Action - Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programme in Niger - Management of severe acute malnutrition - Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)

Programme: Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programme in Niger

Programme description

The Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) is one of World Vision’s core project models in nutrition. The CMAM approach enables community volunteers to identify and initiate treatment by referring  children with acute malnutrition before they become seriously ill.  Caregivers provide treatment for the majority of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the home using Ready-to-Use-Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) and receiving routine medical care at a local health facility. When necessary, severely malnourished children who have medical complications or lack an appetite are referred to in-patient facilities for more intensive treatment. CMAM programs also work to integrate treatment with a variety of other longer-term interventions such as Nutrition Education, Infant and Young Child Feeding and Food Security. These interventions are designed to reduce the incidence of malnutrition and improve public health and food security in a sustainable manner.

There are four key components to the CMAM approach: Community Mobilisation, Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP), Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP), and Stabilisation Centre/In-patient Care (SC).  On the most part, World Vision does not set up Stabilisation Centres but instead works closely with existing local health institutions or medical NGOs to provide these services.

World Vision has been operational in Niger for almost two decades – implementing a wide range of long-term development activities across the country. Their work is structured alongside the model of comprehensive area development programs (known internally as ADPs). Each ADP has a Health & Nutrition component which seeks to deliver support through (while simultaneously strengthening) local health structures. In July 2005 and as a result of the 2005 food crisis in Niger that year, World Vision launched a community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program based on the National Protocol for the Management of Acute Malnutrition.  At that time,  contacts were made with Valid International – aimed at establishing a partnership for an effective and quality delivery of the CMAM program. An institutional agreement between World Vision and Valid International was reached in July 2006, thus paving the way for the provision of technical support to the Niger CTC (now called CMAM) program.

As a part of the national nutrition strategy, WV is currently implementing CMAM  in many decentralized government health centers throughout the country,  with the support of partner NGOs (ex. Medecins Sans Frontieres). From the onset of CMAM program implementation, It has been integrated within the Ministry of Health structures such as the CSIs (Integrated Health Centers) with regular trainings of MOH health staff at national, regional and CSI levels based on the most revised  version of the National Protocol, ultimately leading to the final version (i.e. Protocole Nationale de prise en Charge de la Malnutrition. MOH Publique/UNICEF/OMS. Juin 2009).

Programme type

National

Cost

Currency: US Dollars (USD)Purposes: Salaries & Benefits; Supplies & Materials; Travel & Transportation; Training & Consulting; Monitoring & Evaluation; Occupancy; Communications; Equipment.Action: Covers all actions

References

Evaluation of World Vision Niger Emergency Nutrition Programme, Tillaberi and Niamey Regions (Jul 2010 - Jul 2011), Bernadette Feeney, Technical Advisor, Valid International. 

Evaluation Semi-Quantitative de l’Accessibilité et de la Couverture (SQUEAC) CSI appuyés par World Vision ADP de Kornaka West, Gobir Yamma, Chadakori et Goulbi Kaba Région de Maradi, République du Niger, (22 mars au 15 avril, 2011), Allie Norris, Consultante Mobilisation, Valid International.

Rapport De La Mobilisation Sociale Dans Le Cadre Du Redémarrage des Activités Du Programme De World Vision dePrise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë Régions de Zinder, Maradi et Tillabéri, Niger (13 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Allie Norris et Gabriele Walz Techniciennes de Mobilisation Sociale, Valid International.

Formation sur la“Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë” (PCMA) ADP de Zinder & de Tillabéri (20 juin au 19 juillet, 2010);ADP de Maradi (20 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante PCMA et Bernadette Feeneey, Valid International.

Evaluation FinaleDu Programme CTC Dans La Région De Zinder World Vision, Niger (06 au 18 Juin, 2008), El Hadji Issakha Diop, CTC Advisor, Valid International.

Rapport De L’enquête De Couverture Du Projet CTC Exécuté Par World Vision ADPs De Kassama, DTk Et Gamou Région De ZinderNiger (Avril- Mai, 2007), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante CTC, Valid International.

Programme CTC de World Visiondans la région de Zinder, Niger : Evaluation à mi- parcours (11- 18 Mai, 2007), El Hadji Issakha Diop, Consultant CTC, Valid International. 

Visite au programme CTC Région de Zinder (WV Niger), (13 – 24 Février, 2007)Montse Saboya, Valid International.

Mobilisation Communautaire Visite Technique au Programme de CTC Zinder, Niger, (20 février – 2 mars, 2007), Saul Guerrero & Nyauma Nyasani, Consultants de développement communautaire et social, Valid International.

Community Mobilisation aspects of the World Vision CTC Programme, Zinder Region, Niger (Aug 4 - 18, 2006), Saul Guerrero, Valid International.

Assessment for CTC World Vision in Niger (Jul - Aug, 2006), Valid International.

Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition Model: http://www.wvi.org/nutrition/project-models/cmam

Status: 
On-going

Start date:

July
2005
Area: 
Urban
Rural
Place: 
5 regions (Zinder, Maradi, Niamey, Tillabéri, Tahoua)
Target group: 
Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)
SAM child
Age group: 
6-59 months
Delivery: 
Community-based
Implementation details : 

World Vision works with communities through Area Development Programs (ADPs) that have been identified and implemented based on a series of development criteria. The ADPs serve as the basic intervention unit of the WV's multi-sectoral programs/projects (e.g. in education, water and sanitation, health, income-generating activities and sponsorship of children etc.), but the geographical areas of the ADPs do not necessarily align with administrative boundaries of the country. The whole ADP and program management structure is geared toward long-term development programming, into which the nutritional activities/programs such as Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) are integrated.

 Since July/August 2005, WV Niger has been implementing and supporting the following four components of a CMAM program:

  1. Community Mobilization
  2. Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP) for children U5 suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) without medical complications
  3. Stabilization Centre (SC) for children U5 suffering from SAM and Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) with medical complications (in partnership with other NGOs)
  4. Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP) for children U5 suffering from MAM without medical complications and for moderately malnourished Pregnant and Lactating Women (PLWs)

All programmatic activities are implemented through the local health structures and systems and their respective catchment areas. The majority of the OTP and SFP activities are implemented in the Integrated Health Centers (CSI) but in order to achieve greater coverage and to bring supplementary facilities closer to communities, WV has also implemented the programs in Health Posts (CS) which are satellites of CSI.  Most OTP take place together with SFP in CSI but few are located in CS as well. The OTP activities, including the provision of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (Plumpy Nut) and the systematic treatments are conducted on a weekly basis, whereas the SFP activities, including the distribution of Fortified Blended Food (Premix with CSB (Corn Soya Based), oil, sugar) for MAM children and moderately malnourished PLWs are carried out bi-monthly basis. The numbers of OTP and SFP sites and staff per ADP differ depending on the target population size and needs.

The technical (nutrition related) and managerial structure of WV in Niger (WVN) includes two nutrition coordinators (East and West) and six regional nutrition supervisor mangers (one per region) who coordinate and harmonize nutritional activities through the different locations. All of them are supported by a relief-nutrition country manager based in Niamey. In each ADP, there is also a health-nutrition manager who is responsible for overseeing ADP related health and nutrition programs and staff. As the national health system is WV's principle partner, WVN staff always work in partnership/collaboration with Ministry of Health (MOH) staff. Currently, WVN staff mainly act as technical facilitators and help with the general management of the program activities such as site organization, training of the community volunteers who help during distributions, channeling food and medical supplies coming from UNICEF and WFP, and program monitoring. Depending on the ADP, there is also either one or two nurses who provides support to the MOH staff in the field.

Target population size : 
ADP Name Total Population; 6-59 months Kornaka West 68,165; 15,261 Gobir Yamma 56,032; 12,934 Ouallam 572,377; 188,745 Simiri 186,528; 76,805
Coverage level (%): 
Zinder: April-May 2007, point coverage = 21.4% and period coverage = 36.1%.
Outcome indicator(s): 

 

OTP Outcome

Cured % (#)

> 75%

Died % (#)

< 10%

Defaulted % (#)

< 15%

Non-recovered % (#)

Regions

Reporting Period: 2010

Maradi (June-Dec)

74.5 (1540)

0.7 (14)

6.9 (143)

17.9 (371)

Niamey (Aug-Dec)

83.3 (445)

0.4 (2)

3.6 (19)

12.7 (68)

Tahoua (Aug-Dec)

86.6 (453)

1.0 (5)

10.3 (54)

2.1 (11)

Tillaberi (Jan-Dec)

86.4 (912)

1.5 (16)

11.0 (116)

1.1 (12)

Zinder (Jan-Dec)

83.6 (799)

4.3 (41)

10.0 (96)

2.1 (20)

Reporting Period: Jan - Dec, 2011

Maradi

93.5 (4510)

0.3 (16)

4.9 (235)

1.3 (62)

Niamey

NA

NA

NA

NA

Tahoua

84.2 (1054)

0.8 (10)

5.8 (72)

9.3 (116)

Tillaberi

85.5 (1484)

1.6 (27)

10.8 (187)

2.1 (37)

Zinder

94.8 (1803)

0.5 (9)

3.2 (61)

1.5 (29)

Reporting Period: Jan - Dec, 2012

Maradi

97.7 (2651)

0.1 (3)

1.5 (41)

0.7 (18)

Niamey

86.9 (839)

0.3 (3)

5.4 (52)

7.5 (72)

Tahoua

84.7 (762)

1.6 (14)

10.4 (94)

3.3 (30)

Tillaberi

89.1 (886)

1.7 (17)

8.4 (83)

0.8 (8)

Zinder

98.8 (4200)

0.3 (12)

0.1 (6)

0.8 (32)

Reporting Period: 2013

Maradi (Jan-Apr)

94.6 (546)

0.5 (3)

3.3 (19)

1.6 (9)

Niamey (Jan-May)

70.1 (129)

0.0 (0)

18.5 (34)

11.4 (21)

Tahoua (Jan-May)

92.7 (281)

0.0 (0)

4.6 (14)

2.6 (8)

Tillaberi (Jan-Mar)

95.8 (46)

0.0 (0)

4.2 (2)

0.0 (0)

Zinder (Jan-May)

99.6 (1254)

0.2 (3)

0.1 (1)

0.1 (1)

 

M&E system: 

Ongoing monitoring and evaluation of CMAM programs is essential for ensuring program targets are being reached.  As of Spring 2010, WV is using a consolidated online database management system for CMAM programs.  The system is a positive transformation from the existing Excel spreadsheets (template provided by Valid International) that were used during the first few years of WV CMAM programming by National Offices. A simple and systematic data management system allows multi-level program managers to easily retrieve CMAM data and make quick and accurate decisions based on the data that is available to them.  In the early days of WV CMAM implementation, prompt access the Excel database was limited to the field staff throughout the year.  However, WV’s online CMAM system aims to facilitate this overall data recovery process for WV Staff located in the National, Regional and Support Offices, and Global Health Centre, as well. The online system is carefully designed to be user friendly and applicable for WV staffs across partnership. Staff members are provided with password protected login identification and can access the different online pages that are relevant to their job responsibilities. In this way, they are able to input their monthly tally sheets, generate clear reports, predict future trends (including resources), provide timely input to all internal/external requests and access raw data sheets for further analysis. Furthermore, the quantitative indicators and data collection tools closely align themselves with what has been developed and used by different MOH, facilitating a simple integrating with existing administrative systems and standards in a particular country.  All WV CMAM indicators and data collection tools have been standardized to complement the existing myriad of MOH and National Office requirements, as well as the International benchmarks (e.g. SPHERE).  In addition to these standard indicators, the CMAM database also includes WV contextual data (e.g. # Registered Children, # Orphans & Vulnerable Children) that is mandatory with the Partnership’s Integrated Program Management. 

Baseline: 
Sept - Oct, 2005: National GAM 15.3%, SAM 1.8%; Zinder GAM 16.1%, SAM 1.2%. Sept, 2006: Maradi GAM 8.2%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.3/10,000. Oct - Nov, 2006: National GAM 10.3%, SAM 1.4%, U5M 1.08/10,000, Exclusive breastfeeding 2.2%, Complementary feeding (6-9mos) 78.4%; Zinder GAM 9.7%, SAM 1.7%; Maradi GAM 6.8%, SAM 0.6%; Tahoua GAM 12.5%, SAM 1.1%; Tillaberi GAM 11.2%, SAM 1.9%; Niamey GAM 9.2%; SAM 0.5%. June, 2007: National GAM 11.2%, SAM 1%, U5M 0.71/10,000; Tillaberi GAM 11.2% Oct - Nov, 2007: National GAM 11.0%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.81/10,000, Exclusive breastfeeding 9.0%, Complementary feeding (6-9mos) 78.4%; Zinder GAM 11.7%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 3.55/10,000, EB 9.7%, CF 68.2%; Maradi GAM 10.7%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 0.83/10,000, EB 7.6%, CF 73.9%; Tahoua GAM 13.1%, SAM 0.4%, U5M 1.62/10,000, EB 15.7%, CF 89.7%; Tillaberi GAM 7.9%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 3.14/10,000, EB 1.6%, CF 63.5%; Niamey GAM 9.9%, SAM 0.9%, U5M 1.57/10,000, EB 17.1%, CF 40.6%. June-July, 2008: National GAM 10.7%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.53/10,000; Zinder GAM 15.7%, SAM 1.9%, U5M 2.13/10,000; Maradi GAM 9.9%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 1.79/10,000; Tahoua GAM 8.4%, SAM 0.6%, U5M 1.67/10,000; Tillaberi GAM 10.1%, SAM 0.1%, U5M 1.11/10,000; Niamey GAM 6.8%, SAM 0.9%, U5M 0.34/10,000. May-June, 2010: National GAM 16.7%, SAM 3.2%; Maradi GAM 19.7%, SAM 3.9%; Zinder GAM 17.8%, SAM 3.6%; Tillaberi GAM 14.8%, SAM 2.7%. June, 2009: National GAM 12.3%, SAM 2.3%. Oct, 2010: Maradi GAM 15.5%, SAM 4.3% MAY, 2013: TILLABERRI GAM 13.3%, SAM 3.1% ZINDER GAM 11.7%, SAM 2.3% MARADI GAM 16.3%, SAM 3.0% TAHOUA GAM 13.1%, SAM 2.3% NIAMEY GAM 11.0%, 1.6%
Post-intervention: 

See above

Outcome reported by social determinants: 
Vulnerable groups
Sex

Tabs

Revision log

DateUserLogState
Fri, 09/20/2013 - 11:18engesveenkEdited by engesveenk. Allocated 1 region only per geocoding location field for correct display on mappublished
Wed, 09/11/2013 - 05:30scarrEdited by scarr.draft
Wed, 09/11/2013 - 05:25scarrEdited by scarr.draft
Wed, 09/11/2013 - 05:22scarrEdited by scarr.draft
Tue, 08/27/2013 - 21:28scarrCreated by scarr.draft