"programme_id","programme_title","programme_language","programme_type","other_program","iso3code","country_name","program_location","area","status","start_date","end_date","brief_description","references","related_policy","new_policy","partner_gov","partner_government_details","partner_un","partner_un_details","partner_ngo","partner_ngo_details","partner_donors","partner_donors_details","partner_intergov","partner_intgov_details","partner_national_ngo","partner_nat_ngo_details","partner_research","partner_research_details","partner_private","partner_private_details","partner_other","partner_other_details","cost","fsector_0","fpartner_0","fdetails_0","fsector_1","fpartner_1","fdetails_1","fsector_2","fpartner_2","fdetails_2","fsector_3","fpartner_3","fdetails_3","fsector_4","fpartner_4","fdetails_4","fsector_5","fpartner_5","fdetails_5","fsector_6","fpartner_6","fdetails_6","fsector_7","fpartner_7","fdetails_7","fsector_8","fpartner_8","fdetails_8","fsector_9","fpartner_9","fdetails_9","fsector_10","fpartner_10","fdetails_10","fsector_11","fpartner_11","fdetails_11","fsector_12","fpartner_12","fdetails_12","fsector_13","fpartner_13","fdetails_13","fsector_14","fpartner_14","fdetails_14","fsector_15","fpartner_15","fdetails_15","fsector_16","fpartner_16","fdetails_16","fsector_17","fpartner_17","fdetails_17","fsector_18","fpartner_18","fdetails_18","fsector_19","fpartner_19","fdetails_19","fsector_20","fpartner_20","fdetails_20","fsector_21","fpartner_21","fdetails_21","fsector_22","fpartner_22","fdetails_22","fsector_23","fpartner_23","fdetails_23","fsector_24","fpartner_24","fdetails_24","fsector_25","fpartner_25","fdetails_25","fsector_26","fpartner_26","fdetails_26","fsector_27","fpartner_27","fdetails_27","fsector_28","fpartner_28","fdetails_28","fsector_29","fpartner_29","fdetails_29","fsector_30","fpartner_30","fdetails_30","fsector_31","fpartner_31","fdetails_31","fsector_32","fpartner_32","fdetails_32","fsector_33","fpartner_33","fdetails_33","fsector_34","fpartner_34","fdetails_34","fsector_35","fpartner_35","fdetails_35","fsector_36","fpartner_36","fdetails_36","fsector_37","fpartner_37","fdetails_37","fsector_38","fpartner_38","fdetails_38","fsector_39","fpartner_39","fdetails_39","fsector_40","fpartner_40","fdetails_40","fsector_41","fpartner_41","fdetails_41","fsector_42","fpartner_42","fdetails_42","fsector_43","fpartner_43","fdetails_43","fsector_44","fpartner_44","fdetails_44","fsector_45","fpartner_45","fdetails_45","fsector_46","fpartner_46","fdetails_46","fsector_47","fpartner_47","fdetails_47","fsector_48","fpartner_48","fdetails_48","fsector_49","fpartner_49","fdetails_49","action_id","theme","topic","new_topic","micronutrient","micronutrient_compound","target_group","age_group","place","delivery","other_delivery","dose_frequency","impact_indicators","me_system","target_pop","coverage_percent","coverage_type","baseline","post_intervention","social_det","social_other","elena_link","problem_0","solution_0","problem_1","solution_1","problem_2","solution_2","problem_3","solution_3","problem_4","solution_4","problem_5","solution_5","problem_6","solution_6","problem_7","solution_7","problem_8","solution_8","problem_9","solution_9","other_problems","other_lessons","personal_story","language" "8820","Maziko: Nutrition Foundations for Women and Children ","English","Community/sub-national","","MWI","Malawi","Kasungu, Malawi|Ntchisi, Central Region, Malawi","Rural","on-going","01-2012","01-2015","
This project (Maziko) aims to benefit more than 236,000 women, girls and boys in two districts where stunting and malnutrition are widespread. Addressing under-five child stunting head-on, the project takes an integrated approach to preventing and treating malnutrition by addressing behaviour change in the areas of: feeding practices, agricultural production, water, sanitation and hygiene while also focusing on access to programs at the district and community level. The Maziko Project uses a model of behaviour change that has been proven to reach large numbers of households while also strengthening the community-based referral to health services.
","http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/cpo.nsf/vWebProjSearchEn/70D2D2C877D0...
","8657|7979","","","","","","CARE","Multi-year award for fiscal years 2011-12 to 2014-15","","","","","National NGOs","Agriteam Canada: Competitively Sourced Contract (Purchase of services for development assistance)","","","","","","","The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) will commit CA$6,049,015 for this project.","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","The Maziko Project uses a model of behaviour change that has been proven to reach large numbers of households while also strengthening the community-based referral to health services.
","Expected results are: improved delivery of nutrition services, nutritional practices among vulnerable households, and an improved local enabling environment to sustain nutrition outcome. This will be achieved through for example: an improved ability of women and caregivers to prepare nutritious and micronutrient rich meals thanks to a deeper understanding of optimal nutrition and illness prevention practices for lactating women and children under five; as well as economic and social empowerment of the vulnerable women through increased access to nutrition services, financial resources, and leadership opportunities in community groups, increasing their role in health and nutrition decision making processes.
","","more than 236,000 ","Two districts (both in central region) out of the 27 with the highest prevalence of stunting","","","","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11475","Empowering New Generations in Improved Nutrition and Economic Opportunities (ENGINE)","English","National","","ETH","Ethiopia","Amhara, Ethiopia|Oromia, Ethiopia|Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopia|Tigray, Ethiopia","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2017","ENGINE is a five year integrated nutrition program, which builds upon the GoE’s initiatives and renewed commitment to nutrition as well as the U.S. Government’s Global Health and Feed the Future Initiatives. ENGINE supports the implementation of the National Nutrition Program and will work to strengthen multi-sectoral coordination; build capacity at the policy and implementation levels and for pre-service education and training; support large-scale behavior change communication for nutrition; link nutrition, livelihoods and food security interventions; and integrate health and nutrition with private-public partnerships. ENGINE’s innovative interventions, including a robust learning agenda, will support and guide effective nutrition policy and practices to reduce undernutrition. Furthermore, the program will contribute to the Agriculture Growth Program as articulated in Ethiopia’s Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Plan (CAADP) by strengthening nutrition components.
In addition to the Feed the Future Initiative, funding from the Global Health Initiative includes support from the President’s Emergency Program for HIV/AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). ENGINE will operate in 100 woredas (zones) also targeted by the Agricultural Growth Program and supported by Feed the Future in the Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray regions, as well as at the national level.
","ENGINE’s core initiative is to prevent under nutrition by focusing on social behavior change, including linkages to livelihood and economic opportunities. The program strengthens linkages between agriculture, food security and nutrition by working in the same geographic zones as new Feed the Future agriculture and food security programs. In addition, it consolidates prior USAID investments in nutrition to ensure a coordinated response that meets the requirements of both the GHI and FtF.
ENGINE also works to expand USAID investments and technical leadership in providing nutrition support through a continuum of care, especially at the community level. By strengthening the quality and availability of nutrition services, as well as promoting nutrition education, the program aims to establish nutrition as an important issue within Government of Ethiopia ministries and throughout the country.
","The expected results for the program include:
“This is no ordinary nutrition program. We believe that nutrition is as much about food security as it is good health. Food security is not only about the quantity of food but also the quality of the diet and utilization of the food. We are joining efforts of our Feed the Future and Global Health Initiatives to achieve real food security that impacts the health and prosperity of Ethiopians.”
- U.S. Ambassador to Ethiopia Donald E. Booth
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 1: DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION AND INCOME – UPGRADE VALUE CHAINS
The first set of core investments in the Zambia FTF strategy contributes to systems transformation, with a primary focus on oilseeds and legumes and targeted interventions in the maize value chain, and a secondary focus on horticulture.
Feed the Future Value Chain Investments
USAID/Zambia will have several programs that contribute significantly to upgrading the oilseeds, legumes and maize value chains. This will be accomplished through several planned mechanisms, including: 1) the Production, Finance and Improved Technology Plus program, which is designed to increase food security and decrease hunger through agriculture-led growth and inclusive market access by smallholder farmers; and 2) public-private partnerships including Global Development Alliances (GDAs) to leverage private sector activity and promote market sustainability through private sector models. These efforts will stimulate agricultural growth and significantly contribute to the Millennium Development Goal 1 of halving the proportion of people living in extreme poverty and suffering from hunger by 2015. The programs will build on previous USAID-funded activities by closely linking efforts to enhance input supply with output markets, promoting value-added rural enterprises linked to selected value chains, and ensuring that women fully benefit from value chain development. One of the challenges of the previous program, given its focus on private sector sustainability, was to ensure female participation. Lessons learned from the successful Production, Finance and Improved Technologies (PROFIT) program, which closes in 2011, will be incorporated into new programs.
Programs will focus specifically on maize and oilseed/legume (particularly, groundnut, soya and sunflower) value chains in Eastern province and horticulture value chains in peri-urban Lusaka. Through this geographic focus, USAID-funded FTF activities will reach up to 25 percent of Zambian men and women smallholder farmers. Maize value chain work will focus on increasing productivity in order to meet food security. Smallholders will be benefit from an integrated approach that provides for maize food security and enables smallholders to diversify into commercial crops.
Illustrative Examples of Value Chain Activities
In-depth analysis of selected value chains. The program will conduct in-depth economic value chain analysis including market (both domestic and export) assessments, competition/profitability analyses, gender analyses, and strategies for Zambian value chains to improve competitiveness in light of market opportunities and constraints.
Value chain finance. Both the demand and supply side of value chain finance will be addressed to increase the competitiveness of selected value chains. Options to increase access to production and processing credit may include insurance, operating leases and expansion of e-banking. Activities to expand access to credit and financial services to both men and women will be assessed and implemented through a variety of mechanisms, partners and tools, including intermediary businesses, credit guarantees, microfinance and commercial banking products oriented to benefit smallholder farmers.
Provide local trade information and services. Local provider(s) of trade information and services will be supported to aid producers’ entry into local, regional and international markets, including sanitary and phytosanitary protocols, import requirements, customs and borders procedures, and contact points. The program will take extra effort to ensure equal access to information for women. The Zambia Agricultural Commodity Exchange (ZAMACE) will require support that will be gradually phased out, with the goal of achieving sustainability through self-sufficient funding of operations within three years.
Target regional export markets. The program will develop a strategy for targeting profitable export markets for Zambian products initially in the maize, legume and horticulture sectors. USAID/Zambia’s experience thus far has shown that in many cases regional markets provide more opportunities for exporters (particularly smallholders) than more distant international markets. Efforts will be made to ensure both men and women producers can access export markets.
Promote rural enterprise and cooperative development, particularly in value-added processing of selected value chains. Activities will also address marketing constraints faced by smallholder farmers, in particular women. The project will identify key agents that can create rural employment and opportunities for value addition, including cooperatives, traders, processors and agribusinesses that warehouse commodities. Governance, operations and capacity of Zambian organizations and firms that link farmers to value-added markets, including animal feed, high protein products, cooking oil and canned vegetables, will be strengthened. In particular, women-based producer and marketing associations will be organized around selected value chains.
",".
","USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components: 1) project-level reporting; 2) performance management/monitoring and evaluation; and, 3) external impact assessment to capture the aggregate impact of all investments and the relative contribution of different interventions to the extent feasible.
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives: (1) engage in """"rigorous"""" impact evaluations; and (2) build local capacity for monitoring and evaluation. The USAID/Zambia Mission has committed to implementing the operational research, managing for results, evaluation and local capacity-building model in its CDCS, and this will apply as well to FTF.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of
Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","Overall, an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—will receive targeted assistance to escape hunger and poverty","","","Increased productivity and income from selected value chains (gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product); Number of farmers, processors, and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex); Value of incremental sales (collected at farm/firm level) attributed to FTF implementation (disaggregated by targeted commodity) (disaggregated by sex of household head); Value of new private sector investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF implementation (Change in value – investments local and international); Increase in employment in value-added processing enterprises linked to selected commodities.","Increased productivity and income from selected value chains (gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product); Number of farmers, processors, and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex); Value of incremental sales (collected at farm/firm level) attributed to FTF implementation (disaggregated by targeted commodity) (disaggregated by sex of household head); Value of new private sector investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF implementation (Change in value – investments local and international); Increase in employment in value-added processing enterprises linked to selected commodities.","Vulnerable groups","","Biofortification of staple crops>>>Biofortification of staple crops>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/biofortification","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11545","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","ZMB","Zambia"," Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Central Province, Zambia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
Feed the Future Value Chain Research & Development Program
Research features prominently in the Feed the Future Initiative. The FTF research strategy has three objectives: advancing the productivity frontier, transforming production systems and enhancing dietary quality and food safety. The sustainable use of natural resources and adaptation to global climate changes are additional objectives. R&D investments will include several sub-components, through collaboration between international agriculture research centers, GRZ research institutes and public universities, private sector and other partners. The project will also incorporate a competitive grants program to promote public-private research and technology adoption. A key objective of the program is to enable these entities to directly implement activities within the life of the program. All programs will outline the steps, process and timeline to enable Zambian Government, NGO and other entities to be able to directly implement selected project activities within two years after the project has begun field implementation. Finally, to be effective, the programs must also actively involve both men and women in research design and trials to ensure appropriateness to their relative needs.
Some of the key issues that the agricultural research program in Zambia will address are outlined below.
The approach should include preliminary analysis to identify high pay-off interventions with the greatest potential to increase incomes and improve nutrition for a large number of smallholder maize-based farm households, with particular attention to gender-based constraints. These interventions may include varieties, management, alternative farm resource allocation and post-harvest approaches.
Possible components of a program include:
Low Productivity and Limited Production of Groundnuts--Limiting Their Contribution to Household Nutrition, Incomes and Women’s Empowerment
Illustrative activities include:
Widespread Aflatoxin Contamination--Reducing Food Quality and Limiting Exports
Responses to the aflatoxin problem in Zambia may include:
Role of Zambian Women in Science
The FTF strategy will also invest in the development of Zambian women scientists. The African Women in Research and Development (AWARD) program has successfully supported the career of up to nine Zambian women scientists in private and public research organizations as well as civil society organizations. The AWARD Fellows are paired with a leading scientist mentor in their field who supports the development of professional skills. Training in leadership and other professional skills such as writing and communication is provided. A current AWARD Fellow recently conducted a workshop on gender in the aquaculture sector, highlighting the importance of considering gender constraints in this sector. The AWARD Fellows also become mentors to younger women, thus extending the benefits of the program. The FTF strategy will continue this investment throughout the program and work with these scientists in order to strengthen the participation of women in agricultural research.
","
.
","
USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components:
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives:
The USAID/Zambia Mission has committed to implementing the operational research, managing for results, evaluation and local capacity-building model in its CDCS, and this will apply as well to FTF.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of
Data quality assessments will be conducted regularly to ensure consistency and completeness. Data collected through monitoring will be used for periodic reports to stakeholders. Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty","","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Biofortification of staple crops>>>Biofortification of staple crops>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/biofortification","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11545","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","ZMB","Zambia"," Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Central Province, Zambia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 2: ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT
As an additional key strategy component, FTF Zambia will support the development of favorable agriculture policy through policy research and advocacy for reform. For example, continued policy reform is needed for maize to be competitive in regional markets, including a consistent and open border policy; small government strategic reserve; price-band management; and, use of the e-voucher system in input provision. Another critical investment is support to the GRZ to advance and complete the CAADP process, i.e., by helping the government develop a realistic but ambitious Country Investment Plan.
Several important policy objectives will be supported by the USG toward creating an enabling environment to achieve FTF objectives. These include:
USAID/Zambia has awarded a five-year project (2010-2015) that will assist stakeholders through a program of research, policy analysis, outreach, and training. Assistance provided will also support key agricultural policy stakeholders throughout the development and implementation of the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Program (CAADP). The project, the Food Security Research Project (FSRP), will work closely with the Agricultural Consultative Forum (ACF), a Zambian NGO that provides a forum for policy dialogue, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO), the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development (MLFD), the Central Statistical Office (CSO), and other selected Zambian organizations.
The FSRP and ACF will take center stage in carrying out independent research to form the basis for developing and promoting supportive agricultural policy in Zambia. The ACF will also remain flexible to build capacity of other Zambian institutions that support the goal of improving fact-based agricultural and economic policy formulation in Zambia to nurture local capacity and local dissemination of knowledge to the public through commissioning and mentoring of local groups to undertake policy analysis. ACF and FSRP efforts in the past have addressed sound market-based principles through institutional capacity building and empirically-based policy research. Those efforts will be intensified to better support the GRZ’s implementation of its CAADP Investment Plan, which is a critical component of the FTF.
New USG funding in the project will be directed to three general activities – capacity building, more active outreach within and beyond the agricultural sector, and improvements in the quality of basic agricultural data emerging from CSO and MACO. This work will be undertaken in collaboration with other efforts to improvements overall data collection management of the CSO, particularly that being spearheaded by the U.K. Department for International Development (DFID). FTF will also fund training to support public and civil society leaders engaged in the CAADP process, as well as training of women scientists.
Key Enabling Environment Program Areas
Analytical Capacity for Improved Agricultural Policy in Zambia. Weak human and institutional capacity to analyze agricultural policy contributes to the politicization of agriculture in Zambia and a weak business climate for agricultural investment. FTF assistance will improve the analytical capacity of Zambian stakeholders. Stronger ―home-grown‖ analytical capacity and greater public outreach will lead to a greater understanding of key issues affecting agriculture by both the public at large and policy makers within the government. Informed technocrats within the government, backed by a supportive public opinion, should be able to convince political leaders to make sound decisions in agricultural policy.
New Project Directions. Emphasis will be on ―Zambianizing‖ the research capacity, which previously was not deep enough, due to limited finances and limited scope of local institutions. Increased high-level USG attention to food security issues demands a more thorough understanding of GRZ priorities and donor commitments in the sector. FSRP and ACF activities will provide the analytical basis for future US and other donor investments in the agricultural sector to combat hunger and poverty, which are aligned with the GRZ’s CAADP Compact.
Thematic And Operational Support of the CAADP Agenda. FSRP has supported the CAADP Compact process, ensuring that critical agricultural policy issues are, and will be, reflected in future policy planning and programming. FSRP support has ensured Zambian ownership of the CAADP framework, including its policies, programs, and targets. FSRP will work with policy makers and stakeholders as before, but with the added mandate of contributing to the peer review process that is part of the CAADP framework, focusing specifically on public resource allocation, investments and the implementation of policies that are the backbone of the CAADP process. FSRP will advocate that the CAADP process include a wide range of stakeholders with broad food security objectives across all four CAADP Pillars, and not result in a concentrated focus on agricultural productivity.
Political Will and Technical Capacity Building. For civil society, the press, government technocrats, and other groups to effectively influence policy, they need fact-based positions and up-to-date information from credible entities. It is therefore important, and an explicit objective of FSRP, to put fact-based information in front of the body politic. Political will shifts when confronted by an aware and informed electorate.
On-going Research Areas
New Potential Research Areas
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.
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USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components:
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives:
The USAID/Zambia Mission has committed to implementing the operational research, managing for results, evaluation and local capacity-building model in its CDCS, and this will apply as well to FTF.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of
Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","","","","","","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11545","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","ZMB","Zambia"," Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Central Province, Zambia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 3: ECONOMIC RESILIENCE
FTF investments in agricultural value chains will increase agricultural productivity and incomes. FTF investments in health and nutrition infrastructure will improve access to health and nutrition services and information at the district and community level. However, not all households will be able to benefit in the medium term from these investments. In addition, intra-household resource management, even in better-off agricultural households, can be a barrier to the translation of systemic investments in the agricultural and health infrastructure into improvements in benefits for women and children. The Zambia FTF strategy proposes a set of investments to address these two challenges. The investments will target households that are more vulnerable to food insecurity due to composition, illness, or other factors.
Economic Resilience Programming
FTF investments will focus on an integrated approach to building assets and risk reduction, and call for innovative models to link vulnerable households to value chain interventions and investments in community, district and provincial health systems. These programs will engage new partners and will be structured to ensure both small businesses and local partners have the capacity to participate. The program will enhance coping skills, build assets and increase rural incomes for vulnerable households in targeted areas, thereby significantly contributing to Millennium Development Goal 1 of halving the proportion of Zambians living in extreme poverty and suffering from hunger by 2015.
The vulnerable and very poor have some minimum set of assets but have been unable to move towards longer-term economic well-being and health. Frequently donor and government assistance to these households has been in the form of humanitarian relief, economic transfers or subsidies (e.g., of staple foods). USAID/Zambia seeks to support innovative ideas, concepts and programs to increase the economic resilience of the very vulnerable Zambian rural population in targeted areas.
Investments under this core investment area aim to increase the food security of vulnerable and very poor rural households in targeted areas through interventions that reduce the number of hunger months, improve nutrition and health practices, and increase the value of household assets and the ability of households to productively use those assets. These achievements are expected to contribute significantly to reducing stunting and underweight levels in the targeted households over a five-year period.
Activities will target vulnerable groups in rural areas with a minimum set of assets (land and/or labor) and fall below the poverty line of $1.25/day. These attributes characterize a majority of smallholder agricultural producers in Eastern province. To identify more vulnerable households it will be necessary to include households according to additional characteristics such as: female-headed - widowed or divorced; household with person living with AIDS (PLWA) or other chronic and debilitating diseases; household caring for or headed by orphan or vulnerable child (OVC); or disabled household head or member.
Potential Activities
Investments will build upon USAID-funded activities that work in agricultural growth, nutrition and economic resilience efforts, such as the Title II program, the Consortium for Food Security, Agriculture and Nutrition, AIDS, Resiliency and Markets (C-FAARM), closing out in 2011. The programs will implement innovative strategies and approaches to enable vulnerable rural households, including those affected by HIV/AIDS and other diseases, orphan and vulnerable child-headed households, and female-headed households, by improving food security through strengthened economic resilience. Special attention will be given to enabling very poor women to participate in expanding opportunities as producers, service providers and entrepreneurs.
Programs will take an integrated approach to improved food security – addressing availability, access and utilization components, as well as linkages to nutrition and health, and gender relations. Programs as diverse as micro-savings and lending, conditional cash transfers, ―farming as a family business‖ have all shown some potential to reduce vulnerability of poor households under specific conditions. Proposals will be expected to demonstrate scalability.
Recent evidence of preventive approaches to undernutrition in other countries provides direction for successful components of nutrition interventions. The promotion of Essential Nutrition Actions will be a fundamental component of all interventions. Other approaches will be considered. For example, a positive deviance model demonstrated that three-quarters of children under age five treated for undernutrition made significant weight gains when their diets included legumes and other high protein supplements, combined with improved health and sanitary practices, and access to clean water.18 Some microfinance schemes follow a positive deviance model in which seed capital is not injected into communities, but revolving loan funds are created based on the capital available within communities, and members increase their ability to borrow based on the amount of shares they are able (and willing) to invest in the loan fund. Savings-led financial services have been demonstrated to serve an important role in consumption smoothing. Small livestock may actually serve as savings accounts, easily converted into cash when needed. Approaches that target all farm household members, both men and women, have been shown to be effective in improving the use of resources and changing household food security. A recent gender assessment of the SIDA-funded agricultural support program reported that better internal management of household resources was a significant factor contributing to greater household food security for project participants, as measured by months of household food security19. Given strong evidence of the significance of women’s income to child nutrition, approaches that build better household management of resources and strengthen women’s effective control may have a high payoff.
Lessons learned from GCC/SL pilots on community and household use of forest resources will be incorporated into the FTF economic resilience activities. Many vulnerable households are dependent on communal resources for sources of wild foods and medicinal crops that supplement nutritional and income needs. Household use of agriculture and non-agricultural land, such as forests, for additional income will be examined to determine strategies that build resilience and improve land use, without increasing the pressure on non-agricultural lands.
","
It is envisaged that these activities will result in tangible benefits to households such as increased food availability, better management, and improved intra-household food allocation, with improved child food intake and greater diet diversity for vulnerable members. Some expected achievements leading to household level benefits include increased access of poor and very poor farming households to commercial sources of inputs and non-financial supporting services, including extension and agronomic services; increased productivity by poor and very poor farming households; application by very poor farming households of improved crop production and post-harvest practices; and increased access of poor and very poor farming households to financial services.
","
USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components:
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives:
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of:
Data collected through monitoring will be used for periodic reports to stakeholders.
Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty","","","Increased productivity and income from selected value chains (gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product) (disaggregated by sex); Increased expenditures (proxy for income) of rural households, including female-headed households; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger (disaggregated by sex of household head); Per cent of children 6-23 months that receive a Minimum Acceptable Diet (disaggregated by sex); Number of vulnerable households benefiting from program activities through increased economic resilience (disaggregated by sex of household head); Women’s Dietary Diversity: Mean number of food groups consumed by women of reproductive age; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Number of people with a savings account or insurance policy as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex).","Increased productivity and income from selected value chains (gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product) (disaggregated by sex); Increased expenditures (proxy for income) of rural households, including female-headed households; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger (disaggregated by sex of household head); Per cent of children 6-23 months that receive a Minimum Acceptable Diet (disaggregated by sex); Number of vulnerable households benefiting from program activities through increased economic resilience (disaggregated by sex of household head); Women’s Dietary Diversity: Mean number of food groups consumed by women of reproductive age; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Number of people with a savings account or insurance policy as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex).","Vulnerable groups","","Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>>Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/exclusive_breastfeeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11545","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","ZMB","Zambia"," Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Central Province, Zambia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
FTF Zambia is investing in capacity-building and training of health workers to improve nutrition services and nutrition education. The nutrition program will include a national mass media campaign around the Essential Nutrition Actions that will be linked to community-level behavioral and social change communications. Additionally, the program will build strong linkages to rural health services and nutrition interventions. The nutrition program is largely managed by USAID/Zambia’s Health and HIV Offices, but activities by the USAID Economic Growth Team and Centers for Disease Control will also contribute.
The Government of Zambia has recently refocused on the poor national nutrition levels by developing a National Nutrition Strategy and holding a National Nutrition Consultative Forum to discuss the strategy. Zambia has also been selected as an Early Riser under the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Initiative promoted by the U.S. and a wide range of other donors. The USG participates in a recently formed Nutrition Donor Convener Group, chaired by DFID and UNICEF, under the Health Sector Working Group. The USG can play an important role in raising concern over nutrition levels within the country, coordinating USG and other donor investments, and supporting government efforts to intensify efforts to address undernutrition.
Nutrition Programming
FTF Agriculture and Food-based Nutrition Programming. FTF agriculture investments will contribute to improved nutritional outcomes through several approaches. Improved incomes for poor households as a result of improved agricultural practices and better market access can translate into improved household food availability, although this is usually not sufficient for changes in child nutritional status. FTF agricultural investments will also improve the quantity and quality of staple foods in Eastern province, resulting in reduced prices for poor households, most of which purchase food for several months of the year. In addition, FTF food-based strategies will result in more nutritious foods through strategies such as bio-fortification and breeding, particularly through increasing dissemination and production of beta-carotene-rich ―orange‖ maize and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes. Household-based approaches through the Economic Resilience programs, described in greater detail in Section 4.3 above, will focus on more equitable food distribution/income control and on communicating behavioral change messages on essential nutrition actions at the household level. These programs will also ensure that all nutrition-related activities are consistent with and support other nutrition programming, for example in nutrition training of agricultural workers and extension staff, or capacity-building of community workers other than community-based health workers. Other potential food based strategies include school feeding linkages with organizations such as the World Food Program, with the introduction of nutritious products such as soy-based products or orange-fleshed sweet potatoes.
FTF Nutrition-related Programming through the Health Sector. USG investments in the health sector are extensive and broad and make a major contribution to the status of Zambians’ health. Many of these programs have components that directly address nutrition through improving health outcomes, reducing incidence of diseases such as malaria, vaccine preventable diseases, intestinal worm infestation, etc., providing food to PLWA, and supporting orphans and vulnerable children, among others.
The USAID Health Office invests in four programs supporting systemic change in health services. These programs include support for:
The logistics program focuses on improvements in commodities and supply chains for a wide array of critical inputs such as antiretroviral drugs, family planning inputs, and bed nets. Social marketing is conducted for all important areas, including family planning, HIV prevention and inputs, and malaria. Broad spectrum media campaigns are conducted under the integrated behavior change communication investments. These campaigns are conducted at national, provincial and community levels to elicit change in a wide range of health-related behaviors.
The following national-level interventions will be considered:
Recommendations for rural areas include the following:
In addition to interventions that strengthen the health system and refocus efforts on nutrition behavior change, the FTF strategy proposes to link health, nutrition, economic resilience, and economic growth activities at the household-level, to the extent this is feasible and cost-effective. Two approaches will be adopted:
FTF Nutrition-related Investments through HIV/AIDS Programming. Another significant contributor to child malnutrition is the high rate of pediatric HIV/AIDS. Based on a 2010 technical update on WHO guidelines, for infants and young children known to be HIV-infected, mothers are strongly encouraged to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months and to continue breastfeeding, with adequate supplementary feeding, up to 2 years and beyond. Therefore all infants 6 months of age and older need additional, developmentally and nutritionally appropriate food sources, as breast milk is no longer sufficient. Hence, nutrition-related HIV/AIDS interventions are also under development by the USG in Zambia, and these investments will have an impact on the reduction of undernutrition in children below age 2.
High prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency in rural Zambia. Vitamin A deficiency is a long-standing public health problem in Zambia due to inadequate dietary intake. The Ministry of Health distributes vitamin A supplements during the twice-yearly child health weeks and sugar is fortified with Vitamin A. Nonetheless, according to the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey vitamin A deficiency (VAD) continues to affect 54 percent of Zambian children under 5 and women of reproductive age. These high levels of VAD may be attributed to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infections in the Zambian population. Increasing the intake of Vitamin A through a wider range of sources, combined with health interventions, including those to prevent and treat infectious disease, will decrease defiency in many vulnerable groups. Biofortified crops have a high potential to increase Vitamin A content in diets, particularly of rural households that produce their own food and have limited consumption of fortified products.
Potential agriculture activities include:
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USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components: 1) project-level reporting; 2) performance management/monitoring and evaluation; and, 3) external impact assessment to capture the aggregate impact of all investments and the relative contribution of different interventions to the extent feasible.
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives:
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of:
Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent s","","","Number of people trained in child health and nutrition through USG-supported programs; Anemia among women of reproductive age (%); Number of health facilities with established capacity to manage acute undernutrition; Prevalence of anemia among children 6-59 months; Number of children under five years of age who received Vitamin A from USG-supported programs; Number of children under five reached by USG-supported nutrition programs.","Number of people trained in child health and nutrition through USG-supported programs; Anemia among women of reproductive age (%); Number of health facilities with established capacity to manage acute undernutrition; Prevalence of anemia among children 6-59 months; Number of children under five years of age who received Vitamin A from USG-supported programs; Number of children under five reached by USG-supported nutrition programs.","Vulnerable groups","","Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>>Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/exclusive_breastfeeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","The USG will make investments in nutrition across three critical sectors; agriculture, health, and social protection, with nutrition as the lynchpin between these sectors. As such, the USG will implement a comprehensive approach that maximizes all three sectors and strengthens and links the nutrition components of each. These investments will be underpinned by a core set of nutrition indicators that are common across all programs, and will be supported by policy investments that mirror the comprehensive nature of nutrition programming by working with the Office of the President’s Cabinet (OPC) and the Ministries of Agriculture and Food Security, Health, and Gender.
Building on lessons and experiences from current programs implementing preventive nutrition activities (e.g., the WALA and BASICS projects), USG resources will scale up prevention of undernutrition and resiliency of communities, while maintaining critical investments in treatment and nutrition service delivery. The rationale for this shift is due to the overall high prevalence of chronic undernutrition (47 percent) and the low prevalence of acute undernutrition (4 percent), the latter of which has been achieved by sustained commitment to scaling up CMAM. As a result, the USG will aim to drive a decrease in stunting as the highest level objective in FTF. The USG plans to focus on cost-effective preventive nutrition interventions targeting the 1,000 days window of development (pregnancy through two years), including maternal nutrition; early and exclusive breastfeeding through six months; use of appropriate, diverse foods beginning at six months of age; targeted micronutrient supplementation; and improved hygiene and sanitation. Activities will be integrated into health, HIV, and agriculture platforms, taking full advantage of the resources that these programs have. These investments leverage funding from health (Global Health and Child Survival), agriculture (Development Assistance), and Title II to advance nutrition objectives. The Care Group model encompasses a combined FTF and GHI approach to reduce poverty, hunger, and undernutrition by joining two complementary lines of investment at an operational level:
The objectives of the Care Groups complement value chain development activities by building capacity of:
Community-Level Organizations and Integration with Government of Malawi Systems for Health and Agricultural Extension
The Care Group in the context of this model is notable in that it supports a sustainable and simultaneous approach to agriculture, nutrition, and microfinance. Cross-fertilization of nutrition and agricultural messaging and skill building, as well as the opportunity to create cross-sector targets and results frameworks allows for a uniquely comprehensive approach.
Volunteers are trained and facilitated to conduct community outreach and follow-up in both agricultural- and health-focused nutrition interventions, thus supporting an operational link between nutrition and agriculture programming. Each volunteer takes on responsibility for conducting outreach and follow-up to some 10-12 nearby households. Care Group volunteers also have access to agricultural inputs to start and maintain community gardens, as well as engage in income-diversification through activities such as establishing voluntary savings and loan activities. Access to these inputs provides motivation and support for implementing targeted nutrition-focused interventions focused on behavior change, including:
Linking the agriculture and value chain components of the project with health and nutrition promotion at the community level is especially advantageous in that it provides opportunities to address two key crosscutting areas:
Prevention Linked with Health Service Delivery
The USG’s approach to service delivery covers community level action, improvement of quality at all levels of facilities, and strengthening the central and district level systems of management. This provides a common platform for multi-thematic messages and programs, ensuring that there are ―no missed opportunities‖. It also ensures a focused yet comprehensive basic package accessible to the Malawian population that stretches across the continuum of care from community to facility and from facility to community. At the community level, the Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) and health volunteers will continue to focus on interpersonal counseling, limited preventive and curative care through village clinics and drug boxes, and to create demand for services at the health facilities across family planning, maternal and neonatal health, child health, nutrition, malaria and HIV areas. At the facility level, the USG will support improved quality of care for existing interventions that target integrated and comprehensive primary health care provision and performance based incentives. At the national, zonal and district levels, USG programs will continue to strengthen the financial, management and leadership capabilities of the Ministry of Health staff. Also, programs will work closely with the technical staff to provide technical assistance and work toward meaningful policy changes. At all levels, USG resources will focus on integration of social and behavior change communication efforts through community and facility level entry points.
An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Vulnerable groups","","Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>>Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/exclusive_breastfeeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","Although the main focus will be on preventing childhood undernutrition, USAID/Malawi will continue to support CMAM, building on past investments. Since 2005, USAID has supported the integration of CMAM in existing health care services. Partners are working at both the policy and community levels to ensure this integration. As of December 2009, 24 out of 28 districts are implementing CMAM in over 240 health facilities. The USG will support one additional year of the MoH’s CMAM Advisory Service to finalize the transition of complete CMAM scale-up to the GoM. An evaluation in 2012 will help inform the USG on the areas needing further investment.
Through two GDAs with Project Peanut Butter, a local producer of ready-to use therapeutic food (RUTF), USAID/Malawi’s support has resulted in an annual production capacity of over 1,200 MT of RUTF, which, when combined with production from a second local producer of RUTF, more than meets the total requirements of RUTF for Malawi, with capacity to export to neighboring countries. The USG will take advantage of this existing capacity to explore the development and promotion of ready to use supplementary and complementary foods.
","An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Vulnerable groups","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","The USG will support GoM's efforts towards fortification of prioritized centrally processed foods, namely: sugar, oil, wheat and maize flour, and complementary baby foods. Data from the National Micronutrient Survey shows that the consumption of these foods has increased over the last ten years. USAID health funding will continue to support the universal salt iodization program in order to sustain the gains made with previous investments. Although not sufficient to forestall stunting in children under five, one necessary input is a high quality, low-cost complementary food. The legume and dairy value chains present a unique opportunity for the development of such a product. Malawi will take advantage and work with existing food processors (e.g., Rab processors, Project Peanut Butter and Valid Nutrition) to develop a suitable product.
Prevention and control of micronutrient malnutrition will require a concerted effort by all USAID/Malawi’s health programs, namely, malaria, family planning, maternal, neonatal and child health, HIV/AIDS and nutrition. Possible USG support to SUN for specific activities with deliverables in FY11 include the following:
An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Vulnerable groups","","Complementary feeding>>>Complementary feeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","USG investments in legume and dairy value chains are designed to boost competitiveness and promote diversification into higher-return value chains that will also spawn non-farm employment opportunities. While these investments in economic growth will be necessary to reduce poverty and hunger, they will be insufficient by themselves. Beyond growth, poverty reduction will require targeted interventions that address the needs of smallholder farmers (the rural poor) as well as more vulnerable populations. A significant smallholder need is to produce more from a very limited resource base. Conservation farming practices offer promise in this regard, by increasing yields, soil fertility and soil moisture content per unit area. Importantly CF offers a window of opportunity to increase yield from a fixed unit area, freeing up land for diversification of both other cereals and legumes. Improving market and input access and the affordability of business development and financial services tailored to the needs of smallholders is critical in order to ―pull‖ rural households into income-raising activities.
Integrating Nutrition with Value Chains (INVC)
INVC is designed to combine the livelihood benefits of an agricultural value chain approach with the nutrition benefits of increased dietary diversification. This centerpiece of Malawi’s FTF strategy will invest in the competitiveness of food staple value chains in which large numbers of smallholders, over 56 percent of whom are below the poverty line, participate, and link increased household production of nutritious crops to household consumption and improved nutritional status. INVC will link value chain development and increased household income to improved nutrition through diet diversification, and improvements in food storage, preparation, and consumption practices at the household level.
INVC’s value chain approach will focus on legumes (groundnuts and soy) and dairy, and is designed to facilitate change in both the individual value chains and the broader market and household-farming systems, looking for synergies across value chains such as common constraints and/or actors. A strong emphasis will be placed on improving the demand side of the value chain, by working to improve market linkages between input and output dealers through improved and more reliable services, including financial, business development, agronomic and livestock-related services. While most of INVC’s efforts will further develop and strengthen Malawi’s existing input and output markets serving the legumes and dairy value chains, the program will also include strengthening the capacity of processors and agribusinesses to meet export market demands, as well as building the capacity of smallholder suppliers to meet buyer demands. At the same time, INVC will work to mitigate the risks for rural households to diversify their income and food sources beyond maize through an option of conducting a vulnerability assessment for its target population and to access nutritional education that will help them translate a more diverse basket of food into improved nutrition. INVC will place a particular emphasis on women’s economic empowerment across all of its activities, including additional support and guidance to women owned businesses and women producers.
INVC will spur investment and innovation in the legume and dairy value chains through an Innovation and Investment Facility meant to provide INVC a tool to identify and support specific opportunities that can further strengthen the selected value chains and market systems within which they operate. An important use of the facility will be to buy down risk for a firm, farmer, or other value chain actor in order to encourage early adoption of new technologies, such as CF by smallholders, and spur sector-wide innovation. Facility partners may include private firms, GoM agencies, research institutes, NGOs or other local organizations, as well as other donors best placed to identify new solutions to key value chain and systemic43 constraints. This Innovation and Investment Facility will be a key instrument for developing the capacity of the private sector and will also have targets and incentives for the participation of women-owned enterprises or individuals.
A core principle of INVC will also be to build the capacity of the key value chain actors to address the competitiveness of their value chain through their own projects and interventions. As such, INVC will place a strong emphasis on building local capacity to contribute to and invest in agricultural transformation. While Malawi has numerous small businesses, local NGOs and private sector and civil society organizations, few, if any, have both the technical and administrative capacity to implement USAID projects without support. As such, INVC’s approach to capacity building will be to invest resources in local partners while leveraging their local knowledge and capacity to generate results. The project will have a target for graduating local partners to independent status that would allow them to receive USAID funds directly. As partners reach this independent status, they would take on current functions of INVC.
","An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Percent change in agricultural GDP (monitor national trend); Per Capita expenditures of rural households (proxy for income) of USG targeted beneficiaries; Gender index; Gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product; Value of incremental sales (collected at farm- level) attributed to FTF; Percent change in diversity of agricultural commodities produced by households; Number of newly created jobs attributed to FTF Value of new private sector investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF","Percent change in agricultural GDP (monitor national trend); Per Capita expenditures of rural households (proxy for income) of USG targeted beneficiaries; Gender index; Gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product; Value of incremental sales (collected at farm- level) attributed to FTF; Percent change in diversity of agricultural commodities produced by households; Number of newly created jobs attributed to FTF Value of new private sector investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF","Vulnerable groups","","Biofortification of staple crops>>>Biofortification of staple crops>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/biofortification","Supplies","A significant constraint to the development of competitive groundnut and soybean value chains is the inadequate production of breeder seed. Ten years ago, USAID/Malawi established a $250,000 revolving fund to support ICRISAT in contracting out groundnut breeder seed production, but the FISP addition of legume seed packs the significant gross margins of legumes has driven demand far beyond local seed production capacity. Given the importance of reliable input supplies to Malawi’s FTF strategy, USAID and Irish Aid will partner to expand local capacity for production of quality, certified legume seed. USAID will invest in expanding the existing revolving fund and link in the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture to enable the expansion of their efforts in soy breeder seed production. Irish AID will expand its assistance to small and medium sized enterprises to develop their capacity of to multiply groundnut seed – currently only one company (Seed Co.) is involved in soybean seed production using privately developed germplasm.","Infrastructure","Malawi also lacks an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certified laboratory for testing and certifying groundnuts and soybeans, which limits access by exporters to broader export markets. Currently, companies that export groundnuts send samples to South Africa for testing, which is costly and limits export capacity. With Irish Aid support, ICRISAT and NASFAM are developing a low cost, rapid testing technology; however, achieving ISO certification will be costly. The EU and UNDP will also begin work next year on a project designed to support the processing and exports side of legume value chains, a major component of which will focus on bringing the Malawi Bureau of Standards up to ISO certification. USG resources will support GoM efforts to establish a national sanitary/phyto-sanitary (SPS) strategy and achieve COMESA SPS compliance, as well as to build the capacity of Bunda College and the MoAFS research stations to conduction aflatoxin mitigation research.","Financial resources","Access to finance remains a major constraint to smallholders investing in productivity enhancing technologies due to weak financial sector infrastructure, inadequate financial services options, and GoM regulatory capacity. USAID will jointly develop a Financial Sector Technical Assistance Project with the World Bank and DfID.","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","In view of the capacity challenges that exist, USAID will strengthen the capacity of the GoM to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate nutrition programs. With substantial funding increases anticipated through the FTF, USAID/Malawi will ensure that GoM institutions have adequate capacity to implement the various programs that will be designed under the initiative. This activity is in line with Strategic Objective Three of the NNPSP, which clearly outlines the capacity gaps and needs for the nutrition sector in Malawi. The USG will strengthen capacity of its partners, both government and non- governmental, as well as the private sector. USG support will be at three levels: community, institutional and tertiary. Irish Aid, the World Bank, CIDA, and the EU are all key donors in capacity building.
Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (SAKSS)
Since 2008, USAID/Malawi has supported a SAKSS unit implemented through the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) at the MoAFS. The objectives of this activity are threefold: 1) generate demand-driven diagnostic and strategic research to fill key knowledge gaps, 2) establish an information and knowledge support system, in cooperation with the Southern Africa Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System that has been set up to help promote peer and progress review of the CAADP, and 3) strengthen the capacity of national institutions, such as the MoAFS, in policy and strategy research. The Malawi Mission plans to extend the work of the SAKSS unit as part of capacity building support under FTF.
Malawi Agriculture Policy Strengthening (MAPS)
Strong civil society and private sector networks are critical to implementing the ASWAp in a way that responds to the evolving needs of its stakeholders. In recent decades, weak capacity and declining GoM interest in inclusive policy making is leading Malawi’s CAADP process towards a Government-owned rather than Country-owned process. Grounded in the CAADP principles of increasing stakeholder participation in the policy making process,44 the Malawi Agriculture Policy Strengthening (MAPS) program is designed to increase the participation of private sector and civil society stakeholders in agriculture policy dialogue.
MAPS will increase the profile, capacity and engagement of civil society and private sector stakeholders in agriculture policy development and implementation through a combination of capacity building interventions and establishing linkages between producers and consumers, including state and non-state actors, of high quality policy research. Though not exclusively, MAPS will focus on key stakeholders along the proposed FTF value chains.
MAPS capacity building activities will focus on improving organizational ability to meet its goals and objectives by strengthening administrative and financial management, organizational structure and strategic planning. The second focus of the project will strengthen policy analysis and advocacy capacity through building linkages between Malawian farmers and private sector associations and regional networks and research institutions, such as local and regional universities among civil society groups. MAPS will similarly link GoM counterparts to those research institutions to improve their ability to become informed consumers of stakeholder policy advocacy. These two components will account for the varying levels of development and readiness of organizations and associations in Malawi to take on advocacy activities. MAPS will also focus on elevating the voices of women in policy dialogue by targeting women-led civil-society/public service organizations for organizational capacity building and providing additional women-focused leadership training and gender equity sensitization to facilitate women taking on leadership roles within larger organizations.
","An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Number of institutions/organizations undergoing capacity /competency assessments as a result of USG assistance; Number of institutions/organizations mature/viable in the competency areas strengthened as a result of USG assistance Frequency of GoM consultation with civil society/private sector on relevant policies; Comparison of programmatic objectives Pre and post FtF funding distribution; Number of new funding mechanisms","Number of institutions/organizations undergoing capacity /competency assessments as a result of USG assistance; Number of institutions/organizations mature/viable in the competency areas strengthened as a result of USG assistance Frequency of GoM consultation with civil society/private sector on relevant policies; Comparison of programmatic objectives Pre and post FtF funding distribution; Number of new funding mechanisms","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The first set of core investments in USG/Mozambique‘s FTF strategy provides smallholders with links to input and output markets in selected value chains. The focus of this set of investments will be on oilseeds (sesame, groundnuts, and soybeans), cashews, and fruit (e.g., pineapple, mango and bananas). The main objective is inclusive agriculture sector growth, which FTF/Mozambique will achieve through increased and sustained agricultural productivity, expanded markets and trade, and increased private sector investment in agriculture and nutrition-related activities. Investment in these value chains will improve income opportunities for smallholders, increase access to nutritious foods, and facilitate competitiveness of small scale farmers in these value chains.
Oilseeds
This program will facilitate the development of long-term linkages between smallholders that produce groundnuts, sesame, and/or soybeans and input and output markets. This will include efforts to bring better farming practices and inputs to the farm level, as well as linking production to markets through aggregation and farmer organizations. Specific activities include:
Technical assistance and grants to farmer associations/ cooperatives and agro-service centers, to enable them to provide
Support to build mentoring business relationships between commercial and emerging farmers, which are farmers that overcame size and productivity constraints and farm sizes between10 and 50 hectares. These commercial farmers provide some or all of the following to the emerging farmers:
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty.","Zambesia and Nampula Provinces","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The first set of core investments in USG/Mozambique‘s FTF strategy provides smallholders with links to input and output markets in selected value chains. The focus of this set of investments will be on oilseeds (sesame, groundnuts, and soybeans), cashews, and fruit (e.g., pineapple, mango and bananas). The main objective is inclusive agriculture sector growth, which FTF/Mozambique will achieve through increased and sustained agricultural productivity, expanded markets and trade, and increased private sector investment in agriculture and nutrition-related activities. Investment in these value chains will improve income opportunities for smallholders, increase access to nutritious foods, and facilitate competitiveness of small scale farmers in these value chains.
Cashews
This investment builds on USAID/Mozambique‘s history of successful cashew sector development. This experience includes USAID Title II support to nurseries in seedling production and distribution and DA support to the local cashew processing industry – the latter resulting in one of the most vibrant cashew processing sectors in Africa. Building on this track record, FTF will now invest in a major supply-side constraint: renewing the existing stock of cashew plants. Mozambique has the oldest population of cashew trees in Africa (some trees are more than 80 years old) and overall productivity is decreasing rapidly. Thus, our FTF investment in cashews focuses on the expansion of cashew nurseries to supply new cashew seedlings and to extend pruning and crafting practices for existing trees.
Specific activities include:
Technical assistance and grants to existing nurseries or other investors (e.g., cashew processors, entrepreneurs) to incentivize establishing nurseries and supply seedlings and extension (nurseries to offer a package of seedlings, and training in seedling maintenance, crafting, and pruning; farmers to pay for this service).
Technical assistance and support to farmer and community organizations for them to support smallholders in grafting, pruning, and seedling care monitoring, and pass on processor-financed incentive payments for tree care.
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty.",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The first set of core investments in USG/Mozambique‘s FTF strategy provides smallholders with links to input and output markets in selected value chains. The focus of this set of investments will be on oilseeds (sesame, groundnuts, and soybeans), cashews, and fruit (e.g., pineapple, mango and bananas). The main objective is inclusive agriculture sector growth, which FTF/Mozambique will achieve through increased and sustained agricultural productivity, expanded markets and trade, and increased private sector investment in agriculture and nutrition-related activities. Investment in these value chains will improve income opportunities for smallholders, increase access to nutritious foods, and facilitate competitiveness of small scale farmers in these value chains.
Fruit
Fruit is farmed by more than a million households in the focus regions, but currently provides very limited income opportunities. FTF will primarily focus on improving the income potential of domestic fruit, by supporting the development of a domestic processing sector. The underlying hypothesis is that upon successful development of the domestic fruit sector, smallholders can play an increasing role in a viable export market (e.g. through outgrower schemes). Nutrition activities will be co-located to ensure improved consumption of fruits on a household level.
Specific activities include:
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty.",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The second set of core investments will focus on scaling up the delivery of key nutrition interventions in the focus regions, acting on both the demand and supply side. On the demand side, FTF will invest in documenting and reinforcing improved nutrition behaviors through district and community based nutrition activities including growth monitoring and promotion (building on USAID Title II support in Zambezia and Nampula) and the promotion of optimal nutrition-related behaviors (building on PEPFAR infrastructure in Sofala and Manica). On the supply side, FTF will encourage the availability of nutritious foods through a Nutrition Challenge Fund.
Community-Based Nutrition Activities
FTF/Mozambique will address Mozambique‘s high undernutrition rates through a comprehensive, standard program of activities at the community level that includes growth monitoring, promotion of optimal infant and young child feeding practices, and dietary diversity and quality for pregnant and lactating women. Specific activities include:
","
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","Complementary feeding>>>Complementary feeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2012","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The second set of core investments will focus on scaling up the delivery of key nutrition interventions in the focus regions, acting on both the demand and supply side. On the demand side, FTF will invest in documenting and reinforcing improved nutrition behaviors through district and community based nutrition activities including growth monitoring and promotion (building on USAID Title II support in Zambezia and Nampula) and the promotion of optimal nutrition-related behaviors (building on PEPFAR infrastructure in Sofala and Manica). On the supply side, FTF will encourage the availability of nutritious foods through a Nutrition Challenge Fund.
Nutrition Challenge Fund
FTF Mozambique will also stimulate the supply of nutritious, diverse, and quality foods. FTF/Mozambique will do this through a Nutrition Challenge Fund: a competitive grant scheme that encourages innovations in agro-processing (e.g. fortification, food processing) that reach a large share of the vulnerable population to improve nutrition. The competitive grant will be available to the private sector or community organizations, who will be selected based primarily on impact, innovation, and sustainability of the business model. Other potential criteria for selection include financial leverage, number of suppliers and consumers reached, and synergies with USG programs. FTF/Mozambique plans to leverage at least as much funding as will be contributed, although the aspiration is to leverage double our funding. The grants will provide up-front financing and technical assistance to ensure a successful venture.
","Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality..",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
USG/Mozambique will support FTF objectives and program activities through cross-cutting investments in policy analysis and advocacy, as well as research and technology transfer.
Policy
Policy analysis and advocacy is targeted to support an accelerated CAADP process, business and trade policy reform (particularly in the fruit sector), an integrated policy agenda for agriculture and nutrition, and policy supporting growth monitoring and nutrition. Specific initiatives include:
","
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
USG/Mozambique will support FTF objectives and program activities through cross-cutting investments in policy analysis and advocacy, as well as research and technology transfer.
Research and Technology Transfer
USG/Mozambique will leverage its comparative advantage in research and technology transfer, focusing support on the introduction and dissemination of new technologies. FTF/Mozambique will achieve this through support to the Mozambique Platform for Agricultural Research and Technology Innovation, which engages International Agricultural Research Centers (IARCs) and Brazil‘s national agricultural research enterprise (EMBRAPA). Main initiatives include:
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
Supporting women in agriculture and household nutrition is essential to the success of this strategy. Agriculture employs 90 percent of Mozambique‘s female labor force, and a quarter of all farming households are women-headed. Women are also the leaders on nutrition in the household. USG/Mozambique‘s FTF strategy supports women by:
Training women as trainers of other women in nutrition benefits and improved household processing of soybeans, orange fleshed sweet potato and cowpeas.
",".
","Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Sex","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "22995","TCH Together for Child Health","English","Community/sub-national","","KHM","Cambodia","Battambang","Urban|Rural","on-going","10-2012","09-2015","The TCH project will use a health system strengthening model utilizing policies, guidelines and training materials to build capacity of health managers, health facility staff, Village Health Support Groups and community members to deliver a package of evidence based maternal, child health and nutrition interventions. TCH is an extension to the 'Optimizing Growth and Development Potential of Young Children"" that was implemented in the same operational district. It will build on the lessons learned from OGDPYC as well as Jumpstart, IICSA and Spien Sokhapeap
Goal: Mothers and children under two years in the project area are healthy, well nourished and have increased access to MCH services, contributing to a decrease in maternal and child morbidity and mortality
","","","National Nutrition Strategy","","","","","World Vision International","World Vision Cambodia","","","","","","","","","","","","","","International NGOs","World Vision International","WV Australia","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","22994","","Management of moderate malnutrition","","","","Infants and young children|Pregnant women (PW)|Women of reproductive age (WRA)","0-59 months","Battambang, 23 Health centers, 239 villages","Community-based|Primary health care center","","1 Project Manager
5 Project Coordinators
","
","
LQAS for monitoring
Baseline and final evaluation
","354,403","17%","","Stunting under fives 20.8% Underweight under fives 19.3% Wasting under fives 10.4%","N/A","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11445","Iodin deficiency disorders control programme","English","National","","GHA","Ghana","Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana|Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana|Takoradi, Western, Ghana|Sunyani, Brong Ahafo, Ghana|Cape Coast, Central, Ghana|Wa, Ghana|Tamale, Ghana|Bolgatanga, Ghana|Koforidua, Eastern, Ghana|Ho, Volta, Ghana","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-1996","","The programme focuses on the promotion of iodised salt consumption to elimate IDDs which are highly prevalent in Ghana. This done through sensitization of the public, training of salt producers and law enforcement agencies.
","Total goitre rates, household iodised salt consumption, market coverage of iodised salt, urinary and salt iodine concentrations
","Vulnerable groups","","Iodization of salt>>>Iodization of salt>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/salt_iodization","Financial resources","Awareness creation of policy makers on the need to make funds available for IDD programms","Stakeholder","Ineffective collaboration is also dealt with by creating awareness of the importance of the programme to get them to include IDD in their work plan","Supplies","Removal of tax exemption on the import of potassium iodate to reduce the cost salt iodisation in the factories and cottage salt producers","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","The Tanzania Iringa Joint Nutrition Support Programme (JNSP) ran from 1984–1991. Children less than 5 years of age and women were targeted, and selection was not based on socioeconomic status.
WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of LHW is retrieved from the ENA Part II where LHW is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
The programme also included referral of children under 5 years of age.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of JNSP is retrieved from the ENA Part II where JNSP is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Resource intensity of the JNSP ranged from US$ 8–US$ 17/child per year (US$ 30/child per year total cost, equivalent to US$ 6 million). Intensity as measured by personnel was 2 village health workers/village (1220 total) or 1:40 children.","UN","World Health Organization (WHO)","Underweight
","The JNSP had components such as systems development and support, health services and water facilities, but these were not in place when the initial improvements in nutritional outcomes were seen. The reduction in malnutrition was attributed to increased feeding frequency, especially of severely underweight children at established child feeding posts, improved health care in families and communities and provision of information.
","","The JNSP operated in 6/7 districts covering about 250 000 persons, 46 000 of whom were children (73% participation). ","","","Population sustained rate of underweight reduction: 0,8 ppt/year
","None","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23419","The Tanzania Iringa Joint Nutrition Support Programme (JNSP)","English","Large scale programmes","","TZA","United Republic of Tanzania","tanzania","","completed","","01-1970","The Tanzania Iringa Joint Nutrition Support Programme (JNSP) ran from 1984–1991. Children less than 5 years of age and women were targeted, and selection was not based on socioeconomic status.
WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of LHW is retrieved from the ENA Part II where LHW is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
The programme also included referral of children under 5 years of age.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of JNSP is retrieved from the ENA Part II where JNSP is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Resource intensity of the JNSP ranged from US$ 8–US$ 17/child per year (US$ 30/child per year total cost, equivalent to US$ 6 million). Intensity as measured by personnel was 2 village health workers/village (1220 total) or 1:40 children.","UN","World Health Organization (WHO)","Internal provision supplementary feeding
","Underweight
","The JNSP had components such as systems development and support, health services and water facilities, but these were not in place when the initial improvements in nutritional outcomes were seen. The reduction in malnutrition was attributed to increased feeding frequency, especially of severely underweight children at established child feeding posts, improved health care in families and communities and provision of information.
","","The JNSP operated in 6/7 districts covering about 250 000 persons, 46 000 of whom were children (73% participation). ","","","Population sustained rate of underweight reduction: 0,8 ppt/year
","None","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23419","The Tanzania Iringa Joint Nutrition Support Programme (JNSP)","English","Large scale programmes","","TZA","United Republic of Tanzania","tanzania","","completed","","01-1970","The Tanzania Iringa Joint Nutrition Support Programme (JNSP) ran from 1984–1991. Children less than 5 years of age and women were targeted, and selection was not based on socioeconomic status.
WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of LHW is retrieved from the ENA Part II where LHW is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
The programme also included referral of children under 5 years of age.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of JNSP is retrieved from the ENA Part II where JNSP is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Resource intensity of the JNSP ranged from US$ 8–US$ 17/child per year (US$ 30/child per year total cost, equivalent to US$ 6 million). Intensity as measured by personnel was 2 village health workers/village (1220 total) or 1:40 children.","UN","World Health Organization (WHO)","Underweight
","The JNSP had components such as systems development and support, health services and water facilities, but these were not in place when the initial improvements in nutritional outcomes were seen. The reduction in malnutrition was attributed to increased feeding frequency, especially of severely underweight children at established child feeding posts, improved health care in families and communities and provision of information.
","","The JNSP operated in 6/7 districts covering about 250 000 persons, 46 000 of whom were children (73% participation). ","","","Population sustained rate of underweight reduction: 0,8 ppt/year
","None","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English"