"programme_id","programme_title","programme_language","programme_type","other_program","iso3code","country_name","program_location","area","status","start_date","end_date","brief_description","references","related_policy","new_policy","partner_gov","partner_government_details","partner_un","partner_un_details","partner_ngo","partner_ngo_details","partner_donors","partner_donors_details","partner_intergov","partner_intgov_details","partner_national_ngo","partner_nat_ngo_details","partner_research","partner_research_details","partner_private","partner_private_details","partner_other","partner_other_details","cost","fsector_0","fpartner_0","fdetails_0","fsector_1","fpartner_1","fdetails_1","fsector_2","fpartner_2","fdetails_2","fsector_3","fpartner_3","fdetails_3","fsector_4","fpartner_4","fdetails_4","fsector_5","fpartner_5","fdetails_5","fsector_6","fpartner_6","fdetails_6","fsector_7","fpartner_7","fdetails_7","fsector_8","fpartner_8","fdetails_8","fsector_9","fpartner_9","fdetails_9","fsector_10","fpartner_10","fdetails_10","fsector_11","fpartner_11","fdetails_11","fsector_12","fpartner_12","fdetails_12","fsector_13","fpartner_13","fdetails_13","fsector_14","fpartner_14","fdetails_14","fsector_15","fpartner_15","fdetails_15","fsector_16","fpartner_16","fdetails_16","fsector_17","fpartner_17","fdetails_17","fsector_18","fpartner_18","fdetails_18","fsector_19","fpartner_19","fdetails_19","fsector_20","fpartner_20","fdetails_20","fsector_21","fpartner_21","fdetails_21","fsector_22","fpartner_22","fdetails_22","fsector_23","fpartner_23","fdetails_23","fsector_24","fpartner_24","fdetails_24","fsector_25","fpartner_25","fdetails_25","fsector_26","fpartner_26","fdetails_26","fsector_27","fpartner_27","fdetails_27","fsector_28","fpartner_28","fdetails_28","fsector_29","fpartner_29","fdetails_29","fsector_30","fpartner_30","fdetails_30","fsector_31","fpartner_31","fdetails_31","fsector_32","fpartner_32","fdetails_32","fsector_33","fpartner_33","fdetails_33","fsector_34","fpartner_34","fdetails_34","fsector_35","fpartner_35","fdetails_35","fsector_36","fpartner_36","fdetails_36","fsector_37","fpartner_37","fdetails_37","fsector_38","fpartner_38","fdetails_38","fsector_39","fpartner_39","fdetails_39","fsector_40","fpartner_40","fdetails_40","fsector_41","fpartner_41","fdetails_41","fsector_42","fpartner_42","fdetails_42","fsector_43","fpartner_43","fdetails_43","fsector_44","fpartner_44","fdetails_44","fsector_45","fpartner_45","fdetails_45","fsector_46","fpartner_46","fdetails_46","fsector_47","fpartner_47","fdetails_47","fsector_48","fpartner_48","fdetails_48","fsector_49","fpartner_49","fdetails_49","action_id","theme","topic","new_topic","micronutrient","micronutrient_compound","target_group","age_group","place","delivery","other_delivery","dose_frequency","impact_indicators","me_system","target_pop","coverage_percent","coverage_type","baseline","post_intervention","social_det","social_other","elena_link","problem_0","solution_0","problem_1","solution_1","problem_2","solution_2","problem_3","solution_3","problem_4","solution_4","problem_5","solution_5","problem_6","solution_6","problem_7","solution_7","problem_8","solution_8","problem_9","solution_9","other_problems","other_lessons","personal_story","language" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","
From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Nutritional care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010The FMOH has developed a four-pronged national strategy for PMTCT: primary prevention of HIV infection; prevention of unintended pregnancies among HIV-positive women; prevention of HIV transmission from infected women to their infants; and treatment, care, and support of HIVpositive women and their infants and families. All health centers have a system of identifying infants born to HIV-positive mothers as part of their PMTCT program. 11The following is a brief description of the flow of PMTCT services, commencing from a woman’s first visit for ANC:All women coming for ANC are routinely informed—individually or in a group—about the benefits of HIV testing for mothers and babies. During this process—known as providerinitiated HIV counseling and testing—mothers reserve the right to say “NO.” Those who say “YES” will be tested.Women with positive results are referred to MSG mentors, and ANC follow-up continues. Their partners will also be tested.MSG mentors counsel an HIV-positive woman and transfer her to the ART nurse for antiretroviral drugs.The ART nurse takes a CD4 count. If not eligible for treatment based on her count, the woman will commence treatment and ANC follow-up continues. If she is eligible for treatment based on her count, she will be put on complete antiretroviral prophylaxis that starts at 27 weeks of gestation.Follow-up continues and the mother is advised to deliver at a health facility.At delivery, the infant will be started on prophylaxis as an HIV-exposed infant.A dried blood sample will be taken from the infant for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing after 45 days.Follow-up continues until cessation of breastfeeding, with re-screening done six weeks later.
","CD4 countsPCR test for HIV status of iinfant
","","x","Highly HIV prevalent regions","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Infant feeding for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV>>>Infant feeding for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/hiv_infant_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Aberash, a 33-year-old woman, was in the 36th week of her pregnancy at the time of this assessment. She was not married and had tested HIV positive. Since the time she had learned her HIV status, Aberash had been visiting the health center in Shashemene at least once every week—and sometimes more often. Her primary concern was transmitting HIV to her unborn baby. Sr Terunesh*, the nurse responsible for ANC services at the health center, had been counseling Aberash on a number of issues related to her well-being and that of the baby. These discussions usually included nutrition-related issues, specifically breastfeeding and its potential hazards. In addition to these counseling sessions, Sr Terunesh had connected Aberash with the MSG for continued support, counseling, and encouragement, both from the mentors and from other mothers in the group.* Not her real name.
","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Behaviour change communication and/or counselling for improved complementary feeding was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010Trials for Improved Practices (TIPs) is a relatively new and innovative methodology for Ethiopia, especially its use in shaping critical strategies to improve IYCF behaviors. The standard approach to TIPs implementation involves three household visits. The purpose of the first visit is to learn about current household feeding practices. The second visit is a ―counseling visit,‖ which includes the negotiating of a new practice with the mother or caregiver for her to try. The third visit is a follow-up visit to check on the mother’s experience in implementing the recommended/negotiated new practice. This ―negotiation TIPs‖ is mainly used in maternal and infant feeding, and identifies the best choices among a number of different actions that could yield IYCF nutrition benefits.
","Urban garden household participationFoods most frequently consumedHouseholds consuming at least four different food groups on a daily basis
","","x","Two similar, poor, urban populations from two districts (Adama and Debra Zeit)","","","","Socio-economic status","","Complementary feeding>>>Complementary feeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","The results point to some specific areas that appear to be the most promising for improving complementary child feeding practices across the different age groups from 6 to 24 months:Improving the porridge/special food given to the child by adding different foods to enhance the quality and increase the energy density;Adding different mixtures to the porridge or giving different food combinations such as egg and potato;Adding fruits to the child’s diet, bearing in mind economic constraints that limit availability of fruit on a daily basis;Trying to introduce vegetables earlier, starting after six months and continuing (when mothers tried adding vegetables they found that their fears of ―doing harm‖ to the child were not justified); Increasing the amount of food provided in part by adding additional foods (fruits and vegetables); andUsing a separate bowl/plate for the child to facilitate monitoring the amount of food the child consumes.
","","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","Insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and anaemia in pregnant women>>>Insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and anaemia in pregnant women>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bednets_malaria_pregnancy","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","","","","","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Promotion of handwashing or hygiene interventions was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Maternal deworming in pregnancy was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","","","","","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Preventive treatment of malaria in women was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Promoting and implementation of delayed cord clamping was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","Cord clamping for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in infants: optimal timing>>>Cord clamping for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in infants: optimal timing>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/cord_clamping","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","","","","","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Deworming of children 0-2 years was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Management of MAM was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010. Protocol used: Emergency Nutrition Intervention Guideline, August 2004
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9119","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Ethiopia","","","","","From January 2010 to December 2011, the Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project supported the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child nutrition practices and increase HIV-free survival of children. Although Ethiopia has successfully integrated services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with antenatal care (ANC) services, many facility-based providers lack nutrition counseling skills and access to tools and materials to help them offer adequate support to mothers and children. The project worked with the Ethiopian government and partners to improve the quality of nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services in several communities in Addis, Oromia, and Amhara regions where the HIV prevalence rate is disproportionately high. This included developing behavior change communication tools and materials for health workers, health extension workers, and mothers’ support groups; updating the skills of agricultural extension workers to integrate nutrition education; and training health workers to better counsel mothers, particularly those who are HIV-positive, about optimal maternal, infant, and young child nutrition practices.
","Management of SAM was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010. Protocol used: Protocol for The Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition, FMOH, March 2009
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9144","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","Behaviour change communication and/or counselling for improved complementary feeding was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010SamplingStudy participants were drawn from 45 communities in the nine project districts. The communities were selected based on the presence of mother support groups and church-based groups. In each district, purposeful sampling was used to select the female caregivers.1 The criterion used for selecting female respondents was that they were caregivers of children 6-24 months. Fathers2 of children 6-24 months, health workers, and community group leaders were selected using convenience sampling. Data collection methodsBoth qualitative and quantitative methods were used to conduct this study. Data were collected using a structured survey, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) (see Appendix 2 for the study tools). Findings from all three sources were triangulated for the purpose of validation.Structured surveyEach study community was divided into six sub-areas, and one caregiver was selected from each sampled household within each sub-area, for a total of six participants per community.3Households in the cluster were numbered, and one was randomly selected. In a sampled household where there was more than one caregiver for the child aged 6-24 months, data collectors purposefully sampled for the interview one mother or caregiver who regularly fed the index child. In a situation where the selected caregiver had more than one child aged 6-24 months, the older one was selected as the index child. In-depth interviewsBased on the classification of health facilities in Brong Ahafo Region, we identified and selected four categories to use in the data collection exercise: district hospitals, clinics, health centers, and Community-Based Health Planning and Services compounds. In each district, five health workers were interviewed, including two health workers from the district hospital responsible for child welfare clinics (growth monitoring sessions) and one from each of the other three facility categories. Leaders of mother support groups and church-based groups at the community level whose activities could impact infant and young child feeding practices were also interviewed. In each district, five of these groups were randomly selected from a list of such groups within the district. Identification and sampling of the groups was done with the help of district-level health staff.
","From October 2010 to December 2011, the project:•Aired 855 radio spots with key messages on complementary feeding on Radio BAR, Omega FM, Success FM, Jerryson FM, Chris FM, Adarz FM, Star FM, and Royals FM. An additional 340 spots are scheduled to air in January 2012.Distributed 5,860 posters with key messages.Distributed 19,428 flyers with key messages.Trained 196 health workers and 137 community group leaders in appropriate complementary feeding practices and the use of BCC materials. Reached around 2,500 community group members with appropriate complementary feeding messages through trained group leaders.
","","45 communities in 9 selected districts in Brong- Ahafo region","45 communities in 9 selected districts in Brong- Ahafo region (","","Initiation of complementary feeding; Frequency of feeding; Feeding a variety of foods to children 6-24 months; Knowledge of three food groups; Caregivers who followed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended practice of starting complementary foods at 6 months; Caregivers who gave fortified complementary foods to their children aged 6 to 9 months two or more times per day; Caregivers who gave their children aged 6 to 9 months porridge thick enough to stay on a spoon.","","Socio-economic status","","Complementary feeding>>>Complementary feeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Engaging District Health Management Teams is integral to success. IYCN and partners engaged district heads early in the process. As a result, they demonstrated strong support for the activities and they are poised to monitor the community-level activities to ensure effective rollout, dissemination, and distribution of BCC materials.Partnerships can help to expand reach. By collaborating with the BCS Project and leveraging a national behavior change communication campaign, the project was able to expand reach of the complementary feeding messages. Although the social marketing strategy targets the Brong Ahafo region, radio spots and BCC materials will be spread across the country as part of the Healthy Eating for Good Life campaign. Local partners at the district level, such as World Vision Ghana, also carried messages into districts outside of the project’s target area.Job-aids are necessary in communicating behavior change messages. Health workers in the target districts welcomed posters and leaflets that contained key messages and were grateful for them. It certainly made work easier for them. Since the orientations, community workers have displayed posters on walls in vantage points in all the communities and caregivers discussed the contents of the leaflets at community meetings.
","In addition to breastmilk, we give local dishes like palm nut soup with soya beans, banku and groundnut soup, fufu with soup, kontomire [cocoyam leaf] with soya beans, and fish soup. We also give them oranges and pineapple — FGD with women Sunyani West District.At weighing, we are taught how to dress the child, breastfeeding, cleanliness, sleeping under mosquito nets, and family planning, how to feed the child. — FGDs with women Jaman South and Sunyani West Districts“I learned a lot of things here. You see my son likes the breastmilk and the only other thing he will eat is porridge; so I am going to read this leaflet so that it will guide me on what to feed him. You see he is my firstborn so his health is important to me.” —Nursing mother“This project is a good start of what we want to see in the community; that the caregiver is empowered to be in charge of the health and good development of their children. What I would also like to see is strengthening the skills and competencies of the health providers so that [they] would be able to help caregivers do appropriate feeding especially for the children under two years.” —Mrs. Wilhelmina Okwabi, Deputy Director of Health Services (Nutrition)“I was part of the data collection process and listening to the preliminary results gives me a sense of ownership; also the results show what is happening in the district and it shows us the work we are doing in the districts. We’ve learnt a lot here. We are going back to educate the mothers on what they are not doing well and encourage them to continue the good feeding practices.” —Technical officer, Vivian Dapaah District“We are thinking of ending malnutrition in children in line with Millennium Development Goal 4. If we don’t feed them well we cannot achieve this. That is why this [IYCN] project is very important and timely for the Regional Health Directorate.” —WS Supiimeh, Regional Health Promoter
","English" "9144","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","","","","","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","Nutritional care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9144","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","","","","","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","Insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and anaemia in pregnant women>>>Insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and anaemia in pregnant women>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bednets_malaria_pregnancy","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9144","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","Deworming of children 0-2 years was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9144","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","Maternal deworming in pregnancy was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9144","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","","","","","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","Preventive treatment of malaria in women was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9144","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","Urban|Rural","completed","01-2010","01-2011","In 2010 and 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project provided technical assistance to the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices and encourage increased use of high-quality, fortified complementary foods to curb malnutrition among children 6-23 months of age.
Working in nine districts of Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region, the project used a social marketing approach to engage households and communities through radio spots, radio discussions with community health workers and community leaders, and use of social and behavior change communication materials. These behavior change techniques aimed to increase knowledge and application of appropriate complementary feeding practices among low-income households caring for young children.
","Distribution of complementary foods was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9691","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ZAF","South Africa","South Africa","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","completed","01-2009","01-2011","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","Nutritional care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010In Eastern Cape Province, IYCN supported PATH’s efforts to improve the quality, availability, and uptake of PMTCT services by strengthening under-resourced PMTCT sites and mobilizing communities to increase the uptake of those services. To prevent malnutrition and ensure HIVfree survival of children, IYCN contributed to integrating infant and young child feeding activities into PMTCT interventions. Specifically, the project helped develop atraining package for lay counselors and community health workers and supported the training of 100 community health workers on infant and young child feeding. In addition, the project assisted the provincial health department to develop tools for surveying facility-based nutritionservices.By adapting a regional, community-based planning tool for use locally, IYCN worked with private-sector partner, J & J Trust, South Africa’s Ekurhuleni Municipality, and Ward 86 within the municipality’s Nigel District to conduct a pilot program that integrated nutrition interventions into economic and community development planning. This model approach can be scaled up throughout the district and beyond to enhance awareness of the nutritional status of young children and dietary and feeding practices that can improve their health. Through this approach, IYCN trained community volunteers to engage the community in nutrition activities. The community response was overwhelming, and community leaders included nutrition activities in development plans. These new activities included establishing a support group for pregnant and lactating mothers and their parents and initiating an awareness campaign on available structures to support lactation.
","x
","","x","x","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Infant feeding for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV>>>Infant feeding for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/hiv_infant_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","The use of existing structures and processes made planning community nutrition activities and allocating resources feasible. The community in Ward 86 continues to implement nutrition activities based on their community development plans. Although the project did not fund the implementation of these activities, community leaders were able to leverage existing structures and resources.Engagement with communities revealed that people are aware of nutrition and related issues, but that technical support is needed to develop creative behavior change interventions. It is possible to build better linkages between the community and health services by engaging the municipal planning system.
","“I have seen the level of interest in nutrition in the community increase, and now ward members are empowered to influence the development plans of the municipality and the district to prioritize support for nutrition.”— Benny Sikhakhane, IYCN Project consultant
","English" "9691","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ZAF","South Africa","South Africa","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","completed","01-2009","01-2011","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","Distribution of complementary foods was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","","","","","","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9691","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ZAF","South Africa","South Africa","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","completed","01-2009","01-2011","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","Maternal deworming in pregnancy was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","","","","","","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9691","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ZAF","South Africa","South Africa","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","completed","01-2009","01-2011","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","Management of MAM was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9691","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ZAF","South Africa","South Africa","","","","","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","Management of SAM was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9691","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ZAF","South Africa","South Africa","","","","","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","Deworming of children 0-2 years was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","National coverage","","","","","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9691","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ZAF","South Africa","South Africa","","","","","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","Providing maternal supplements of balanced energy and protein was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "9691","Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) Project ","English","Multi-national","","ZAF","South Africa","South Africa","","","","","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","South Africa’s HIV burden is the greatest in the world. From 2009 to 2011, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Infant & Young Child Nutrition Project worked to prevent HIV from reaching the next generation and to improve the nutritional status of mothers and children. The project informed a new set of national guidelines on infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and with national and international partners, identified opportunities for integrating nutrition assessment, counseling, and support services into programs focusing on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The project also worked in one district to mobilize communities and local government to integrate nutrition activities into community development plans. All of the project’s efforts have contributed to strengthening programs that seek to improve the nutrition of infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women, and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), particularly populations at risk of contracting HIV.
","Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets was reported to the Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010
","","","","","","","","","","Insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and anaemia in pregnant women>>>Insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and anaemia in pregnant women>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bednets_malaria_pregnancy","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11470","Integrated Family Health Program (IFHP)","English","National","","ETH","Ethiopia","Addis Ababa, Ethiopia|Amhara, Ethiopia|Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia|Oromia, Ethiopia|Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopia|Tigray, Ethiopia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2008","01-2013","The Integrated Family Health Program (IFHP) supports the Government of Ethiopia’s Health Extension Program (HEP) and reaches over 32 million people—40% of the Ethiopian population—in 300 districts. Through assistance to over 13,000 health extension workers (HEWs) and thousands of community volunteers, USAID supports the delivery of key maternal, neonatal and child health services at the community level. These services include:
Goal:
Improve family health, especially for mothers, newborns, and children.
Project Objectives:
IFHP emphasizes a continuum of care approach at household/family, community and health facility levels through the provision of selected evidence-based and high-impact packages of services. This project plays an integral role in assisting the Ministry of Health to develop and change national policies, such as the use of antibiotics at the community level. The project supports the Government of Ethiopia in its Health Sector Development Plan and enhancing the Government’s management capacity as decentralization continues, leaving behind a well-functioning health system. By increasing the quality of health workers at the primary health care level and increasing demand for quality services, IFHP improves health behaviors and utilization of services. Additionally, IFHP also strengthens the promotion of essential nutrition actions with a strong focus on behavior change at both the community and facility level.
","NICK (Nutritional Improvement for children in urban Chile and Kenya) is a three year study that started in October 2010 with funding from the UK Government Department for International Development (DFID) through the Economic and Social Research Council. This study helps the cities of Mombasa in Kenya and Valparaíso in Chile reduce child malnutrition using participatory action research to broaden stakeholder participation at municipal level to change the social determinants. These determinants control the everyday conditions in which people are living and include education, income, working conditions, housing, neighbourhood and community conditions, and social inclusion. It is envisaged that this study will contribute to existing knowledge and also serve as a useful guide for action not only in Kenya and Chile but also in other countries with high levels of child malnutrition.
The NICK project is being implemented in one Mombasa informal settlement (with one matched control settlement). The project, which started on October 1st 2010 and ends on September 30th 2013, is guided by the following central question: Can child malnutrition amongst families living in poverty in informal settlements and slums in Mombasa and Valparaíso be reduced through broadening community and stakeholder participation to change the social determinants of nutritional status?
The project seeks to address the following research questions:
Given the recognition that the determinants of child malnutrition are systemic and require multi-disciplinary concerted efforts to address, the Kenyan research team decided to explore ways of ensuring that the project is integrated into the national efforts that focus on child nutrition. The initial steps, therefore, involved holding discussions with the Nutrition Division in the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (MOPHS). During these discussions (in January 2011), it emerged that there are multiple efforts being put in place to strengthen interventions on child malnutrition and related problems among the urban poor. One such initiative was the proposed formation of Urban Nutrition Working Groups (UNWG).
The Kenyan NICK team considered that establishing an UNWG in Mombasa was critical entry point that would help to make NICK activities an integral part of local initiatives with a high possibility of sustainability. This UNWG would function as the participatory action research (PAR) group that was needed for the NICK Project. The team, therefore, sought the support of the national nutrition office to do the following:
Following the granting of permission to work with the Provincial Nutrition Officer, several meetings were held in Mombasa to plan for an initial meeting with local stakeholders to introduce the project and form a Participatory Action Research (PAR) group. The agreement was that the UNWG would also serve as the PAR group. The research group also met with Dr. Shariff,3 the Director of Medical Services, in the Ministry of Public Health and sanitation (MOPHS) who was supportive of NICK and emphasized the need for the project to enhance the implementation of national nutrition priorities. The team also met with members of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) who had just completed a national survey on Urban Food Security.
The preparatory phase was also utilized to carry out literature reviews and interviews to consolidate the situational analysis. A research permit was acquired, which was granted by the National Council for Science and Technology. With this permit, the Kenyan research team was able to plan for the baseline survey.
(i) Formation of the Provincial Nutrition Technical Committee and UNWG
This meeting was held in Mombasa on April 29th 2011. It brought together 24 participants who were drawn from the participating government departments and other partners. During this meeting, the team agreed to form the Provincial Nutrition Technical Committee under the leadership of the Provincial Nutritionist. Thirteen members were also nominated to form the UNWG under the leadership of the District Nutrition Officer. The members were supportive of this group due to the potential to have a coordinated approach to addressing child nutrition in the region.
(ii) Conduct of the baseline survey
During the initial meeting, it was agreed that the UNWG would be involved in carrying out the baseline survey. As part of community service, the members agreed that anthropometric measurements would be done for every child up to 5 years in the two study sites of Chaani (intervention) and Kongowea (control). Over 900 children were weighed and measured. Data from children 12-59 months indicate higher than national averages for stunting, with Chaani worse off than Kongowea.
The KDHS indicates high levels of stunting and underweight in the Coastal Province.
A household baseline survey was conducted (between June and July 2011) during which over 800 households were interviewed. The main issues addressed were child nutrition, health seeking behaviour and coping mechanisms. Data analysis is ongoing. The Kenyan team is now facilitating the UNGWA through three 6-monthly cycle of action and reflection to develop, implement and improve a range of small scale multisectiorial action to change the social determinants of child undernutrition.
(iii) 1st UNWG/PAR workshop – July 2011
This was a three-day meeting that was attended by 16 participants including the London-based researchers. A follow-up meeting for the UNWG was held on 20th July during which the first multisectorial action plan was finalised.
(iv) Community level activities
Community sensitization is ongoing. The UNWG has held meetings with health officials and village elders in Chaani (the intervention site). A public meeting was held with the community members on 7th November 2011, which was attended by over 250 people. So far 17 formalized groups have been identified and the next steps are to assess the training and research needs of these groups. Support for this group, in the form of training and provision of seed funds will be initiated in January 2011.
","
","","","Over 800 households; Over 900 children","","Anthropometric measurements","","Vulnerable groups","","Complementary feeding>>>Complementary feeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding","Others, please specify below","Competing interestsThe UNWG members are very busy with multiple responsibilities, which limits the amount of time they have for NICK activities, which are seen as not being directly part of their mandates. The implementation of national level campaigns, such as the polio campaign, interfered with planned programme activities.","Others, please specify below","Time constraints among Government officialsIt was difficult for the research team to interview the district level officers as key respondents for the baseline survey due to time constraints. Although some of them are interested in research they are hard pressed to put aside an hour for an interview.","Management","Managing expectationsIt has been difficult due to the low project budget. In Kenya, there is a tendency for officers to be given allowances when they attend meetings. Doing this would deplete the project budget completely. The research team has shared the project budget with the UNWG and an agreement has been reached to facilitate travel but not to provide ‘sitting allowances’ as a compromise.","Adherence","Balancing between studies and field activitiesCombining the field activities and the research activities of the extension research project on domestic violence and child undernutrition led to some delay in the implementation of community level activities and the 2nd PAR workshop. These activities will be initiated in earnest in January 2012. The PAR workshop will be held in February 2012","","","","","","","","","","","","","","
The current project implementation process introduces a different mechanism of working in partnership at the community level for the implementation partners. Although the project has experienced some challenges, the achievement to-date indicates that with more support and additional training, the UNWG is in a position to implement sustainable interventions to address the social determinants of child nutrition. The baseline survey tools that will be used at the end of the project will be a good measure of whether this approach will have borne the anticipated outcome of multiple implementers working together for the common good.
","","English"