Población escolar (13 a 15 años) que vio a alguien fumar dentro de la escuela o al exterior, en los predios escolares: 24,6 % Por sexo Masculino 26,3 % Femenino 24,7 % Por etnia Indígena 24,6 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 23,4 % Sin pertenencia étnica 26 % Por zona Urbano 27,4 % Rural 16,1 % Población escolar (13 a 15 años) que vio fumar casi todos los días a los profesores al aire libre en los predios escolares Por sexo Masculino 9,7 % Femenino 7,4 % Por etnia Indígena 11 % Negro/Mulato/Afro/Palenquero 7,8 % Sin pertenencia étnica 7,9 % Por zona Urbano 9 % Rural 5,7 % Exposición global al humo de tabaco ajeno, según lugar de exposición. Hogar 14,8 % Espacios públicos cerrados 32,5 % Espacios públicos abiertos 31,7 % Escuela 25,6 % Transporte público 12,8 % En Bogotá, la capital de Colombia, la Secretaría Distrital de Salud, mediante el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, ambiental y sanitaria realiza una encuesta poblacional sobre síntomas respiratorios posiblemente asociados a contaminación del aire en población menor de 14 años y adultos mayores de 60 años en Bogotá D.C. Entre el año 2013 y 2018 se aplicaron 64.760 encuestas a padres o acudientes de niños menores de 14 años, encontrando prevalencias de consumo de tabaco en hogares que oscilan entre 22 % y 26, con una tendencia hacia el aumento entre 2016 y 2018. Al indagar sobre el tabaquismo pasivo (consumo de tabaco en presencia del niño), las prevalencias anuales han estado por debajo del 11%, evidenciando una tendencia descendiente del 9,5 %. Para mayor información, ver Secretaría Distrital de Salud. Observatorio de Salud de Bogotá-SaluData. Disponible en: http://saludata.saludcapital.gov.co/osb/ | Exposición en la vivienda 12% de los individuos reportan que alguien fuma en su vivienda 82% de los que reportan que alguien fuma en su vivienda indican una frecuencia de exposición diaria Exposición en establecimientos educativos 10% Encuestados que estudian indican que en su institución se permite fumar en áreas cerradas 44% Encuestados que estudian indican que en su institución se permite fumar en áreas abiertas Exposición en lugar de trabajo 13% Encuestados que trabajan indican que en su lugar de trabajo se permite fumar en áreas cerradas 44% Encuestados que trabajan indican que en su lugar de trabajo se permite fumar en áreas abiertas |
| Comoros | AFR | 44 % des participants sont exposés à la fumée dans la maison pendant au moins un jour au cours des 7 derniers jours précédants lenquête | 44 % des participants sont exposés à la fumée dans la maison pendant au moins un jour au cours des 7 derniers jours précédants lenquête | 44 % des participants sont exposés à la fumée dans la maison pendant au moins un jour au cours des 7 derniers jours précédants lenquête |
| Congo | AFR | 21.9% est exposé dans les lieux à usage public, 10.5% à la maison, 19.6% dans les lieux publics enfermés | 38% est exposé dans les lieux à usage public, 33% dans les transports en commun, 21% à la maison, 16% dans les bars et 15% au travail | Report not provided |
| Australia | WPR | (1) Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the home at least daily, households with children aged 14 years and under: Someone smokes inside the home: 200,000 households (2) Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the home at least daily, non-smokers(a) aged 14 and over: Someone smokes inside the home: 2.4% | Exposure Males Females Total Someone smokes inside the home 3.4 2.5 2.9 Someone only smokes outside the home 14.2 16.1 15.2 No one at home regularly smokes 82.4 81.5 81.9 | See attached in B24 |
| Austria | EUR | Exposure at home and at least one hour per day (7.4 % men; 7.5 % women 13 %; 7.4% in total) | Exposure at home (13 %; men 13 %, women 13 %), in the workplace (8 %; men 10 %, women 7 %) Exposure to tobacco smoke in general (28 %; men 34 %, women 23 %), Exposure to tobacco smoke at least one hour per day (15 %; men 17 %, women 13 %) | Exposure at home (13 %; men 13 %, women 13 %), in the workplace (8 %; men 10 %, women 7 %) Exposure to tobacco smoke in general (28 %; men 34 %, women 23 %), Exposure to tobacco smoke at least one hour per day (15 %; men 17 %, women 13 %) |
| Azerbaijan | EUR | Among 18–69 years of population, 24.9% were exposed to second-hand smoke at home. The women more likely than men to be exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home (26.5% vs 23.3%). The overall rate of exposed to second-hand smoke in home for both sexes was higher in the young age group (18-44) than older (45-69) (26.6% vs 22.1). Meanwhile, in the workplace only 18.3 from both sexes of respondents were exposed to second-hand smoke. As expected, men were more exposed than women (28.4% vs. 7.7% respectively), which can be explained by a higher share of employed people among the male respondents, especially in rural areas. Differences between age groups (18-44 and 45-69) for all respondents are not notable A significant decline in the trend of ETS at home among women (up to 35%) and men (up to 23%) , and in the trend of ETS at work among men (up to 50%) were observed since submission of the last STEPS 2011 report. | Among 18–69 years of population, 24.9% were exposed to second-hand smoke at home. The women more likely than men to be exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home (26.5% vs 23.3%). The overall rate of exposed to second-hand smoke in home for both sexes was higher in the young age group (18-44) than older (45-69) (26.6% vs 22.1). Meanwhile, in the workplace only 18.3 from both sexes of respondents were exposed to second-hand smoke. As expected, men were more exposed than women (28.4% vs. 7.7% respectively), which can be explained by a higher share of employed people among the male respondents, especially in rural areas. Differences between age groups (18-44 and 45-69) for all respondents are not notable A significant decline in the trend of ETS at home among women (up to 35%) and men (up to 23%) , and in the trend of ETS at work among men (up to 50%) were observed since submission of the last report. | Among 18–69 years of population, 24.9% were exposed to second-hand smoke at home. The women more likely than men to be exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home (26.5% vs 23.3%). The overall rate of exposed to second-hand smoke in home for both sexes was higher in the young age group (18-44) than older (45-69) (26.6% vs 22.1). Meanwhile, in the workplace only 18.3 from both sexes of respondents were exposed to second-hand smoke. As expected, men were more exposed than women (28.4% vs. 7.7% respectively), which can be explained by a higher share of employed people among the male respondents, especially in rural areas. Differences between age groups (18-44 and 45-69) for all respondents are not notable A significant decline in the trend of ETS at home among women (up to 35%) and men (up to 23%) , and in the trend of ETS at work among men (up to 50%) were observed since submission of the last report. |
| Bangladesh | SEA | Male Female Total Home 41.8% 36.5% 39% Work Place 48.2% 19.2% 42.7% Public Transport 48% 38.2% 44% | Workplace: 48.2% male and 19.2% female (Table 6.2, GATS 2017 report) Home: 41.8% male and 36.5% female (Table 6.1, GATS 2017 report) Public Transport: 31.0% male and 16.1% female (Table 6.3,, GATS 2017 report) | 45% in public places. Males (69.4%) were more exposed than females (20.8%). 63.0% in workplace, 26.3% on public transport |
| Barbados | AMR | Answer not provided | Report not provided | Answer not provided |
| Belize | AMR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | Report not provided |
| Benin | AFR | Hommes exposé à la maison 21.6% Femmes exposé à la maison 14.1% Hommes et Femmes exposé à la maison 17.5% Hommes exposé au travail 14.1% Femmes exposé au travail 8.4% Hommes et Femmes exposé au travail 10.2% | Hommes exposé à la maison 21.6% Femmes exposé à la maison 14.1% Hommes et Femmes exposé à la maison 17.5% Hommes exposé au travail 14.1% Femmes exposé au travail 8.4% Hommes et Femmes exposé au travail 10.2% | Hommes exposé à la maison 21.6% Femmes exposé à la maison 14.1% Hommes et Femmes exposé à la maison 17.5% Hommes exposé au travail 14.1% Femmes exposé au travail 8.4% Hommes et Femmes exposé au travail 10.2% |
| Bhutan | SEA | 13.1% were exposed to second-hand smoke at home and 41.4% were exposed at work in the past 30 days (WHO STEPS 2019) | Report not provided | 15.3% (16.3% boys, 14.4% girls) of youths were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 46.6% (47.9% boys and 45.6% girls) were exposed to tobacco smoke at outdoor public places. |
| Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | AMR | Answer not provided | Los jóvenes de 13-15 años están expuestos al humo de tabaco ajeno, siendo los lugares públicos al exterior donde el 26,8% de estudiantes se exponen al HTA con predominio de las mujeres (27,1%) en relación a los varones (26,6%). En el interior de lugares públicos cerrados la exposición es del 25% con predominio de los varones (25,5%) en relación a las mujeres (24,4%). En sus hogares la exposición es del 15,8% con predominio de las varones (17,2%) en relación a las mujeres (14,4%). | El 50,3% de jovenes entre 13 y 15 años, estuvieron expuestos al HTA en lugares públicos abiertos, de los cuales 54.3% eran mujeres y el 49.3% hombres. El 46.6% de los jovenes estuvieron expuestos al HTA en lugares públicos cerrados, de los cuales 50.5% fueron hombres y 49.2% mujeres. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | EUR | Answer YES provided to question B21 refers to the Federation of BIH only, while answer NO refers to the Republic of Srpska. Answers to question B22: For the Federation of BIH: Adult population: At home (54,1%). At work (44,4%). At indoor public places (52,7%). Youth: At home (Boys: 57,0%, Girls: 62,7%, Total 59,9%). In the school (Boys 56,1%, Girls 59,8%, Total 58,0%). At indoor public places (Boys 50,9%, Girls 58,9%, Total 59,9%). For the Republic of Srpska: Total 51.3% of 13-15 years old school children are exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke at home (49.1 boys and 5.5 girls); 53.7% of 13-15 years old school children are exposed to secondhand smoke at closed public places (48.2% boys and 59.9% girls). | Answer not provided | Federation BiH: Exposure to tobacco smoke in the adults (18-65) is 54,1% at home, 44,4% at work and 52.7% in public places. Republic of Srpska: Exposure to tobacco smoke at workplace is 53,6% (males - 60%, females 45,5%). Exposure at the public places is 87,7% (males 83.6%, females 76,4%). In this group of the public place exposure, the biggest number is in the 18 - 24 age group. At home, exposure to the tobacco smoke is 39,9% (male 37,9%, female 41,5%). Brcko District BiH: There are no data available. |
| Botswana | AFR | Exposure in bars and night clubs, exposure in restaurants, in public transport, at work and at home | At home and in the workplace which are regarded as private business places. | At home and in the workplace which are regarded as private business places. |
| Brazil | AMR | Individuals (nonsmokers) of 18 or more exposed to secondhand smoke at home: Men: 7.9 Women: 10.2 Total: 9.2 Individuals (nonsmokers) of 18 or more exposed to secondhand smoke at work indoors: Men: 10.4 Women: 6.7 Total: 8.4 | Individuals (smokers and nonsmokers) of 18 or more exposed to secondhand smoke at least 1 time per month at home: Men: 18.8 (17.9 to 19.8) Women: 17.2 (16.4 to 18.0) Individuals (smokers and nonsmokers) of 18 or more exposed to secondhand smoke at work among those who work indoors / both: Men: 20.5 (19.2 to 21.9) Women: 12.1 (11.0 to 13.3) | Individuals (smokers and nonsmokers) of 18 or more exposed to secondhand smoke at least 1 time per month at home: Men: 18.8 (17.9 to 19.8) Women: 17.2 (16.4 to 18.0) Individuals (smokers and nonsmokers) of 18 or more exposed to secondhand smoke at work among those who work indoors / both: Men: 20.5 (19.2 to 21.9) Women: 12.1 (11.0 to 13.3) |
| Algeria | AFR | - Exposition à domicile : 30.5 % - Exposition dans les zones fermées et les lieux de travail : 35.6 % | - Exposition à domicile : 30.5 % - Exposition dans les zones fermées et les lieux de travail : 35.6 % | - Exposition à la maison: 30.0 % - Exposition dans les lieux publics : 34.3 % |
| Andorra | EUR | El humo del tabaco ambiental Respecto al entorno y los ambientes cargados de humo, un 30,9% de los hombres y un 20,9% de las mujeres tienen algún compañero de trabajo que fuma cerca de su lugar de trabajo, porcentajes que se incrementan respecto a los resultados de la encuesta realizada el 2011: 24,3% de los hombres y 13,9% en mujeres. Al preguntar al entrevistado con cuantas personas conviven que fumen dentro de su casa –incluyéndose a el mismo las respuestas fueron: ninguno, el 52,3%; una, el 29,4%; dos, el 15,3% i una 3% dijo que convivía con tres o mas personas que fuman dentro de casa. Así pues se ha pasado de un 39,5% que el 2011 declaraba que convivía con alguien que fumaba diariamente a un 47,7%. También se preguntó cuanto tiempo se pasa fuera de casa en ambientes cargados de humo de tabaco, fuera del trabajo los días laborables. Un 93,6% respondió que nunca; un 4,7%, menos de una hora; un 1%, de 1 a 4 horas y un 0,7%, más de 4 horas. Estos porcentajes son del 93,1% (nunca), el 3,9%, l’1,9% i l’1,1%, respectivamente, el fin de semana. De manera que disminuye mucho el número de personas que pasa mas de una hora en ambientes cargados de humo fuera de casa o del lugar de trabajo en días laborables, que pasa del 13,4% del 2011 a l’1,7% actual, y el fin de semana, del 22,5% del 2011 al 3% actual. | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Angola | AFR | Answer not provided | Report not provided | Answer not provided |
| Antigua and Barbuda | AMR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | Report not provided |
| France | EUR | les dernières données datent de 2018 (lieux d'habitation) et 2017 (lieux de travail) | Les résultats sont détaillés dans les publications citées en source. 1/ Tabagisme au domicile (2018) En 2018, parmi les 18‑75 ans, 17,6 % déclarent que quelqu’un fume à l’intérieur de leur domicile : 12,5 % de manière régulière, 5,1 % de temps en temps. Depuis 2014, la part de 18‑75 ans déclarant que quelqu’un fume à l’intérieur de leur domicile a diminué de 10 points. La baisse du tabagisme au domicile est particulièrement marquée parmi les fumeurs quotidiens, avec une baisse de 14 points, que ce soit parmi les fumeurs de moins de 10 cigarettes par jour (de 44,4 % en 2014 à 30,8 % en 2018) ou de 10 cigarettes ou plus par jour (de 62,5 % à 48,4 %). Parmi les fumeurs vivant dans un foyer avec un enfant, la fréquence du tabagisme au domicile a été divisée par deux entre 2014 et 2018, mais elle reste élevée : de 31,6 % à 14,4 % en présence d’un enfant de moins 4 ans, et de 48,5 % à 23,8 % en présence d’un enfant de 4 à 18 ans. 2/ Exposition à la fumée de tabac des autres sur le lieu de travail (2017) En 2017, 15,7 % des personnes âgées de 18 à 64 ans exerçant une activité professionnelle déclarent avoir été exposées à la fumée de tabac des autres au cours des 30 derniers jours à l’intérieur des locaux sur leur lieu de travail. Cette proportion est stable par rapport à 2014. Les ouvriers sont les plus nombreux à déclarer être exposés (27,4 %) ; les cadres et professions intellectuelles supérieures les moins nombreux (6,4 %). 3/ Exposition à la fumée des autres dans les restaurants, bars et discothèques (2014) Parmi les 15-75 ans qui ont fréquenté ces lieux au cours des 30 derniers jours, 9% ont déclaré avoir été exposés à la fumée de tabac au moins une fois au restaurant, 30% dans les cafés, bars, pubs, et 40% dans les discothèques. Ces données pour les lieux de convivialité, à la hausse par rapport à celles relevées dans le cadre de l’enquête International Tobacco Control (ITC) de fin 2012, semblent suggérer un recul de l’application de la législation. Cette interprétation est cependant à prendre avec précaution, les questions n’étant pas identiques. | Tabagisme au domicile : En 2014, au sein de la population de France métropolitaine, 28,2% des 15-75 ans déclaraient que quelqu’un fumait à l’intérieur de leur domicile, 8,2% de temps en temps et 20,0% régulièrement. La présence d’un fumeur à domicile était logiquement liée au statut tabagique : elle était de 15,7% chez les non-fumeurs et 52,2% chez les fumeurs. Les plus jeunes non-fumeurs étaient particulièrement nombreux à déclarer un tabagisme au domicile en 2014 (30,3% des 15-24 ans). En une décennie, la proportion de la population déclarant un tabagisme à domicile est passée de 32,8% en 2005 à 28,2% en 2014. Dans les lieux à usage collectif : 1) Les lieux de travail (intérieur des locaux) ne sont pas totalement non-fumeurs : 15% des actifs occupés déclaraient avoir été exposés à la fumée de tabac des autres au moins une fois au cours des 30 derniers jours. 2) Près des trois quarts des élèves et étudiants de plus de 15 ans déclaraient avoir été exposés à la fumée de tabac des autres « à l’école, au lycée, à l’université », sans précision sur le lieu exact (intérieur ou extérieur). Les expositions aux abords des établissements ont été probablement en partie comptabilisées ici ; ce résultat reste néanmoins préoccupant. 3) Parmi les 15-75 ans qui ont fréquenté ces lieux au cours des 30 derniers jours, 9% ont déclaré avoir été exposés à la fumée de tabac au moins une fois au restaurant, 30% dans les cafés, bars, pubs, et 40% dans les discothèques. Ces données pour les lieux de convivialité, à la hausse par rapport à celles relevées dans le cadre de l’enquête International Tobacco Control (ITC) de fin 2012, semblent suggérer un recul de l’application de la législation. Cette interprétation est cependant à prendre avec précaution, les questions n’étant pas identiques. |
| Ecuador | AMR | De acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en la encuesta STEPS 2018, aplicada en población de 18 a 69 años se evidenció que el 10,1% de los adultos declararon estar expuestos al humo de tabaco ajeno en el hogar y el 9,2% de los adultos declararon estar expuestos al humo de tabaco ajeno en ambientes de trabajo cerrados. | De acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en la encuesta STEPS 2018, aplicada en población de 18 a 69 años se evidenció que el 10,1% de los adultos declararon estar expuestos al humo de tabaco ajeno en el hogar y el 9,2% de los adultos declararon estar expuestos al humo de tabaco ajeno en el lugar de trabajo. | En la Encuesta Mundial sobre Tabaco en Jóvenes (2016), se encontró que 16,7% de estudiantes entre 13 y 15 años de edad estaban expuestos al humo de tabaco en el hogar, de los cuales 17,7% son hombres y 15,6% son mujeres. Adicionalmente se descubrió que 31,5% de estudiantes estaban expuestos al humo de tabaco en lugares públicos cerrados, de los cuales 28,8% son hombres y 34,3% son mujeres. Por último, se descubrió que el 32,4% de estudiantes estaban expuestos al humo de tabaco en cualquier lugar, de los cuales 30,3% son hombres y 34,5% son mujeres. En Guayaquil, 17,7% de estudiantes estaban expuestos al humo de tabaco en el hogar y 29,4% en espacios públicos cerrados. En Quito, 22,7% de estudiantes estaban expuestos al humo de tabaco en el hogar y 41,7% en espacios públicos cerrados. |
| Cook Islands | WPR | Male – 35.3%, Female – 38.1, Both Sexes 36.8%: 18 - 64 years of age – people smoked in their presence one or more days; | Male – 67.6%, Female – 68.7: 13-15 years of age – people smoked in their presence one or more days; | Male – 67.6%, Female – 68.7: 13-15 years of age – people smoked in their presence one or more days; |
| China | WPR | 非吸烟者的二手烟暴露率为56.6%，较2018年下降11.5%。截至2022年年底，全国各级党政机关已基本建成无烟党政机关（此数据年份为2022年）。 | 非吸烟者的二手烟暴露率为68.1%，其中几乎每天都暴露于二手烟的比例为35.5%。在家中看到有人吸烟的比例为44.9%。50.9%的室内工作者在工作场所看到有人吸烟。二手烟暴露最严重的室内公共场所为：网吧（89.3%）、酒吧和夜总会（87.5%）和餐馆（73.3%）。在咖啡店和茶馆、大学、政府大楼、医疗卫生机构、出租车、中小学和公共交通工具看到有人吸烟的比例依次为48.4%、33.3%、31.1%、24.4%、23.5%、23.4%和12.9%。 | 54.3%的人在室内工作场所暴露于二手烟。男性中有66.3%的人在室内工作场所暴露于二手烟；女性中这个比例为40.0%。城市人群和农村人群在室内工作场所暴露于二手烟的比例无显著差异（分别为52.8%和57.7%）。不同职业人群有所不同，教师和医务人员在工作场所暴露于二手烟的情况最低（分别为27.8%和34.9%）。有两个行业的二手烟暴露率超过50%，农民最高，为78.1%，其次是企业、商业、服务业工作人员（57.6%）。 57.1%的人在家中暴露于二手烟。农村居民（66.7%）的二手烟暴露情况比城市（47.8%）严重，具有显著性差异。教育水平较高的人群在家的二手烟暴露率均较低（大专及以上33.5%）；而在教育水平仅初中毕业或更低的人群中，超过60%的人在家中暴露于二手烟。 二手烟暴露问题最严重的室内公共场所为：酒吧/夜总会（93.1%）和餐馆（76.3%），其次是政府大楼（38.1%），医疗机构、大学、中小学和公共交通工具分别为26.9%、23.8%、17.2%和16.4%。更多男性在政府大楼，医疗机构，餐馆酒吧等地暴露于二手烟。 |
| Central African Republic | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Cameroon | AFR | Report not provided | 19,2% des adultes travaillant à lintérieur sont exposés à la fumée du tabac au travail; 15,5% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac à la maison; 31,9% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac dans les restaurants; 84,8% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac dans les bars et Night Clubs; 25,6% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac dans les cafés ou salons de thé 22,9% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac dans les transports publics;; | 19,2% des adultes travaillant à lintérieur sont exposés à la fumée du tabac au travail; 15,5% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac à la maison; 31,9% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac dans les restaurants; 84,8% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac dans les bars et Night Clubs; 25,6% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac dans les cafés ou salons de thé 22,9% des adultes sont exposés à la fumée du tabac dans les transports publics;; |
| Belgium | EUR | Lors de leur dernière visite, 4% des personnes ont été exposées à la fumée dans un restaurant et 18 % des personnes ont été exposées à la fumée dans un bar. | Lors de leur dernière visite, 4% des personnes ont été exposées à la fumée dans un restaurant et 18 % des personnes ont été exposées à la fumée dans un bar. | Lors de leur dernière visite, 4% des personnes ont été exposées à la fumée dans un restaurant et 18 % des personnes ont été exposées à la fumée dans un bar. |
| Belarus | EUR | Report not provided | Каждый пятый респондент за последние 30 дней подвергся воздействию вторичного табачного дыма в домашних условиях за последние 30 дней. Доля таких пассивных курильщиков составляет 18,8% (мужчин – 18,9%, женщин – 18,8%). Существенных различий по возрасту пассивных курильщиков в домашних условиях также нет. Каждый пятый респондент за последние 30 дней подвергался воздействию вторичного табачного дыма на рабочем месте. Доля пассивных курильщиков на работе составляет 14,9% (мужчины – 22,5%, женщины – 8,5%). | Каждый пятый респондент за последние 30 дней подвергся воздействию вторичного табачного дыма в домашних условиях за последние 30 дней. Доля таких пассивных курильщиков составляет 18,8% (мужчин – 18,9%, женщин – 18,8%). Существенных различий по возрасту пассивных курильщиков в домашних условиях также нет.Каждый пятый респондент за последние 30 дней подвергался воздействию вторичного табачного дыма на рабочем месте. Доля пассивных курильщиков на работе составляет 14,9% (мужчины – 22,5%, женщины – 8,5%) |
| Bahrain (Kingdom of) | EMR | Methods The objective of this study was to monitor SHS levels, as well as smoking behavior, in public places and workplaces in Manama, the capital of Bahrain. The results provide a brief snapshot of selected venues whether or not these are compliant to the national legislation. The study was conducted by using special PM2.5 monitoring instrument that measured the concentration of suspended SHS particulate matter (PM) in indoor air. Indoor Air monitoring was conducted for thirty minutes at every venue in a sample of hospitals, schools, public offices, transportation, and recreation venues. The study took place during July 2010. A total of 18 venues were monitored using PM2.5. A brief summary of the findings from this study is presented here. Study Findings Levels of PM2.5 in Indoor Places in Bahrain • PM2.5 levels were 15 times higher in venues where smoking was observed compared to venues with no smoking observed and nearly 8 times higher than outdoors. • Smoking was only observed in recreation venues. All other venues had signs prohibiting smoking and very low levels of PM2.5. • The average PM2.5 levels detected in recreation venues with smoking was 211 µg/m3. In only 30 minutes, visitors to these venues would be exposed to levels 8 times higher than what is acceptable for a whole day (25 µg/m3), defined by the World Health Organization.6 • There was no evidence of smoking in schools, hospitals, public offices or transportation venues included in this study. | The study was conducted by using special PM2.5 monitoring instrument that measured the concentration of suspended SHS particulate matter (PM) in indoor air. Indoor Air monitoring was conducted for thirty minutes at every venue in a sample of hospitals, schools, public offices, transportation, and recreation venues. The study took place during July, 2010. A total of 18 venues were monitored using PM2.5. A brief summary of the findings from this study is presented here. In Manama, the study found an average PM2.5 level of 211 µg/m3 in venues with evidence of smoking, which is 15 times higher than indoor places where no smoking was observed. Study Findings Levels of PM2.5 in Indoor Places in Bahrain • PM2.5 levels were 15 times higher in venues where smoking was observed compared to venues with no smoking observed and nearly 8 times higher than outdoors. • Smoking was only observed in recreation venues. All other venues had signs prohibiting smoking and very low levels of PM2.5. • The average PM2.5 levels detected in recreation venues with smoking was 211 µg/m3. In only 30 minutes, visitors to these venues would be exposed to levels 8 times higher than what is acceptable for a whole day (25 µg/m3), defined by the World Health Organization.6 • There was no evidence of smoking in schools, hospitals, public offices or transportation venues included in this study. | The study was conducted by using special PM2.5 monitoring instrument that measured the concentration of suspended SHS particulate matter (PM) in indoor air. Indoor Air monitoring was conducted for thirty minutes at every venue in a sample of hospitals, schools, public offices, transportation, and recreation venues. The study took place during July, 2010. A total of 18 venues were monitored using PM2.5. A brief summary of the findings from this study is presented here. In Manama, the study found an average PM2.5 level of 211 µg/m3 in venues with evidence of smoking, which is 15 times higher than indoor places where no smoking was observed. Study Findings Levels of PM2.5 in Indoor Places in Bahrain • PM2.5 levels were 15 times higher in venues where smoking was observed compared to venues with no smoking observed and nearly 8 times higher than outdoors. • Smoking was only observed in recreation venues. All other venues had signs prohibiting smoking and very low levels of PM2.5. • The average PM2.5 levels detected in recreation venues with smoking was 211 µg/m3. In only 30 minutes, visitors to these venues would be exposed to levels 8 times higher than what is acceptable for a whole day (25 µg/m3), defined by the World Health Organization.6 • There was no evidence of smoking in schools, hospitals, public offices or transportation venues included in this study. |
| Bahamas | AMR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Armenia | EUR | In Armenia, in 2022 (compared to 2016), the number of daily indoor smokers decreased from 53.1% to 47.0%, and the number of those who never smoke at home increased from 37.9% to 42.0%. The number of people who rarely smoke at home increased slightly. In Armenia, the habit of smoking in an outdoor public area is very common. 73.9% of respondents every day or often met people who smoke in outdoor public places. In Armenia, 62.5% of people aged 15 and older don’t work, 19.7% of the entire population works only in indoor areas, 6.4% only in outdoor areas, and 11.4% in both outdoor and indoor areas. 6.0% of the Armenian population is exposed to secondhand smoke in the indoor area of their workplace. | Exposure to second-hand smoke is high in Armenia. In the 30 days before the STEPS survey, 54,1% of women and 58,4% of men were exposed to second-hand smoke at home, and 20,6% of women and 31,8% of men were exposed to second-hand smoke in the workplace during the past 30 days | Report not provided |
| Albania | EUR | Answer not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Afghanistan | EMR | Report not provided | 36.0% are exposed to second hand smoke in home, 40.8 are exposed to second hand smoke in work place, | 78.3% of non-smokers are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in places such as public transportation, offices and marketplaces, where others smoke. |
| Uruguay | AMR | Exposición al humo de tabaco en el hogar en los últimos 7 días: 20.0%. En hombres 20.3% y en mujeres 19.8% Exposición al humo de tabaco en el lugar de trabajo en los últimos 30 días: 11.1%. En hombres 15.9% y en mujeres 6.6% Exposición al humo de tabaco en transporte público en los últimos 30 días: 6.1%. En hombres 6.6% y en mujeres 5.7% | Exposición al humo de tabaco en el hogar en los últimos 7 días: 20.0% | Exposición al humo de tabaco en el hogar en los últimos 7 días: 20.0% |
| Philippines | WPR | -12.9% of adults who worked indoors (2.5 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed areas at their workplace. -21.8% of adults (16.8 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. -62.3% of adults (0.3 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke when visiting bars and nightclubs. -12.2% of adults (4.2 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke when using public transportation. -29.3% of students (13-15 years old) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home while 62.7% of students saw anyone smoking within school premises | • 21.5% of adults who worked indoors (3.6 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed areas at their workplace. • 34.7% of adults (24.0 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. • 86.3% of adults (3.3 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke when visiting bars and nightclubs. • 37.6% of adults (2.0 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke when using public transportation. • Males (39.0%) were exposed more than females (30.3%). • 38.3% of students (13-15 years old) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home while 72.5% of students saw anyone smoking within school premises | 13-15 y/o: 38.3% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke at home and 72.5% of students saw anyone smoking within school premises. 15 y/o and above: 2.5% of adults who worked indoors (3.6 million) were exposed to tobacco smoke in encloseed areas at their workplace; 34.7% of adults (24 million) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home; 86.3% of adults (3.3 million) were exposed to tobacco smoke when visiting bars and nightclubs; and 37.6% of adults (2 million) were exposed to tobacco smoke when using public transportation. |
| Papua New Guinea | WPR | 57.5% are exposed to smoking at home-56.9& males and 57.8% females 73.4% are exposed to smoking inside enclosed public places-72.5% males and 73.5% females 72.9% are exposed to smoking at outdoor public places-73.8% males and 72.3% females 70.6% saw persons smoking inside the school building and outside on school property 51.4% definitely thought other peoples smoking is harmful-52.1% males and 57% females | 57.5% are exposed to smoking at home-56.9& males and 57.8% females 73.4% are exposed to smoking inside enclosed public places-72.5% males and 73.5% females 72.9% are exposed to smoking at outdoor public places-73.8% males and 72.3% females 70.6% saw persons smoking inside the school building and outside on school property 51.4% definitely thought other peoples smoking is harmful-52.1% males and 57% females | 57.5% are exposed to smoking at home-56.9& males and 57.8% females 73.4% are exposed to smoking inside enclosed public places-72.5% males and 73.5% females 72.9% are exposed to smoking at outdoor public places-73.8% males and 72.3% females 70.6% saw persons smoking inside the school building and outside on school property 51.4% definitely thought other peoples smoking is harmful-52.1% males and 57% females |
| Panama | AMR | En el año 2019, el 4.5% de la población trabajadora de 15 años y más reportó haber estado expuesta al humo de tabaco de segunda mano (HTSM), con un diferencial por sexo donde el 5.7% de los hombres y 1.8% de las mujeres estuvieron expuesto, estimándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Calidad de Vida 2007 reveló la población de 15 años y más tuvo una exposición al HTSM en el hogar de 20% sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo. La exposición al HTSM en el trabajo fue de 12.4% siendo que en hombres fue de 21.3% y en mujeres 6.3%. Esta exposición en centros recreativos se reportó en 25.4% registrándose en hombres un valor de 32.0% y en mujeres de 21.0%. En ambos casos se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos sexos. Estos datos evidencia un descenso en la exposición al HTSM en el trabajo, mismo que se estima 3 veces menor en el 2019 que en el 2007, transcurrido 11 años de la prohibición de fumar en ambientes laborales. Según datos de la EMTJ, para el año 2017, los jóvenes entre 13 y 15 años reportaron una exposición al HTSM en el hogar de 16.7%, mientras que en los ambientes públicos exteriores esta cifra se estimó en 31.7%, en los ambientes interiores esta cifra alcanzó el 35.1%, en las escuelas y sus alrededores la misma fue de 28.9%. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente por sexo, en ninguno de los ambientes antes descritos excepto en los ambientes públicos cerrados donde los chicos reportaron una exposición 29.4% en tanto que las chicas de 34.0% con una diferencia de 4.6 puntos porcentuales. Al comparar estas cifras con respecto al mismo estudio realizado en el 2012 la exposición al HTSM en el hogar y en las escuelas y sus alrededores fue 1% superior, mientras que en ambientes públicos exteriores fue 3.7% mayor y en ambientes interiores fue alcanzó 4.7% más. Lo que evidencia un descenso en la exposición al HTSM en este grupo de edad. | Answer not provided | INFORMACION COMPLEMENTARIA - DOCUMENTO POWER POINT: AMBIENTES LIBRES DE HUMO PANAMA. http://www.gorgas.gob.pa/SitioWebTabaco/Documentos.htm Exposición al Humo de Tabaco Ajeno. Tomado del Informe de la Encuesta Mundial de Tabaco en Jóvenes, 2017. RESUMEN: El 16.7% de los estudiantes estuvieron expuestos a humo de tabaco de segunda mano en el hogar, en tanto que cerca de 3 de 10 (31.7%) estuvo expuesto a humo de tabaco de segunda mano en espacios públicos cerrados. En ambos indicadores se reportaron descensos con respecto a los hallazgos de la GYTS 2012. En casa: Un 83.3% de los entrevistados indicó que en los últimos 7 días no habían fumado en su casa en su presencia ningún día siendo que el 16.7% estuvo expuesto (chicos: 16.5%, chicas:17.2%). En Lugares Públicos Cerrados (por ejemplo: escuela, tiendas, restaurantes, centros comerciales, cines, teatros u otros): Cerca de 3 de cada 10 jóvenes entrevistados (31.7%) manifestó haber estado expuesto al HTA en lo últimos 7 días, en espacios públicos cerrados (Chicos=29.4%; chicas=34%), siendo las chicas las mayormente expuestas. En Lugares Públicos Abiertos Cuatro de cada 10 jóvenes (35.1%) manifestó haber estado expuesto al humo de tabaco de segunda mano en lugares públicos abiertos (Chicos=32.9%; chicas=37.2%), siendo las mujeres las mayormente expuestas. La exposición al humo de tabaco en los últimos 7 días fue ligeramente mayor en espacios públicos abiertos que en los cerrados. En el Interior de los edificios escolares o en el área exterior propiedad de la escuela: El 28.9% de los entrevistados manifestó haber visto, en los últimos 30 días, a alguien fumando en áreas interiores de edificios escolares o en áreas exteriores propiedad de la escuela (Chicos=28.8%; chicas=28.8%), sin diferencias estadísticamente entre chicos y chicas. Es decir, que cerca de siete de cada 10 (71.1%) de los jóvenes entrevistados indicó que nunca ve a nadie fumando en la escuela. Por su parte, en la EMTJ, en lo que se refiere a la exposición al humo de tabaco de segunda mano (HTSM), ha reportado un descenso progresivo de la exposición al humo de tabaco en los hogares durante los 4 años de realización del estudio (2002,2008,2012 y 2017). De igual forma, cada vez menos jóvenes están expuestos (HTSM) fuera de su casa, aunque el 35.1% reporta haber estado expuesto fuera de su casa a pesar de la prohibición de fumar en ambientes cerrados, lo que nos lleva a reflexionar sobre la necesidad de prohibir el consumo de tabaco en algunos espacios abiertos donde aún se puede fumar y de reforzar la vigilancia del cumplimiento del artículo 5 de la Ley 13 de 2008. El estudio de Mercado de Productos de Tabaco realizado en el año 2017 reveló que el 92.1% de los dueños de locales de atención al público están a favor de la Ley 13 de 2008 y sus reglamentaciones. El porcentaje se ha mantenido con respecto al año 2014. Fuente: Encuesta de mercado de productos de tabaco en los distritos de Panamá, Colón, David, Barú, San Miguelito y las Comarcas de Guna Yala y Ngäbe-Buglé. Panamá, 2017. http://www.gorgas.gob.pa/SitioWebTabaco/Inicio.htm MEDICIÓN DE PM 2.5 EN LA VIGILANCIA Y CONTROL DE AMBIENTES LIBRES DE HUMO DE TABACO (ALHT). AÑO:2017 La vigilancia y control del cumplimiento de la Ley 13 del 24 de enero de 2008, sobre control de tabaco en Panamá la realiza el MINSA, mediante inspecciones programadas, atención de denuncias y operativos especiales. Desde el 2013, como parte de la vigilancia de “Ambientes Libres de Humo de Tabaco” se incluye la medición PM 2.5 en ambientes cerrados de interés sanitario, para detectar contaminación debido al uso de tabaco donde está prohibido fumar. La medición del nivel de partículas finas PM 2.5 se utiliza como marcador de humo de tabaco ambiental (Archivos de Bronconeumología Volumen 47,I Abril 2011 ), en los locales que han sido denunciados y es un método, utilizado por el Ministerio de Salud de Panamá, para comprobar el incumplimiento de la ley 13 del 24 de enero del 2008 Las PM 2.5 consiste en miles de partículas microscópicas inferior o igual a los 2.5 micrómetros, 100 veces más pequeño que el grueso de un cabello humano, producidos por la combustión de productos de tabaco entre otros contaminantes (Revista Ecologistas en Acción N°58 año 2010). Estás partículas pueden penetrar profundamente en los pulmones, albergándose en los alveolos donde se dividen y pasan al torrente sanguíneo. Pudiendo causar graves trastornos cardiovasculares y respiratorios, en particular coronariopatías y cáncer de pulmón (USEPA, 2013). Se realizaron 218 mediciones por quejas, de las cuales el 46.3%, no cumplen con las disposiciones del artículo 5 de la Ley 13 de 2008, las normas de calidad de aire de USEPA y de las directrices de la OMS. La clasificación como detección moderada de partículas PM2.5 alcanzó un 27.5% del total estudiado, en tanto que en 18.8% las cifras detectadas eran de 35.5 ug/m3 o más. El 53.7% de las mediciones reportaron valores permisibles, de los que el 21.1% alcanzó valores entre 0 y 12 ug/m3. En el 2.3% de los sitios investigados se percibió olor a tabaco, no hubo reporte de colillas, ni de fumadores. En ambientes exteriores a los puntos de medición, el 6.9% (15 sitios) reportó la presencia de colillas (115 colillas) y en 2.3% se notó la presencia de fumadores. CONCLUSIONES: Cerca de 1 de cada 2 (53.7%) quejas presentadas se identificaron valores de partículas PM 2.5 dentro de parámetros permisibles. La atención de las quejas sobre ALHT contó con evidencias técnicas determinadas por la medición de las partículas PM 2.5, permitiendo valorar el cumplimiento o no del artículo 5 de la Ley 13 de 2008. El uso de las mediciones de partículas PM 2.5 permite al Ministerio de Salud, tipificar más objetivamente las infracciones sobre ALHT y por tanto, sustentar mejor las sanciones que se apliquen. En general, el uso del Sidepak ha fortalecido la vigilancia y control de los ambientes libres de humo de tabaco en Panamá. El registro estructurado de las mediciones de partículas PM 2.5 relacionado con los ALHT, en base de datos contribuye con las estadísticas requeridas para el mapeo de calidad de aire interior en el territorio nacional. EXPOSICIÓN AL HUMO DE TABACO AJENO. TOMADO DE LA ENCUESTA DE TABACO EN ADULTOS (EMTA – GATS) PANAMA, 2013 Respecto de la exposición al humo de segunda mano en el lugar de trabajo, es de mencionar que todos los individuos fumadores y no fumadores, reflejan una prevalencia de exposición del humo de tabaco de 5.6% (4.2-7.5), siendo para los hombres de 7,4% (5.1-10,6) y para las mujeres de 3.7% (2.4-5.7). Estos resultados son similares a los observados entre los no fumadores. Esta situación refleja un alto porcentaje de cumplimiento de las prohibiciones de fumar en espacios laborales cerrados. Con relación a la exposición al humo de tabaco en el hogar, por condición de fumador la prevalencia general fue de 4,4% (3,7-5,2), de 5,3% (4,1-6,8) en los hombres y 3,5% (2,9-4,3) en las mujeres, indicando una baja prevalencia de exposición en el hogar y en principio una mayor presión del grupo familiar o conciencia del fumador sobre los efectos del humo de segunda mano. De la población adulta expuesta al humo de tabaco en los lugares públicos en los últimos 30 días, la prevalencia es más alta en las terminales de transporte, con el 15,3% (13,8-17,1), restaurantes con 5,9% (4,9-7,0) y en el transporte público con 5,0% (4,2-6,0), bares y clubs nocturnos con 8,0% (6,9-9,4), áreas comunes de edificios, 14,8% (12,5-17,5) y de 8,8% (6,5-11,7) facilidades deportivas, situación que refleja los ambientes con mayores problemas en el cumplimiento de las prohibiciones de fumar, estos hallazgos llevan implícita la necesidad de fortalecer las acciones de vigilancia y control que adelantan las regiones de salud del Ministerio de Salud. El análisis por área refleja que las terminales de transporte urbanas son las que concentran el mayor porcentaje de reportes de exposición al humo de tabaco, situación similar se refleja con el resto de los espacios investigados (áreas comunes de edificios públicos, bares, clubes nocturnos, casinos y similares, restaurantes), exceptuando esta percepción las facilidades deportivas en las áreas rurales. Sin embargo, con relación a las terminales de transporte, las mismas suelen ser áreas abiertas, muchas de las cuales son informales y en algunos casos sin estructuras adecuadas, lo que dificulta la vigilancia sobre todo en las del transporte colectivo. Con relación a las universidades, las mismas están ubicadas en campus abiertos con facilidades de acceso amplio que dificulta el poder realizar una labor de vigilancia efectiva. En las áreas comunes de edificios una dificultad manifiesta es que son áreas privadas, con entrada restringida, que requiere de mayor concienciación de las asociaciones de residentes para el cumplimiento de la ley, al igual que con relación a facilidades deportivas privadas. Con relación a las reglas en el hogar respecto al fumar, el 84,6% (83,3-85,8) indicó que nunca es permitido; el 2,6% (2,1-3,3) manifestó que es permitido en 2,6% y no permitido pero con excepciones fue reportado por el 7,5% (6,7-8,3) de la población. Es interesante destacar que entre los no fumadores no es permitido en el 86,5% (85,3-87,6) y con relación a los fumadores 55,5% (47,6-63,2). Ello conlleva a considerar que en el hogar existe una mayor sensibilidad en cuanto a proteger el entorno familiar del humo de tabaco de segunda mano. Las reglas de fumar en el lugar de trabajo tienen un alto cumplimiento, al observarse que en el 93,5% no se permite fumar en ningún lugar interior. Igual también el porcentaje es alto entre los fumadores 90,5%(91,8-95,0) y los no fumadores 93,8% (92,0-95,2) Con la sanción y entrada en vigencia de la Ley 13 de 2008, se establece la prohibición de fumar ambientes laborales cerrados, en áreas comunes de edificios públicos y privados de uso comercial y doméstico, lugares públicos donde haya concurrencia de personas, ambientes públicos y privados, abiertos y cerrados, destinados a actividades deportivas. Los gerentes o encargados de los establecimientos son responsables de hacer cumplir la medida y podrán ser auxiliados por la Policía Nacional. Los resultados de la EMTA nos permiten indicar que el grado de protección contra el humo de tabaco de segunda mano supera el 90% al considerar el hogar, los lugares de trabajo, las oficinas y edificios de gobierno, los centros de facilidades médicas y el transporte público, excepto en restaurantes donde alcanza el cerca del 88%. Esto demuestra que el fumador está fumando más en la casa. Lo cual es consono con la prevalencia general de consumo de productos fumados de tabaco, que se reportó en estudio en un 6.1%; lo que evidencia el cumplimiento de las medidas de control aplicables a los espacios abiertos y cerrados, tipificados en la Ley 13 de 2008. También hace suponer que las personas tienen una respuesta más precisa y concreta cuando se habla del hogar y del lugar de trabajo que con relación a las áreas públicas. La ENSCAVI en el 2007 indicó que la percepción de los entrevistados sobre la exposición al humo de tabaco en el hogar fue de 19.3%, en el hogar de 11.4% y en los ambientes recreativos de 24.3%, durante este estudio se permitían espacios para fumadores y no fumadores en los lugares de trabajo y áreas recreativas. La EMTA permite identificar más ampliamente el grado de exposición percibida por la población panameña, o que refleja niveles de exposición significativamente menores. En la Encuesta de Prevalencia de Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades Cardiovascular, PREFREC, 2010 realizada a población de 18 años y más se entrevistaron 3590 personas residentes en las provincias de Panamá y Colón, siendo 1074 hombres y 2516 mujeres. Las provincias antes mencionadas albergan cerca del 60% de la población panameña con 18 años y más y concentran el mayor porcentaje de establecimientos de interés de control definidos en el artículo 5 de la Ley 13 de 2008, referente a espacios 100% libres de humo de tabaco. Esta población a fines de la atención sanitaria está distribuida en 5 regiones de salud que son la de Panamá Este (n=667), Panamá Oeste (n=555), Metropolitana de Salud (n=813), San Miguelito (n=524) y Colón (n=1031). Este estudio indagó sobre la percepción de la población de 18 años y más con respecto a la exposición al humo de productos de tabaco en los últimos 30 días encontrándose que: • en casa: de los 3590 entrevistados, el 22.3% (799) manifestó que sí habían fumado en su presencia en su casa. • en el trabajo: el 87.4% reportó que no habían fumado en su presencia en el área laboral, mientras que el 1.1% (39) no especificó su respuesta. • centros recreativos: cerca de ocho de cada 10 entrevistados (83.9%) indicó que no habían fumado en su presencia en centros recreativos en los últimos 30 días, en tanto que el 1.1% (40) no especificó su respuesta. MAYORES DETALLES EN LOS INFORMES DE GYTS Y GATS PANAMA. DOCUMENTO POWER POINT SOBRE MEDICIONES DE PARTICULAS 2.5 ACTUALMENTE ESTAMOS EN LA FASE DE PROCESAMIENTO DE LOS DATOS DE LA GYTS 2017 POR LO QUE MAYORES DETALLES PODRÁN SER ENCONTRADOS A FUTURO EN LA PAGINA WEB REFERENCIADA PREVIAMENTE. |
| Palau | WPR | Over one-quarter (26.1%) of all adults in the Palau reported some sort of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) at home, in a vehicle, or at work in the past 7 days. The most common place of second-hand smoke exposure was at work (14.9%), although over 10% of adults reported second-hand smoke exposure at home and in a vehicle. Palau Youth Tobacco Survey 2017 indicates gender/details, but total overall (both girls and boys) is as follows: * 35.6% of respondents reported exposure to tobacco smoke at home *49.5 % reported exposure to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place in the last 7 days *55.2% reported exposure to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place in the last 7 days | Over one-quarter (26.1%) of all adults in the Palau reported some sort of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) at home, in a vehicle, or at work in the past 7 days. The most common place of second-hand smoke exposure was at work (14.9%), although over 10% of adults reported second-hand smoke exposure at home and in a vehicle. Palau Youth Tobacco Survey 2017 indicates gender/details, but total overall (both girls and boys) is as follows: * 35.6% of respondents reported exposure to tobacco smoke at home *49.5 % reported exposure to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place in the last 7 days *55.2% reported exposure to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place in the last 7 days | Over one-quarter (26.1%) of all adults in the Palau reported some sort of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) at home, in a vehicle, or at work in the past 7 days. The most common place of second-hand smoke exposure was at work (14.9%), although over 10% of adults reported second-hand smoke exposure at home and in a vehicle. |
| Niue | WPR | Report not provided | Answer not provided | Report not provided |
| Montenegro | EUR | Almost half of students (49.0%) are exposed to the tobacco smoke in their own home, while 57.5% are exposed inside enclosed public places. More than 8 in 10 students (82.2%) are in favor to prohibit smoking inside enclosed public places. Although use of tobacco products among young people aged 13 - 15 has been reduced compared to the previous year, exposure to secondhand smoking at home and inside enclosed public places is very high. | Almost half of students (49.0%) are exposed to the tobacco smoke in their own home, while 57.5% are exposed inside enclosed public places. More than 8 in 10 students (82.2%) are in favor to prohibit smoking inside enclosed public places.Although use of tobacco products among young people aged 13 - 15 has been reduced compared to the previous year, exposure to second hand smoking at home and inside enclosed public places is very high. | Research about smoking in the house, in closed public places, in other public places, inside of school building or around the school is conducted. Of the students that participated in the survey, 55.0% live in homes where others smoke in the last 7 days of the week and 67.5% were exposed to tobacco smoke outside home inside any enclosed public places in the last 7 days. At the same time, 63.2% were exposed around others who smoke in indoor public places. Regarding environmental tobacco smoke, 69.7% think smoking should be banned from outdoor public places. Almost two thirds of respondents (62.4%) saw someone smoking inside the school building or school setting. Girls specified more exposure to passive smoking in all smoking places. |
| Mexico | AMR | De conformidad con la Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco (ENCODAT) 2016-2017 (ultima encuesta con este indicador disponible), cerca de 40 millones de personas en México se encontraban expuestas al humo de tabaco de segunda mano en lugares tanto públicos como privados. De los lugares públicos reportados con mayor prevalencia a la exposición al humo de tabaco de segunda mano resaltan: los bares (52.8%); los restaurantes (31.9%); el transporte público (26.0%); las instituciones educativas (25%.4%); y lugares de trabajo en general (15.2%). De esta cifra, el 14.1% de los no fumadores (9.8 millones de personas) estaban expuestos al humo de tabaco de segunda mano en el hogar (19.4% de los adolescentes y 12.8% de los adultos), mientras que el 15.2% de los no fumadores estaban expuestos alhumo en lugares de trabajo (17.9% de los adolescentes y 15.1% de los adultos). Mas información disponible en: https://encuestas.insp.mx/repositorio/encuestas/ENCODAT2016/doctos/informes/reporte_encodat_tabaco_2016_2017.pdf | En México, 40 millones de personas se encuentran expuestos al humo de tabaco de segunda mano (HTSM) en lugares públicos o privados Los lugares públicos reportados con mayor prevalencia de exposición al humo de tabaco de segunda mano (HTSM) por los no fumadores son: bares (52.8%), restaurantes (31.9%) transporte público (26.0%), escuela (25%.4%) y lugares de trabajo (15.2%). https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iktptvdu2nsrSpMBMT4FdqBIk8gikz7q/view | La exposición a humo de tabaco de segunda mano, entre los que trabajan en lugares interiores o en áreas cerradas, la prevalencia es de 15.2% (, entre los adultos que visitaron varios lugares públicos en los últimos 30 días, la exposición al humo de tabaco fue de 52.8% en bares y discotecas, 31.9% en los restaurantes, 26.0% en el transporte público, 25.4% en las escuelas. En los hogares, la prevalencia de exposición a humo de tabaco en la población no fumadora de 12 - 65 años corresponde a 14.1% (9.8 millones) (hombres 3.4% y mujeres 6.4%). |
| Malta | EUR | At home male 17.7 % female 16 % In public places male 20.3 % female 15.8 % At work male 13.1 % female 6.2 % | Report not provided | Exposure by gender and age in the home, workplace and public places. |
| Latvia | EUR | Exposure at home: Males (33.9%)/ Females (26.5%)/Total (30.1%) Exposure at work (for more that 5 hours during day) : Males(1.9%)/ Females (0.5%)/Total (1.2%) Exposure at work (for 1-5 hours during day) : Males (2.9%)/ Females (0.6%)/Total (1.7%). | Exposure at home Exposure at workplace (for more than 5 hours) Males Females Males Females 15-24 years:30.5% 15-24 years:31.5% 15-24 years:2.2% 15-24 years:1.1% 25-34 years:27.3% 25-34 years:23.0% 25-34 years:3.9% 25-34 years:1.4% 35-44 years:32.9% 35-44 years:28.1% 35-44 years:2.7 % 35-44 years:0.7% 45-54 years:37.2% 45-54 years:24.4% 45-54 years:1.6% 45-54 years:1.0% 55-64 years:33.9% 55-64 years:18.0% 55-64 years:0.8% 55-64 years:0.2% 65-74 years:17.0% 64-74 years:12.0% 65-74 years:0.5% 65-74 years:0.3% Total: 30.8% Total:22.2% Total:2.2% Total:0.7% Total:26.3% Total:1.4% | Exposure at home Exposure at workplace (for more than 5 hours) Males Females Males Females 15-24 years:35.2% 15-24 years:33.5% 15-24 years:0.7% 15-24 years:0.9% 25-34 years:37.3% 25-34 years:27.1% 25-34 years:3.2% 25-34 years:0.3% 35-44 years:43.0% 35-44 years:25.0% 35-44 years:2.4 % 35-44 years:0.6% 45-54 years:40.9% 45-54 years:28.2% 45-54 years:3.7% 45-54 years:0.7% 55-64 years:36.2% 55-64 years:25.0% 55-64 years:4.2% 55-64 years:0.2% 65-74 years:22.2% 64-74 years:11.8 65-74 years:0.0% 65-74 years:0.0% Total: 36.9% Total:25.2% Total:2.5% Total:0.5% Total:30.7% Total:1.4% |
| Kyrgyzstan | EUR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Kenya | AFR | GYTS 2013 expsoure to SHS at home 24.8% Exposure to SHS in enclosed public places 44.5% Exposure to SHS in outdoor public places 49.15 GATS 2014 Exposure to SHS at home overall 14.3%; Male 16.8%; Female 12.0% Exposure to SHS at Work Place overall 17.6%; Male 23.0%; Female 11.5% Exposure in Government buildings/Offices overall 12.5%; Male 15.2%; Female 7.9% Exposure to SHS in Health care facilities overall 8.5%; Male 10.2%; Female 7.2% Exposure to SHS in restaurants overall 21.25; Male 24.2%; Female 16.8% Exposure to SHS in public transport overall 12.4% ; Male 14.1%; 10.5% Expsoure to SHS in Bars and night clubs overall 86.1%; Male 88.2%; Female 76.1% | Report not provided | GYTS 2013 expsoure to SHS at home 24.8% Exposure to SHS in enclosed public places 44.5% Exposure to SHS in outdoor public places 49.15 GATS 2014 Exposure to SHS at home overall 14.3%; Male 16.8%; Female 12.0% Exposure to SHS at Work Place overall 17.6%; Male 23.0%; Female 11.5% Exposure in Government buildings/Offices overall 12.5%; Male 15.2%; Female 7.9% Exposure to SHS in Health care facilities overall 8.5%; Male 10.2%; Female 7.2% Exposure to SHS in restaurants overall 21.25; Male 24.2%; Female 16.8% Exposure to SHS in public transport overall 12.4% ; Male 14.1%; 10.5% Expsoure to SHS in Bars and night clubs overall 86.1%; Male 88.2%; Female 76.1% |
| Japan | WPR | Prevalence of non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke was 12.5% at home, 16.0% at workplace, 20.9% at bar, café or restaurant, 24.1% on the road, 4.9% on public transport. Prevalence of both smokers and non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke was 15.2% at home, 21.4% at workplace, 22.3% at bar, café or restaurant, 23.9% on the road, 4.8% on public transport. | Prevalence of non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke was 11.7% at home, 17.3% at workplace, 26.6% at bar, café or restaurant, 27.3% on the road, 6.3% on public transport. Prevalence of both smokers and non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke was 15.1% at home, 22.4% at workplace, 28.1% at bar, café or restaurant, 26.5% on the road, 5.8% on public transport. | Prevalence of non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke was 14.5% at home, 31.3% at workplace, 39.9% at bar, café or restaurant, 24.8% on the road, 10.1% on public transport. Prevalence of both smokers and non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke was 18.7% at home, 41.2% at workplace, 43.3% at bar, café or restaurant, 16.9% on the road, 10.4% on public transport. |
| Iceland | EUR | The study refers to exposure to tobacco smoke at home of 3 year old children. Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Icelandic Homes: Infant Exposure and Parental Attitudes and Behavior Development within Iceland between 1995 and 2006 The full report of this survey is given in Annex 3. | The study refers to exposure to tobacco smoke at home of 3 year old children. Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Icelandic Homes: Infant Exposure and Parental Attitudes and Behavior Development within Iceland between 1995 and 2006 The full report of this survey is given in Annex 3. | The study refers to exposure to tobacco smoke at home of 3 year old children. Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Icelandic Homes: Infant Exposure and Parental Attitudes and Behavior Development within Iceland between 1995 and 2006 The full report of this survey is given in Annex 3. |
| Guinea | AFR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Germany | EUR | Currently, 4.1% of the non-smoking adult population in Germany is subjected daily to passive smoke exposure, together with those who are affected by it at least once per week, this figure is 8.2%. Women are less likely than men to be affected by daily or even weekly passive smoke exposure. The highest exposure is reflected among young adults between the ages of 18 and 29. The passive smoke exposure decreases with increasing age, in particular in the age group of 65 and older. Men from the low and from the medium education group are more frequently affected by a daily passive smoke exposure indoors than those from the high education group. In GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS, the place of passive smoke exposure was not surveyed. | 11.3 % of the non-smoking population (age 18+) are exposed to second hand tobacco smoke on a regular base. Rates were higher in males (14.7 %) than in females (8.3 %). Tobacco smoke exposure is highest in the age group 18-29 years. More men than women are exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace. 40.0 % of the minor population (age up to 17) lives together with at least one parent that smokes, 9.1 % are exposed to second hand smoke at home. | 11.3 % of the non-smoking population (age 18+) are exposed to second hand tobacco smoke on a regular base. Rates were higher in males (14.7 %) than in females (8.3 %). Tobacco smoke exposure is highest in the age group 18-29 years. More men than women are exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace. 43 % of the minor population (age up to 17) lives together with at least one parent that smokes, in 15 % both parents are smokers. 11 % of the parents declare that they smoke at home in the presence of their kids. |
| Georgia | EUR | Exposed to tobacco second-hand smoke in home during the past 30 days (age 18-69): men 44.4%, women 33.3%, both sexes 38.6% Exposed to tobacco second-hand smoke in the workplace during the past 30 days (age 18-69): men 17.4%, women 5.3%, both sexes 11.1% | Exposed to tobacco second-hand smoke in home during the past 30 days (age 18-69): men 44.4%, women 33.3%, both sexes 38.6% Exposed to tobacco second-hand smoke in the workplace during the past 30 days (age 18-69): men 17.4%, women 5.3%, both sexes 11.1% | Exposed to tobacco second-hand smoke in home during the past 30 days (age 18-69): men 47.2%, women 39.1%, both sexes 43.0% Exposed to tobacco second-hand smoke in the workplace during the past 30 days (age 18-69): men 23.7%, women 9.0%, both sexes 15.8% |
| Gabon | AFR | Answer not provided | l’enquête GYTS a révélé que les jeunes ont été exposés dans la maison, dans les espaces publics clos, dans les taxis et dans les établissements scolaires. Cette tendance demeure même sil ny a pas eu une nouvelle enquête. | lenquête GYTS a révélé que les jeunes ont été exposés dans la maison, dans les espaces publics clos, dans les taxis et dans les établissements scolaires |
| Zimbabwe | AFR | Report not provided | Details available for exposure to tobacco smoke at home are for boys 31.3% and girls 30.9% both aged between 13 - 15 years. Inside enclosed public place exposure, boys 46.2% and girls 50.2%. Outdoor public place, boys 47.3% and girls 51.6%. Exposure inside or outside school property, boys 32% and girls 33%. | Details available for exposure to tobacco smoke at home are for boys 31.3% and girls 30.9% both aged between 13 - 15 years. Inside enclosed public place exposure, boys 46.2% and girls 50.2%. Outdoor public place, boys 47.3% and girls 51.6%. Exposure inside or outside school property, boys 32% and girls 33%. |
| Spain | EUR | EXPOSICIÓN AL HUMO DE TABACO EN LUGARES CERRADOS Distribución porcentual según sexo y grupo de edad (Población de 15 y más años) TABLAS COMPLETAS EN DOCUMENTACIÓN ADJUNTA A diferencia de los datos aportados en periodos anteriores, la EESE2020 sólo recoge una pregunta sobre exposición al humo: ¿Con qué frecuencia está expuesto/a al humo del tabaco en lugares cerrados? referida a la exposición al humo del tabaco en casa, en el trabajo, lugares públicos, restaurantes... Esto dificulta la comparación directa con los datos de las encuestas anteriores. Por otro lado, la EESE 2020 sólo incluye población de 15 y más años, por lo que no podemos disponer de información sobre la exposición en menores de esta edad. Comparando con los datos previos (Encuesta Nacional de Salud en España 2014), en 2020 se observa cierta disminución de la exposición. Así, la exposición al humo en sitios cerrados habría pasado del 8,1% en 2014 a 7,5% en 2020. Esta reducción se observa en ambos sexos siendo 7,95% en hombres y 7,05% en mujeres, siendo el grupo de hombres entre 25 y 34 años el que mayor porcentaje de exposición presenta con un 11,59%. | EXPOSICIÓN AL HUMO DE TABACO EN LUGARES CERRADOS Distribución porcentual según sexo y grupo de edad (Población de 15 y más años) TABLAS COMPLETAS EN DOCUMENTACIÓN ADJUNTA A diferencia de los datos aportados en periodos anteriores, la EESE2014 sólo recoge una pregunta sobre exposición al humo: ¿Con qué frecuencia está expuesto/a al humo del tabaco en lugares cerrados? referida a la exposición al humo del tabaco en casa, en el trabajo, lugares públicos, restaurantes... Esto dificulta la comparación directa con los datos de las encuestas anteriores. Por otro lado, la EESE 2014 sólo incluye población de 15 y más años, por lo que no podemos disponer de información sobre la exposición en menores de esta edad. Comparando con los datos previos (Encuesta Nacional de Salud en España 2011), en 2014 se observa cierta disminución de la exposición. Así, la exposición al humo en sitios cerrados habría pasado del 10,8% en 2011 al 8,1% en 2014. Esta reducción se observa en ambos sexos. Se debe tener en cuenta que la recogida de esta variable ha cambiado y podrían no ser completamente equivalentes. La reducción más destacada en la exposición al humo de tabaco se dio tras el cambio legislativo introducido en 2011, especialmente en los espacios y transportes públicos cerrados y el lugar de trabajo, áreas reguladas por la ley. Según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017, el 87,3% de las mujeres y el 85,4% de los hombres nunca o casi nunca han estado expuestos al humo de tabaco en lugares cerrados. La población de 65 y más años es la que menos está expuesta al humo de tabaco en lugares cerrados, un 97,1% de mujeres y un 99,6% de hombres. Según edad, en el grupo de 15 a 24 años, una de cada diez personas estaba expuesta al humo de tabaco de casa entre 1 y 5 horas al día (10,5% los hombres y 10,1% las mujeres). | EXPOSICIÓN AL HUMO DE TABACO EN LUGARES CERRADOS Distribución porcentual según sexo y grupo de edad (Población de 15 y más años) TABLAS COMPLETAS EN DOCUMENTACIÓN ADJUNTA A diferencia de los datos aportados en periodos anteriores, la EESE2014 sólo recoge una pregunta sobre exposición al humo: ¿Con qué frecuencia está expuesto/a al humo del tabaco en lugares cerrados? referida a la exposición al humo del tabaco en casa, en el trabajo, lugares públicos, restaurantes... Esto dificulta la comparación directa con los datos de las encuestas anteriores. Por otro lado, la EESE 2014 sólo incluye población de 15 y más años, por lo que no podemos disponer de información sobre la exposición en menores de esta edad. Comparando con los datos previos (Encuesta Nacional de Salud en España 2011), en 2014 se observa cierta disminución de la exposición. Así, la exposición al humo en sitios cerrados habría pasado del 10,8% en 2011 al 8,1% en 2014. Esta reducción se observa en ambos sexos. Se debe tener en cuenta que la recogida de esta variable ha cambiado y podrían no ser completamente equivalentes. La reducción más destacada en la exposición al humo de tabaco se dio tras el cambio legislativo introducido en 2011, especialmente en los espacios y transportes públicos cerrados y el lugar de trabajo, áreas reguladas por la ley. |
| South Africa | AFR | SECONDHAND SMOKE OVERALL(%) MEN(%) WOMEN (%) Adults exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace 11.2 13.7 8.4 Adults exposed to tobacco smoke at home at least monthly 18.0 22.1 14.1 Adults exposed to tobacco smoke inside Government buildings or offices 5.8 7.8 3.7 Healthcare facilities 3.8 5.6 2.9 Restaurants 10.8 13.4 8.2 Bars/taverns/pubs, shebeens, or night clubs 74.4 75.0 72.3 Universities 16.0 12.6 18.6 Public transportation 3.1 3.6 2.7 | Report not provided | GYTS 2011 data on last 7 days exposure to second hand smoke in the home and other places |
| Czechia | EUR | In 2021, 16.4 % of respondents were exposed to tobacco smoke in their homes in the last 30 days. Compared to 2018 (18.7 %), we observe a decrease in this value. Despite the protection enshrined in law, in 2021, 19.7 % of respondents were exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace in the last 30 days (16.9 % in 2018). This fact requires further monitoring and remedial efforts. | Nearly 19% (18.7%) of all respondents, over one half are non-smokers, were exposed to tobacco smoke in their homes in 2018. The 15-24 years age group, including young people aged 15-18, continues to predominate in this category. Compared to 2016, the values are comparable (19.0% vs. 18.7%). Men are exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace twice as often as women; the same is true for non-smokers. Compared to 2016, the number of non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace was reduced (15.9% vs. 12.1%). Data on exposure to tobacco smoke in public transport are not available. | Approximately 19% of respondents are exposed to tobacco smoke in their homes, out of which 8.8% are non-smokers. The youngest age group of 15-24 years old still constitutes the highest share of those. Compared to 2015, an increase in total number of smokers exposed to smoke at home (15.2% vs. 19%) in non-smokers is a minor difference compared to 2015. Men are exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace more than twice as much as women, as well as for smokers and non-smokers. Compared to 2015, the number of non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke (20% vs. 15.2%) increased. The persistently high percentage of non-smokers exposed to smoke in indoor workplaces will need to be further monitored in connection with the introduction of measures to protect them. |
| Republic of North Macedonia | EUR | Report not provided | At home Total 46,2 Male 43,0 Female 49,7 At public Places Total 49,8 Male 46,4 Feamale 53,5 | At home Total 46,2 Male 43,0 Female 49,7 At public Places Total 49,8 Male 46,4 Feamale 53,5 |
| Türkiye | EUR | 25.1% of adults (16.0 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 15.9% of adults (5.5 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke in private cars among those who own a private car. | 26.7% of adults (16.0 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 17.4% of adults (5.5 million adults) were exposed to tobacco smoke in private cars among those who own a private car. | Answer not provided |
| Yemen | EMR | OVERALL (%) BOYS (%) GIRLS (%) Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 40.5 41.7 38.0 Exposure to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place 55.5 63.3 43.0 Exposure to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place. 42.3 50.3 29.6 Students who saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside on school property 46.5 52.9 36.0 | Report not provided | OVERALL (%) BOYS (%) GIRLS (%) Exposure to tobacco smoke at home 40.5 41.7 38.0 Exposure to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place 55.5 63.3 43.0 Exposure to tobacco smoke at any outdoor public place. 42.3 50.3 29.6 Students who saw anyone smoking inside the school building or outside on school property 46.5 52.9 36.0 |
| Togo | AFR | Globalement, trois personnes sur dix (33.9%) étaient exposés à la fumée dans la maison au cours des 30 jours ayant précédé l’enquête. Cette proportion était de 37.9% chez les hommes et 30.0% chez les femmes . Globalement, deux personnes sur dix (17.3%) étaient exposées à la fumée au lieu de travail au cours des 30 jours ayant précédé l’enquête. Cette proportion était d’environ 18.8% chez les hommes et 15.7% chez les femmes . | Au Togo en 2010, 33,9 % de la population avaient été exposées pendant au moins un jour à la fumée du tabac à la maison au cours des 7 derniers jours précédant l’enquête. L’exposition à la fumée du tabac était globalement plus élevée chez les hommes (40,9 %) que chez les femmes (27,4 %). La tranche d’âge de 35-44 ans était la plus exposée à la fumée du tabac à la maison avec 46,8 % des hommes et 31,8 % des femmes. La tranche d’âge de 15-24 ans était par contre la moins exposée à la fumée du tabac à la maison chez les hommes (36 %) et celle de 55-64 ans la moins exposée à la fumée du tabac à la maison chez les femmes (18,4 %). D’après l’enquête STEPS, 19,9 % de la population togolaise avaient été exposées à la fumée du tabac sur leur lieu de travail pendant au moins un jour au cours des sept jours ayant précédé l’entretien. Tout comme le tabagisme passif à domicile, les hommes ont été les plus exposés à la fumée du tabac sur leur lieu de travail (22,5 %) contre 17,4% chez les femmes. La tranche d’âge la plus exposée au tabagisme passif au lieu de travail était celles de 45-54 ans chez les hommes (33,7 %) et 25-34 ans chez les femmes (20,9 %). Les moins exposées étaient les répondants des tranches 15-24 ans chez les hommes (14,7 %) et 55-64 ans chez les femmes (7,7 %). | Exposition à domicile : homme 49,90 %, Femme, 27, 4%et homme et femme 33,9 % Exposition au travail : homme 22,5% ; femme 17,4 % homme et femme 19,9 ¨% NB : tranche dâge : 15 - 64 ans (2010) Exposition à domicile : garçons : 22.40 %, filles : 16.80 %et garçons et filles : 20.10 % Exposition dans les autres lieux publics fermés : garçons : 28.90 %, filles : 21.60 %et garçons et filles : 25.90 % Exposition dans les autres lieux publics ouvert : garçons : 28.80 %, filles : 23.40 %et garçons et filles : 26.60 % Exposition dans les écoles : garçons : 13.3 %, filles : 11.70 %et garçons et filles : 12.70 % NB : tranche dâge : 13 - 15 ans (2013) |
| Senegal | AFR | - 30,4% des adultes travaillant à l’intérieur (0,46 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac au travail ; - 21,6% des adultes (1,64 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac à la maison ; - 28,8% d’adultes ayant fréquenté des restaurants (2,25 millions) ; - 79,3% des adultes ayant fréquenté des bars ou boites de nuit (6,21 millions); - 14,3% des adultes ayant fréquenté les transports publics (1,12 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac. | - 30,4% des adultes travaillant à l’intérieur (0,46 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac au travail ; - 21,6% des adultes (1,64 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac à la maison ; - 28,8% d’adultes ayant fréquenté des restaurants (2,25 millions) ; - 79,3% des adultes ayant fréquenté des bars ou boites de nuit (6,21 millions); - 14,3% des adultes ayant fréquenté les transports publics (1,12 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac. | - 30,4% des adultes travaillant à l’intérieur (0,46 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac au travail ; - 21,6% des adultes (1,64 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac à la maison ; - 28,8% d’adultes ayant fréquenté des restaurants (2,25 millions) ; - 79,3% des adultes ayant fréquenté des bars ou boites de nuit (6,21 millions); - 14,3% des adultes ayant fréquenté les transports publics (1,12 million) ont été exposés à la fumée du tabac. |
| San Marino | EUR | Answer not provided | Report not provided | Answer not provided |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | AMR | Report not provided | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Romania | EUR | Exposed to tobacco smoke in the last 6 months in a drinking establishment such as a bar: 7.5% Exposed to tobacco smoke in the last 6 months in an eating establishment such as a restaurant: 27.5% | Report not provided | Report not provided |
| Republic of Moldova | EUR | One in six individuals (16.5%) were exposed to second-hand smoke at home - 17,3% among men and 15,7 among women, also 28.3 % of students were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. One in four in the workplace (26.2%), with more men (35.0%) exposed than women (17.2%), which considerably increases the risk of NCDs among exposed individuals. | One in six individuals (16.5%) were exposed to second-hand smoke at home - 17,3% among men and 15,7 among women, also 28.3 % of students were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. One in four in the workplace (26.2%), with more men (35.0%) exposed than women (17.2%), which considerably increases the risk of NCDs among exposed individuals. | One in six individuals (16.5%) were exposed to second-hand smoke at home - 17,3% among men and 15,7 among women, also 26.7 % of students were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. One in four in the workplace (26.2%), with more men (35.0%) exposed than women (17.2%), which considerably increases the risk of NCDs among exposed individuals. |
| India | SEA | 38.7% of adults exposed to SHS at Home (Male 38.1% , Female – 39.3%) 30.2% of adults exposed to SHS at Workplace (Male 32.7% , Female – 17.9 %) 23.0% of adults exposed to SHS at any public places includes Government offices/buildings, health care facilities, restaurants, and public Transportation vehicles or stations | 38.7% of adults exposed to SHS at Home (Male 38.1% , Female – 39.3%) 30.2% of adults exposed to SHS at Workplace (Male 32.7% , Female – 17.9 %) 23.0% of adults exposed to SHS at any public places includes Government offices/buildings, health care facilities, restaurants, and public Transportation vehicles or stations | 38.7% of adults exposed to SHS at Home (Male 38.1% , Female – 39.3%) 30.2% of adults exposed to SHS at Workplace (Male 32.7% , Female – 17.9 %) 23.0% of adults exposed to SHS at any public places includes Government offices/buildings, health care facilities, restaurants, and public Transportation vehicles or stations |
| Ireland | EUR | Overall, 16% are exposed to second–hand smoke on a daily basis 34% of smokers are exposed to second-hand smoke daily, and 10% of non-smokers exposed daily Exposure to second-hand smoke among non-smokers is highest among those aged 15 to 24, 19% of whom are exposed to it on a daily basis. Also, 18% of non-smokers living in the most deprived areas are exposed to second-hand smoke daily | Overall, 16% are exposed to second–hand smoke on a daily basis 34% of smokers are exposed to second-hand smoke daily, and 10% of non-smokers exposed daily Exposure to second-hand smoke among non-smokers is highest among those aged 15 to 24, 19% of whom are exposed to it on a daily basis. Also, 18% of non-smokers living in the most deprived areas are exposed to second-hand smoke daily | Overall, 16% are exposed to second–hand smoke on a daily basis 34% of smokers are exposed to second-hand smoke daily, and 10% of non-smokers exposed daily Exposure to second-hand smoke among non-smokers is highest among those aged 15 to 24, 19% of whom are exposed to it on a daily basis. Also, 18% of non-smokers living in the most deprived areas are exposed to second-hand smoke daily |
| Italy | EUR | Answer not provided | Answer not provided | according to GYTS 2014 youth (13-15 years) are expose to passive smoking in their home: 49.9% overall, 45.4% boys and 54.5% girls. according to PASSI Surveillance the smoking ban in workplaces is respected in 93% of cases in 2016 (91,4% in 2014) the smoking ban in public places is respected in 91.1% of cases in 2016 (89.7% in 2014) homes where smoking is not allowed are 81.8% in 2016 (78% in 2014) |
| Nepal | SEA | At Home: Age Both Sexes 15-24 years 33.8% 25-39 years 34.4% 40-54 years 30.5% 55-69 years 34.8% Sex Men 35.8% Women 31.5% Both(15-69) 33.5% In the Workplace: Age Both Sexes 15-24 years 21.8% 25-39 years 22.7% 40-54 years 22.7% 55-69 years 23.4% Sex Men 23.9% Women 21.4% Both(15-69) 22.5% | At Home: Age Men Women Both Sexes 15-29 years 38.4% 34.5% 36.4% 30-44 years 34.9% 34.2% 34.5% 45-69 years 37.9% 36.7% 37.3% 15-69 years 37.3% 35.0% 36.1% In the Workplace: Age Men Women Both Sexes 15-29 years 42.9% 28.4% 35.5% 30-44 years 44.6% 32.8% 38.4% 45-69 years 43.1% 34.8% 39.0% 15-69 years 43.4% 31.3% 37.2% | At Home: Age Men Women Both Sexes 15-29 years 38.4% 34.5% 36.4% 30-44 years 34.9% 34.2% 34.5% 45-69 years 37.9% 36.7% 37.3% 15-69 years 37.3% 35.0% 36.1% In the Workplace: Age Men Women Both Sexes 15-29 years 42.9% 28.4% 35.5% 30-44 years 44.6% 32.8% 38.4% 45-69 years 43.1% 34.8% 39.0% 15-69 years 43.4% 31.3% 37.2% |
| Iran (Islamic Republic of) | EMR | Tobacco exposure at home: Total: 21.3 (20.67, 21.72), Male: 15.03 Female: 26.18 Tobacco exposure at Work/Public place: Total: 16.77 (16.29, 17.25), , Male: 17.01 Female: 16.57 | 24.2% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 38.4% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke inside enclosed public places. 18-100 years old: Male: 36.37 Female: 28.18 At work: 14.5 At home: : 26.28 | 24.2% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 38.4% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke inside enclosed public places. 18-100 years old: Male: 36.37 Female: 28.18 At work: 14.5 At home: : 26.28 |
| Iraq | EMR | SECONDHAND SMOKE 56.1% of adults (18 years old and above) were exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace. 52.8% of adults (18 years old and above) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 44.8% of students (13-15 years old)were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 43.4% of students (13-15 years old) were exposed to tobacco smoke inside enclosed public places. | SECONDHAND SMOKE 56.1% of adults (18 years old and above) were exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace. 52.8% of adults (18 years old and above) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 44.8% of students (13-15 years old)were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 43.4% of students (13-15 years old) were exposed to tobacco smoke inside enclosed public places. | SECONDHAND SMOKE 56.1% of adults (18 years old and above) were exposed to tobacco smoke at the workplace. 52.8% of adults (18 years old and above) were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. |
| Israel | EUR | Report not provided | 65.9% of the total population, 71.8% among males and 60.3 among females. 19.8% were exposed to SHS at home, 25.2% at work and 22.0% in closed public places and 25.5% in open public spaces. among males, 16.1% were exposed to SHS at home, 34.4% at work, 24.6% in closed public places and 27.3% in open public spaces. among females, 22.1% were exposed to SHS at home, 16.4% at work, 19.5% in closed public places and 23.8% in open public spaces. | Report not provided |