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HIV & AIDS

HIV prevention

This section includes RHL summaries of published systematic reviews on HIV/AIDS. This includes information on the prevention of HIV through clinical, behavioral and social interventions. It also includes RHL summaries on the management of HIV, including the use of antiretroviral drugs and adjuvant therapies, promoting treatment adherence, and managing HIV/AIDS-related complications.

RHL Article

Behavioural interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in low- and middle-income countries

Behavioural interventions appear to reduce the rates of transmission of sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital warts, and chlamydial infections among sex workers in low- and middle-income countries. The interventions were also found to be effective in increasing...

Behavioural interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in low- and middle-income countries

RHL Article

A woman receives medication at a clinic pharmacy, India.

Behavioural interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV

In this review, behavioral interventions to promote condom use and/or modify risky sexual behaviours among women living with HIV failed to demonstrate any positive effects on behaviour change in favour of consistent condom use during intercourse.

Behavioural interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV

RHL Article

Social marketing interventions to increase HIV/STI testing uptake among men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgender women

Limited evidence from developed countries suggests that multi-media social marking interventions can significantly increase HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men. In the absence of studies from under-resourced settings, it is unclear whether such interventions would also promote HIV...

Social marketing interventions to increase HIV/STI testing uptake among men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgender women

RHL Article

A young woman receives a rapid syphilis test, Mongolia.

Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection

This review did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that interventions to control sexually transmitted infections are an effective HIV prevention strategy at the population level. However, some of the interventions studied reduced the prevalence of syphilis and gonorrhoea at the population...

Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection

RHL Article

A mobile clinic for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC)

Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men

Male circumcision offers significant protection to men against the acquisition of HIV during heterosexual sex. The conclusions of this review would be applicable to all under-resourced settings, especially where circumcision is already practised and where the heterosexual HIV transmission is...

Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men

RHL Article

HIV positive mother with her baby who is HIV-free, Uganda.

Interventions for preventing late postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Complete avoidance of breastfeeding prevents mother-to-child transmission of HIV, but in settings where clean water is not available, this intervention carries a similar risk of infant mortality to that among breast-fed infants. Mixed infant feeding is associated with the highest risk of postnatal...

Interventions for preventing late postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV

RHL Article

Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection

Short-course zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine are effective therapies for reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Implementation of this intervention would require antenatal care services to be available and utilized early enough to identify HIV-positive mothers.

Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection

RHL Article

A midwife assists a 20 year old woman during labour in a health centre, Uganda.

Vaginal disinfection for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection

Available evidence is insufficient to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of vaginal lavage in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Vaginal disinfection for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection

RHL Article

Woman in a clinic waiting room, Mozambique

Nonoxynol-9 for preventing vaginal acquisition of HIV infection by women from men

Nonoxynol-9 does not protect women against acquisition of HIV infection through sex. In fact, there is evidence that nonoxynol-9 may cause harm by increasing the frequency of genital lesions. Based on available evidence nonoxynol-9 cannot be recommended for use in HIV/AIDS prevention programmes.

Nonoxynol-9 for preventing vaginal acquisition of HIV infection by women from men

RHL Article

Members of a youth program watching a video on sexually transmitted infections, Kenya

Interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS among adolescents in less developed countries: are they effective?

The studies generally showed only weak or modest improvements in knowledge about HIV and AIDS, altering attitudes, improving negotiation and communication skills or change in behaviour change (e.g. habitual use of condoms), abstinence, or decreasing the number of partners. Higher quality studies...

Interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS among adolescents in less developed countries: are they effective?

RHL Article

A woman, 23, discusses her HIV-positive status with members of the community, she works with a Special Youth Project and raises awareness about HIV/AIDs and sexual violence, Papua New Guinea

HIV sexual risk-reduction interventions for youth: a review and methodological critique of randomized controlled trials

This review assessed HIV risk reduction interventions for adolescents. The authors concluded that there was considerable evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions but, owing to methodological limitations of the available research, there is a need to improve the quality of primary...

HIV sexual risk-reduction interventions for youth: a review and methodological critique of randomized controlled trials

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Topic Page

HIV & AIDS

HIV prevention

RHL Article

Behavioural interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in low- and middle-income countries

RHL Article

Behavioural interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV

RHL Article

Social marketing interventions to increase HIV/STI testing uptake among men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgender women

RHL Article

Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection

RHL Article

Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men

RHL Article

Interventions for preventing late postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV

RHL Article

Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection

RHL Article

Vaginal disinfection for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection

RHL Article

Nonoxynol-9 for preventing vaginal acquisition of HIV infection by women from men

RHL Article

Interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS among adolescents in less developed countries: are they effective?

RHL Article

HIV sexual risk-reduction interventions for youth: a review and methodological critique of randomized controlled trials

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