A research and reference collaborative system for the diagnoses of fungal infections including drug-resistant ones is established both in Brazil and Japan.

1. Prevalence of drug-resistant fungi and its mechanisms of drug-resistance are epidemiologically elucidated.2. Gene amplification technologies-based drug-resistance genes detection methods with sufficient sensitivity, specificity and operability are established for the diagnoses of drug-resistant mycoses. 3. A UNICAMP-centered research collaboration system among research, medical and administrative organizations is established.