"programme_id","programme_title","programme_language","programme_type","other_program","iso3code","country_name","program_location","area","status","start_date","end_date","brief_description","references","related_policy","new_policy","partner_gov","partner_government_details","partner_un","partner_un_details","partner_ngo","partner_ngo_details","partner_donors","partner_donors_details","partner_intergov","partner_intgov_details","partner_national_ngo","partner_nat_ngo_details","partner_research","partner_research_details","partner_private","partner_private_details","partner_other","partner_other_details","cost","fsector_0","fpartner_0","fdetails_0","fsector_1","fpartner_1","fdetails_1","fsector_2","fpartner_2","fdetails_2","fsector_3","fpartner_3","fdetails_3","fsector_4","fpartner_4","fdetails_4","fsector_5","fpartner_5","fdetails_5","fsector_6","fpartner_6","fdetails_6","fsector_7","fpartner_7","fdetails_7","fsector_8","fpartner_8","fdetails_8","fsector_9","fpartner_9","fdetails_9","fsector_10","fpartner_10","fdetails_10","fsector_11","fpartner_11","fdetails_11","fsector_12","fpartner_12","fdetails_12","fsector_13","fpartner_13","fdetails_13","fsector_14","fpartner_14","fdetails_14","fsector_15","fpartner_15","fdetails_15","fsector_16","fpartner_16","fdetails_16","fsector_17","fpartner_17","fdetails_17","fsector_18","fpartner_18","fdetails_18","fsector_19","fpartner_19","fdetails_19","fsector_20","fpartner_20","fdetails_20","fsector_21","fpartner_21","fdetails_21","fsector_22","fpartner_22","fdetails_22","fsector_23","fpartner_23","fdetails_23","fsector_24","fpartner_24","fdetails_24","fsector_25","fpartner_25","fdetails_25","fsector_26","fpartner_26","fdetails_26","fsector_27","fpartner_27","fdetails_27","fsector_28","fpartner_28","fdetails_28","fsector_29","fpartner_29","fdetails_29","fsector_30","fpartner_30","fdetails_30","fsector_31","fpartner_31","fdetails_31","fsector_32","fpartner_32","fdetails_32","fsector_33","fpartner_33","fdetails_33","fsector_34","fpartner_34","fdetails_34","fsector_35","fpartner_35","fdetails_35","fsector_36","fpartner_36","fdetails_36","fsector_37","fpartner_37","fdetails_37","fsector_38","fpartner_38","fdetails_38","fsector_39","fpartner_39","fdetails_39","fsector_40","fpartner_40","fdetails_40","fsector_41","fpartner_41","fdetails_41","fsector_42","fpartner_42","fdetails_42","fsector_43","fpartner_43","fdetails_43","fsector_44","fpartner_44","fdetails_44","fsector_45","fpartner_45","fdetails_45","fsector_46","fpartner_46","fdetails_46","fsector_47","fpartner_47","fdetails_47","fsector_48","fpartner_48","fdetails_48","fsector_49","fpartner_49","fdetails_49","action_id","theme","topic","new_topic","micronutrient","micronutrient_compound","target_group","age_group","place","delivery","other_delivery","dose_frequency","impact_indicators","me_system","target_pop","coverage_percent","coverage_type","baseline","post_intervention","social_det","social_other","elena_link","problem_0","solution_0","problem_1","solution_1","problem_2","solution_2","problem_3","solution_3","problem_4","solution_4","problem_5","solution_5","problem_6","solution_6","problem_7","solution_7","problem_8","solution_8","problem_9","solution_9","other_problems","other_lessons","personal_story","language" "6069","Community management of SAM","English","Community/sub-national","","MDG","Madagascar","Madagascar","Urban","on-going","01-2006","","
2006 started implementation following emergency, 2007 implementation in a few sites then slow scale up following each emergency in vulnerable zones (such as urban sites) or zone where we estimate an increase in SAM.
","CMSAM GLOBAL UPDATE/MAPPING EXERCISE JUNE 2010 (VALID INTERNATIONAL with UNICEF)
","","","Nutrition council","National Nutrition Office (ONN)","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Other","French Government","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","6068","Acute malnutrition","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","Infants and young children","6-59 months","","Community-based","","RUTF, F100, F75 and ReSoMal
","","District, regional and national level MoH staff conducts supervision and 6 UNICEF staff conducting ad hoc spot checks (4 full time job)
","30% (end 2009)","","","1% SAM and 8% GAM","","None","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Custom's administration slows down the process","CMSAM led to increased level of vaccinations and use of health center, but in emergencies, high caseloads interrupts routine health activities (over-come by inlcuding additional staff at the health centers)
","","English" "8820","Maziko: Nutrition Foundations for Women and Children ","English","Community/sub-national","","MWI","Malawi","Kasungu, Malawi|Ntchisi, Central Region, Malawi","Rural","on-going","01-2012","01-2015","This project (Maziko) aims to benefit more than 236,000 women, girls and boys in two districts where stunting and malnutrition are widespread. Addressing under-five child stunting head-on, the project takes an integrated approach to preventing and treating malnutrition by addressing behaviour change in the areas of: feeding practices, agricultural production, water, sanitation and hygiene while also focusing on access to programs at the district and community level. The Maziko Project uses a model of behaviour change that has been proven to reach large numbers of households while also strengthening the community-based referral to health services.
","http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/cpo.nsf/vWebProjSearchEn/70D2D2C877D0...
","8657|7979","","","","","","CARE","Multi-year award for fiscal years 2011-12 to 2014-15","","","","","National NGOs","Agriteam Canada: Competitively Sourced Contract (Purchase of services for development assistance)","","","","","","","The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) will commit CA$6,049,015 for this project.","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","The Maziko Project uses a model of behaviour change that has been proven to reach large numbers of households while also strengthening the community-based referral to health services.
","Expected results are: improved delivery of nutrition services, nutritional practices among vulnerable households, and an improved local enabling environment to sustain nutrition outcome. This will be achieved through for example: an improved ability of women and caregivers to prepare nutritious and micronutrient rich meals thanks to a deeper understanding of optimal nutrition and illness prevention practices for lactating women and children under five; as well as economic and social empowerment of the vulnerable women through increased access to nutrition services, financial resources, and leadership opportunities in community groups, increasing their role in health and nutrition decision making processes.
","","more than 236,000 ","Two districts (both in central region) out of the 27 with the highest prevalence of stunting","","","","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "8916","Reducing Maternal and Child Undernutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","GHA","Ghana","Bolgatanga, Ghana|Wa, Upper West, Ghana|Tamale, Northern, Ghana","Rural","on-going","01-2012","01-2017","The project’s first aim is to reduce child morbidity and mortality by scaling up proven nutrition interventions to the most vulnerable populations of northern Ghana. The key to the success of these interventions is an early identification of severely malnourished children by trained and appropriately equipped frontline health workers. This allows treating effectively most of the children at home by a simple provision of therapeutic food and micronutrient supplements. To ensure sustainability of the results and to help reduce the number of children facing undernutrition in the long term, the project will also assist the Government of Ghana in the development and implementation of a strong and coherent national nutrition policy. Finally, a gender sensitive nutrition information and surveillance system will be developed in the 3 northern regions to enable the government and development partners to improve monitoring of nutrition programs, decision-making and timely response in the three northern regions.
","http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/cpo.nsf/vWebCSAZEn/4A6A423FA901C7D785...
","","National Nutrition Policy","","","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)"," Multi-year award for fiscal years 2011-12 to 2016-17","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CA$ 15,000,000","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","8915","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","Reducing Maternal and Child Undernutrition","","","Infants and young children|Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)|SAM child","Children under 5 years","The 3 Northern regions (Upper East, Upper West, Northern region)","Community-based|Kindergarten/school","","","Expected intermediate outcomes include: - Improved treatment and prevention of child undernutrition for boys and girls under 5 and mothers - Improved financial support, gender-sensitive policy coherence and coordination in nutrition sector - Improved monitoring of nutritional indicators and decision making for better nutritional outcomes
","","x","Northern Ghana","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Micronutrient supplementation in children with severe acute malnutrition>>>Micronutrient supplementation in children with severe acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/micronutrients_sam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "8930","Assistance to Ghanaian Food-Insecure Households in Northern Ghana","English","Community/sub-national","","GHA","Ghana","Tongo, Bolgatanga Municipal, Upper East, Ghana|Danko, Wa Municipal, Upper West, Ghana|Zuorugu, Tamale, Ghana","Rural","on-going","01-2010","01-2014","The project supports the Government of Ghana in its efforts to improve the protection of vulnerable populations in northern Ghana from the devastating impacts of floods and droughts, and also to ensure that the immediate food needs of the most severely food-insecure households are met. The project aims to improve agriculture, water and land resources; create strategic reserves to protect the nutritional status of at-risk groups (including children under five, pregnant and lactating women and people living with HIV/AIDS); and support the rehabilitation and recovery of agricultural livelihoods. This project contributes to alleviating chronic food security amongst vulnerable groups, targeting and assisting poverty reduction in the most susceptible areas of northern Ghana.
","http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/cpo.nsf/vWebCSAZEn/503DAC11D7D8F3AD85...
","8488","","","","World Food Programme (WFP)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CA$ 20,000,000","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","8929","","Food distribution/supplementation for prevention of acute malnutrition","","","","HIV cases|Infants and young children|Lactating women (LW)|Pregnant women (PW)","","The 3 Northern regions (Upper East, Upper West, Northern region)","Community-based","","Results as of May 2012 include: the World Food Program (WFP) has distributed food to 327,982 beneficiaries out of the 423,250 planned. In particular, the targets for supplementary feeding of malnourished children under five and pregnant and lactating women are close to being achieved, and will likely be exceeded by the end of the project. The project has already exceeded the targets for the number of beneficiaries on its components Food for Assets (FFA) and Food for Training (FFT), and has reforested some 7,357 ha of land and rehabilitated 250 dams/dugouts.
","It is anticipated that all expected outcomes of increasing equitable access to food aid and prevention of malnutrition, particularly among children under five, pregnant and lactating women, including refugees; as well as to improving food consumption over the assistance period for targeted households, and people living with HIV/AIDS and their families; and increasing the targeted communities equitable access to livelihood assets, including assets for environmental conservation will be achieved.
","","423,250","327,982 beneficiaries (for distributed food); ","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Micronutrient supplementation in children with severe acute malnutrition>>>Micronutrient supplementation in children with severe acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/micronutrients_sam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "8933","The Leyaata (“Rescue Us”) Project to Reduce Maternal, Infant and Child Mortality","English","Community/sub-national","","GHA","Ghana","Kintamp, Ghana|Bole, Ghana","Rural","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","The project aims to reduce maternal, infant and child mortality in 50 marginalized villages in the north Kintampo and south Bole districts of Ghana by directly addressing key health issues. Reaching approximately 10,000 beneficiaries, the project addresses care during pregnancy and childbirth, neonatal care, and malaria control as critical health concerns in these communities. Key project components include establishing a prenatal and neonatal home visit system for pregnant women and infants, and launching a malaria control program that prioritizes mothers and infants.
Specific activities include: distributing neonatal care kits; training community-based volunteers and local health professionals; providing mosquito nets for all village residents; conducting malaria control workshops; and supplying local clinics with rapid malaria test kits. Ghana Rural Integrated Development is working in partnership with the Northern Empowerment Association to implement this project.
","http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/cpo.nsf/vWebCSAZen/index.html7E4DFE9C...
","8111","","","","","","","","","","","","National NGOs","Ghana Rural Integrated Development, Northern Empowerment Association","","","","","","","CA$ 643,464.00","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","8932","","Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets","","","","Infants and young children|Lactating women (LW)|Pregnant women (PW)","","North Kintampo & South Bole Districts","Community-based","","Specific activities include: distributing neonatal care kits; training community-based volunteers and local health professionals; providing mosquito nets for all village residents; conducting malaria control workshops; and supplying local clinics with rapid malaria test kits.
","Maternal, infant and child mortality
","","10,000 beneficiaries","50 marginalized villages in the north Kintampo and south Bole districts of Ghana","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and anaemia in pregnant women>>>Insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria and anaemia in pregnant women>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bednets_malaria_pregnancy","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11451","Food Security and Environment Facility","English","Community/sub-national","","GHA","Ghana","Zuarungu, Bolgatanga,Ghana | Baayiri, Wa, Ghana | Jekeyirili, Tamale, Ghana","Rural","on-going","01-2008","01-2016","This project supports Ghana's efforts to achieve food security through environmentally sound agricultural initiatives in the country's three northern (and poorest) regions. It provides funding for local initiatives developed by Ghanaian non-governmental organizations and the private sector in collaboration with Canadian and international organizations.
This project is expected to:
http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/ACDI-CIDA.nsf/eng/CAR-822151642-QLZ
","8109|8013","","Food and agriculture","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CA$ 15,000,000","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","11450","","Promotion of food security and agriculture","","","","Adult men and women","","3 northern (poorest) regions of Ghana","Community-based","","This project is expected to:
Results as of April 2012 include:
These activities are helping to improve food security in Ghana’s three poorest, northern regions, and to strengthen the capacity of Ghanaian organizations to support both women and men in practising sustainable agriculture.
","","4,020 farmers (1,300 women) as April 2012","The 3 northern (poorest) regions of Ghana","","Awareness farmers on environmentally sound agricultural practices.","Crop yields; new practices such as dry-season gardening in communities with highly degraded lands.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11464","Improving Maternal, Newborn and Child Nutrition in Northern Nigeria","English","Community/sub-national","","NGA","Nigeria","Kebbi, Nigeria|Katsina State, Nigeria|Jigawa State, Nigeria|Zamfara, Nigeria|Yobe, Nigeria","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2017","One million children under five die every year in Nigeria, 35% of them due to causes attributed to malnutrition. This makes Nigeria one of the six countries that accounts for half of all child deaths from malnutrition worldwide. In the north, half of all children under five are stunted, and one in five suffers from acute malnutrition. This has profound implications for health and for human development, and presents a major obstacle to attainment of Millennium Development Goals in the country and globally. To date, the Nigerian government has not provided the necessary leadership or response to the crisis. Coupled with this, is a weak and fragmented health system which is unable to provide the most basic, cost-effective services for the prevention and management of common health problems. Primary health care level remains the weakest link in effective health delivery.
The programme will deliver a number of evidence-based, highly cost-effective direct interventions for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition, including community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM), vitamin A supplementation and deworming, and promotion of improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The scaled up delivery will be used to raise the political profile of undernutrition in Nigeria and leverage government to coordinate and fund nutrition programmes. Independent operational research will examine the wider determinants and structural barriers of undernutrition. Impact evaluation will measure progress, quality and advise on critical elements required for a sustainable strategy.
A UNICEF and an INGO consortium of Save the Children (SC UK) and Action Against Hunger / Action Against Hunger (AAH/ACF) will deliver the interventions. Operational research and impact evaluation will be conducted by independent nutrition researchers and evaluation experts.
Results: This programme will reduce the incidence and prevalence of undernutrition in children under five across selected Northern States with high rates of undernutrition: Kebbi, Katsina, Jigawa, Zamfara, and Yobe. By 2017, DFID will improve the nutritional status of 6.2 million children under five in northern Nigeria. At least 140,000 children with severe acute malnutrition will receive treatment. The programme will contribute to National targets of reducing underweight and stunting by 20% (absolute reduction) and exclusive breast feeding rates will increase by 15% in the selected five northern states.
It is anticipated that the programme advocacy component will have some impact on improved government commitment and health system strengthening. Delivering services through government facilities, primary health care workers and community-led interventions will embed a culture of government ownership. Additionally, the design places high importance on support for government policies and strategic planning.
Irrespective of long term, systemic changes there is a strong economic and efficacy argument for DFID investment in nutrition. The direct nutrition interventions delivered through the health sector are evidence-based, cost effective and present a key opportunity for achievement of MDGs (1,4,5).
","http://projects.dfid.gov.uk/project.aspx?Project=201874
","7944|7943","","","","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Other","Operational research and impact evaluation will be conducted by independent nutrition researchers and evaluation experts","Project budget: £50 millionBudget spent to Date: £11,090,293","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Department of International Development (DFID)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","11461","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)|SAM child|Stunted child","Children under 5 years","Selected Northern States with high rates of undernutrition: Kebbi, Katsina, Jigawa, Zamfara, and Yobe. ","Primary health care center","","
","
One million children under five die every year in Nigeria, 35% of them due to causes attributed to malnutrition. This makes Nigeria one of the six countries that accounts for half of all child deaths from malnutrition worldwide. In the north, half of all children under five are stunted, and one in five suffers from acute malnutrition. This has profound implications for health and for human development, and presents a major obstacle to attainment of Millennium Development Goals in the country and globally. To date, the Nigerian government has not provided the necessary leadership or response to the crisis. Coupled with this, is a weak and fragmented health system which is unable to provide the most basic, cost-effective services for the prevention and management of common health problems. Primary health care level remains the weakest link in effective health delivery.
The programme will deliver a number of evidence-based, highly cost-effective direct interventions for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition, including community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM), vitamin A supplementation and deworming, and promotion of improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The scaled up delivery will be used to raise the political profile of undernutrition in Nigeria and leverage government to coordinate and fund nutrition programmes. Independent operational research will examine the wider determinants and structural barriers of undernutrition. Impact evaluation will measure progress, quality and advise on critical elements required for a sustainable strategy.
A UNICEF and an INGO consortium of Save the Children (SC UK) and Action Against Hunger / Action Against Hunger (AAH/ACF) will deliver the interventions. Operational research and impact evaluation will be conducted by independent nutrition researchers and evaluation experts.
Results: This programme will reduce the incidence and prevalence of undernutrition in children under five across selected Northern States with high rates of undernutrition: Kebbi, Katsina, Jigawa, Zamfara, and Yobe. By 2017, DFID will improve the nutritional status of 6.2 million children under five in northern Nigeria. At least 140,000 children with severe acute malnutrition will receive treatment. The programme will contribute to National targets of reducing underweight and stunting by 20% (absolute reduction) and exclusive breast feeding rates will increase by 15% in the selected five northern states.
It is anticipated that the programme advocacy component will have some impact on improved government commitment and health system strengthening. Delivering services through government facilities, primary health care workers and community-led interventions will embed a culture of government ownership. Additionally, the design places high importance on support for government policies and strategic planning.
Irrespective of long term, systemic changes there is a strong economic and efficacy argument for DFID investment in nutrition. The direct nutrition interventions delivered through the health sector are evidence-based, cost effective and present a key opportunity for achievement of MDGs (1,4,5).
","http://projects.dfid.gov.uk/project.aspx?Project=201874
","7944|7943","","","","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Other","Operational research and impact evaluation will be conducted by independent nutrition researchers and evaluation experts","Project budget: £50 millionBudget spent to Date: £11,090,293","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Department of International Development (DFID)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","11462","","Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling","Infant and Young Child Feeding","","","Infants and young children|Lactating women (LW)","Infants and young children below 2 years","Selected Northern States with high rates of undernutrition: Kebbi, Katsina, Jigawa, Zamfara, and Yobe.","Community-based|Primary health care center","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "11464","Improving Maternal, Newborn and Child Nutrition in Northern Nigeria","English","Community/sub-national","","NGA","Nigeria","Kebbi, Nigeria|Katsina State, Nigeria|Jigawa State, Nigeria|Zamfara, Nigeria|Yobe, Nigeria","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2017","One million children under five die every year in Nigeria, 35% of them due to causes attributed to malnutrition. This makes Nigeria one of the six countries that accounts for half of all child deaths from malnutrition worldwide. In the north, half of all children under five are stunted, and one in five suffers from acute malnutrition. This has profound implications for health and for human development, and presents a major obstacle to attainment of Millennium Development Goals in the country and globally. To date, the Nigerian government has not provided the necessary leadership or response to the crisis. Coupled with this, is a weak and fragmented health system which is unable to provide the most basic, cost-effective services for the prevention and management of common health problems. Primary health care level remains the weakest link in effective health delivery.
The programme will deliver a number of evidence-based, highly cost-effective direct interventions for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition, including community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM), vitamin A supplementation and deworming, and promotion of improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The scaled up delivery will be used to raise the political profile of undernutrition in Nigeria and leverage government to coordinate and fund nutrition programmes. Independent operational research will examine the wider determinants and structural barriers of undernutrition. Impact evaluation will measure progress, quality and advise on critical elements required for a sustainable strategy.
A UNICEF and an INGO consortium of Save the Children (SC UK) and Action Against Hunger / Action Against Hunger (AAH/ACF) will deliver the interventions. Operational research and impact evaluation will be conducted by independent nutrition researchers and evaluation experts.
Results: This programme will reduce the incidence and prevalence of undernutrition in children under five across selected Northern States with high rates of undernutrition: Kebbi, Katsina, Jigawa, Zamfara, and Yobe. By 2017, DFID will improve the nutritional status of 6.2 million children under five in northern Nigeria. At least 140,000 children with severe acute malnutrition will receive treatment. The programme will contribute to National targets of reducing underweight and stunting by 20% (absolute reduction) and exclusive breast feeding rates will increase by 15% in the selected five northern states.
It is anticipated that the programme advocacy component will have some impact on improved government commitment and health system strengthening. Delivering services through government facilities, primary health care workers and community-led interventions will embed a culture of government ownership. Additionally, the design places high importance on support for government policies and strategic planning.
Irrespective of long term, systemic changes there is a strong economic and efficacy argument for DFID investment in nutrition. The direct nutrition interventions delivered through the health sector are evidence-based, cost effective and present a key opportunity for achievement of MDGs (1,4,5).
","http://projects.dfid.gov.uk/project.aspx?Project=201874
","7944|7943","","","","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Other","Operational research and impact evaluation will be conducted by independent nutrition researchers and evaluation experts","Project budget: £50 millionBudget spent to Date: £11,090,293","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Department of International Development (DFID)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","11463","","Deworming","Micronutrients and Deworming","","","Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)","Children under 5 years","Selected Northern States with high rates of undernutrition: Kebbi, Katsina, Jigawa, Zamfara, and Yobe.","Hospital/clinic|Primary health care center","","","
.
","
Impact, outcome and output indicators will be monitored throughout the lifetime of the programme. Data will be obtained through programme monitoring tools and through routine surveillance instruments such as the Demographic Health Survey. An independent impact evaluation will be embedded within delivery. This will assess the overall effectiveness, cost efficiency and equity of the programme.
","6.2 million children under five in northern Nigeria","6.2 million children under five in 5 states of northern Nigeria","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11499","Food by Prescription","English","Community/sub-national","","ETH","Ethiopia","Addis Ababa, Ethiopia|Amhara, Ethiopia|Dire Dawa, Ethiopia|Harari, Ethiopia|Oromia, Ethiopia|Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopia|Tigray, Ethiopia","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2009","01-2013","
For pre-antiretroviral treatment and antiretroviral treatment patients, clinical malnutrition is a risk factor for HIV and mortality. Malnutrition can also negatively impact birth outcomes among HIV-positive women. As HIV infection progresses, challenges to maintenance of adequate nutritional status—mal-absorption of nutrients, hyper-metabolism, etc.—increase and can adversely affect adherence to and effectiveness of drug treatments.
Food by Prescription provides food and nutritional support to malnourished HIV+ individuals in the form of therapeutic and supplementary feeding at health facility levels. The project serves severely malnourished people living with HIV/AIDS, HIV+ pregnant women, HIV+ women in their first six months post-partum, their infants, and orphans and vulnerable children. To ensure the program’s success, USAID works with the Ethiopian Ministry of Health and HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office, as well as the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) project. Food by Prescription serves as a critical component of PEPFAR, a broader effort to strengthen integration of nutrition into HIV services. In order to reduce the cost associated with importation of nutrients and food commodities, the project will also collaborate with the public and private sector to explore the possibility of local production for some of the required food commodities.
Expected Results:
Two qualitative data collection rounds were included, with the following objectives:
a) Adherence and compliance: The objective of the first was to elaborate and contextualize the findings of the quantitative impact study, by exploring ration utilization and participant perceptions of the costs and benefits of participation in the FBP program. It sought to validate the assumption that participants were receiving and consuming the rations prescribed as per the program protocol and to identify the constraining factors and solutions for improved participant adherence. This component of the study also addressed issues of service provider participation, and the barriers and constraints to delivery that may have impacted the effects of the program on individuals.
b) Default and non-response: While the first qualitative study sought to identify constraints to adherence from a group of “successful” participants, a second study was designed to investigate the experience of “unsuccessful” participants, aiming to identify possible limitations to adherence among individuals who either defaulted from the program or failed to respond to the intervention.
The objective of the second qualitative study was to understand in greater depth the range of reasons for default among FBP program participants, as well as the range of reasons for poor weight gain among other participants.
The study was designed as a quasi-experimental effectiveness evaluation, with a comparison group of clinics selected from a geographic area similar to those in which the intervention was being evaluated. Originally, the study was designed to reflect the existence of a food support program being implemented by WFP in limited urban areas for households containing individuals with HIV. As the WFP program was providing a household ration to participant households, there was a concern that the measured impact of the FBP program could be biased by the presence or absence of the WFP program.
Therefore, the study sample was stratified to include three cohorts of participants who were followed longitudinally: two groups of adult PLHIV meeting FBP enrollment criteria in ART clinics at selected health facilities, one from sites offering both the FBP program and the WFP program, and another from sites offering FBP only. Participants from these two groups were recruited for the study at the time when they enrolled in the FBP program. The third group, a comparison group, was composed of FBP-eligible adults recruited from FBP Phase II sites, i.e., where the program had not yet been rolled out but would do so during Year Two of the program.
However, after the FBP program and the impact study had commenced, the WFP program was phased out. Despite this, the three study groups were maintained, with the idea that the two treatment groups could be pooled eventually if the baseline characteristics of the two did not differ significantly.
","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","National NGOs","SHARE Guatemala, Mercy Corps","","","","","","","","Government","","Deworming was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOH","","","","","","","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12448","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","GTM","Guatemala","Guatemala","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","National NGOs","SHARE Guatemala, Mercy Corps","","","","","","","","Government","","Take-home rations distributed was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: SOSEP, MSPAS and Brigada Cubana","","","","","","","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12448","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","GTM","Guatemala","Guatemala","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","National NGOs","SHARE Guatemala, Mercy Corps","","","","","","","","Government","","Referral health system for children who require nutrition interventions was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: SHARE Guatemala, Programa PROCOMIDA","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12448","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","GTM","Guatemala","Guatemala","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","National NGOs","SHARE Guatemala, Mercy Corps","","","","","","","","Government","","Provision of milk was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MAGA","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12448","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","GTM","Guatemala","Guatemala","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","National NGOs","SHARE Guatemala, Mercy Corps","","","","","","","","Government","","Vitamin A supplements distributed was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MINEDUC,MSPAS","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12474","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","NPL","Nepal","Nepal","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Deworming was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: District Health Officer/ District Education Officer","","","","","","","","Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>>Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminths>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/deworming","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12474","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","NPL","Nepal","Nepal","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Iron and folic acid supplements distributed was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: Nutrition Section, DoHS, MoHP / DoE, MoE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12474","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","NPL","Nepal","Nepal","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Referral health system for children who require nutrition interventions was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: Nutrition Section, DoHS, MoHP / DoE, MoE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12474","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","NPL","Nepal","Nepal","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","School meals based on national dietary guidelines was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: DoE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12853","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","World Food Programme (WFP)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Take-home rations distributed was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: GES","","","","","","","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12853","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","GHA","Ghana","Ghana","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","World Food Programme (WFP)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Referral health system for children who require nutrition interventions was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12858","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","LAO","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Lao People's Democratic Republic","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Take-home rations distributed was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOE","","","","","","","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12858","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","LAO","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Lao People's Democratic Republic","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Monitoring and informing parents on children's growth was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOH","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12858","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","LAO","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Lao People's Democratic Republic","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Hygienic cooking facilities and clean eating environment was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOE,MOH","","","","","","","","Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea>>>Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/wsh_diarrhoea","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12858","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","LAO","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Lao People's Democratic Republic","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Iron and folic acid supplements distributed was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOH","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12858","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","LAO","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Lao People's Democratic Republic","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Referral health system for children who require nutrition interventions was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOH","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12858","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","LAO","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Lao People's Democratic Republic","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Safe drinking-water was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOE,MOH","","","","","","","","Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea>>>Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/wsh_diarrhoea","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12858","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","LAO","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Lao People's Democratic Republic","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Provision of fruit and vegetables was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12858","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","LAO","Lao People's Democratic Republic","Lao People's Democratic Republic","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","School meals based on national dietary guidelines was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: MOE,MOH","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12981","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","POL","Poland","Poland","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Other","School directors","","Government","","Marketing of high-fat, energy dense, and/or micronutrient-poor foods and beverages not allowed on school premises was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12981","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","POL","Poland","Poland","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Other","School directors","","Government","","Vending machines not allowed on school premises was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12981","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","POL","Poland","Poland","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Other","School directors","","Government","","Safe drinking-water was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea>>>Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/wsh_diarrhoea","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "12981","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","POL","Poland","Poland","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Other","School directors","","Government","","Breakfast club was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "14026","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","GNB","Guinea-Bissau","Guinea-Bissau","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","National NGOs","AMIC","","","","","","","","Government","","Safe drinking-water was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","M&E implemented by: IPAD/AMIC","","","","","","","","Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea>>>Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/wsh_diarrhoea","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "14227","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","BOL","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Provision of fruit and vegetables was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "14227","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","BOL","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Provision of milk was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "14267","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","UGA","Uganda","Uganda","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Provision of fruit and vegetables was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "14267","GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition","English","Community/sub-national","","UGA","Uganda","Uganda","","","","","These programmes and actions were reported by countries for the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2009-2010, Module 4 on School-based nutrition programmes. Please note that for simplicity, all interventions in a thematic module have been combined under the same programme for GINA, while they may not be implemented as a package and may have different partners. These data are currently being updated and completed through the GINA verification process. If you think you can help update and complete any of these data, please sign up to GINA and edit.
","WHO (2013) Global Nutrition Policy Review. What does it take to scale up nutrition action?
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/policies/global_nut_policyrevi...
The Global nutrition policy review is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during 2009–2010, in which 119 WHO Member States and 4 territories participated.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Government","","Provision of milk was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010.
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","" "23199","CICR programme communautaire: Prise en Charge de la Malnutrition Aiguë dans le district de Gorom Gorom","English","Community/sub-national","","BFA","Burkina Faso","gorom gorom, burkina faso","Rural","on-going","","","La Croix Rouge de Belgique, en partenariat avec la Croix Rouge burkinabè et les autorités sanitaires ont mis en oeuvre depuis 2007 un programm d’appui aux structures sanitaires dans neuf provinces réparties dans 3 régions (Sahel, Nord, Centre Ouest).Pour la région du Sahel, le passage à l’échelle s’est fait à partir de 2011 par des phases successives sous financement ECHO (European Community Humanitarian aid Office). Aujourd’hui, le programme couvre les 18 Centre de Santé et de Promotion Sociale (CSPS) du District Sanitaire de Gorom Gorom. Le programme est actuellement en phase 6, phase ayant débutée en mars 2013 qui prendra fin en janvier 2014. Cette phase prévoit de consolider l’appui au système de santé de la région du Sahel en vue d’accroitre son efficacité dans la prise en charge ambulatoire de la malnutrition aigüe à travers des appuis techniques et financiers touchant à la fois la qualité, la couverture, le suivi/évaluation et la capitalisation de la prise en charge de la malnutrition aigüe.
","Ce programme a été identifié par le biais du projet «Coverage Monitoring Network» (CMN). Le projet CMN est une initiative inter-agence qui vise à accroître et d'améliorer le suivi de la couverture de la gestion communautaire de la malnutrition aiguë (CMAM) programmes à l'échelle mondiale, et renforce les capacités des professionnels nationaux et internationaux de la nutrition. Sa vocation est de fournir un support technique et des outils aux programmes de PCMA afin de les aider à évaluer leur impact, de partager et capitaliser les leçons apprises sur les facteurs influençant leur performance. Le projet met l'accent sur le renforcement des compétences en méthodologie SQUEAC et SLEAC. Il est mis en œuvre par un consortium dirigé par ACF International, et comprend Save the Children, Concern Worldwide, International Medical Corps, Helen Keller International et Valid International. Le projet est financé par la Commission européenne, Direction générale de l'aide humanitaire et de la protection civile (ECHO) et le Bureau du Foreign Disaster Assistance des États-Unis (OFDA) de l'USAID. Pour en savoir plus, s'il vous plaît visitez le site Web de la CMN à
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/
Veuillez suivre le lien ci-dessous pour accéder au rapport complet du CMN sur la couverture du projet PCMA dans le district de Gorom Gorom:
","","","","","","","International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","European Commission Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23198","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","SAM child","Enfants de 0 à 59 mois","District de Gorom Gorom","Community-based|Primary health care center","","Le cadre approprié pour la prise en charge de la malnutrition aiguë modérée est constitué des Centres de Santé et de Promotion Sociale (CSPS), des Centres Médicaux avec Antenne Chirurgicale (CMA) ou tout autre structure menant des activités de supplémentation alimentaire. En période d’urgence des Centres de Supplémentation Nutritionnelle (CSN) pourront être ouverts à cet effet.
Le cadre approprié de la prise en charge de la malnutrition sévère est le centre de récupération et d’éducation nutritionnelle (CREN). Son rôle principal est le traitement de la malnutrition sévère et l’éducation des familles en matière de nutrition.
Là où il n’existe pas de CREN, les CSPS doivent assurer une prise en charge en externe des cas adaptés à ce mode de traitement.
","La SQUEAC c´est une évaluation semi‐quantitative parce que combinant des données quantitatives et qualitatives:
Données quantitatives: données de routine (admissions, abandons, indicateurs de performance) et données collectées (cas couverts et cas non couverts) au cours d’enquêtes sur petites et grandes zones.
Données qualitatives: informations (opinions, connaissances sur la malnutrition, connaissances du programme de PEC, perception de la malnutrition, recours aux soins, facteurs limitant la PEC…) collectées auprès la communauté, des acteurs et bénéficiaires impliqués dans le service.
","Une investigation de la couverture du programme de prise en charge de la MAS dans le district a été conduite du 1 au 20 novembre 2013 en utilisant la méthodologie « Semi Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage » (SQUEAC). L´outil SQUEAC permet d´assurer à moindre coût un monitoring régulier des programmes et d´identifier les zones de couverture faible ou élevée ainsi que les raisons expliquant ces situations. L’ensemble de ces informations permet de planifier des actions spécifiques et concrètes dans le but d’améliorer la couverture des programmes concernés.
La méthodologie SQUEAC se compose de trois étapes principales:
L’étape 1 consiste à identifier les zones de couverture élevée ou faible et des barrières à l’accessibilité
L’étape 2 permet de vérifier des hypothèses sur les zones de couverture faible ou élevée au moyen d’enquêtes sur petites zones
L’étape 3 permet d’estimer la couverture globale à travers la construction d’un « a priori » (basé sur les barrières et les boosters), de l’Évidence Vraisemblable et d’un « post priori » basé sur la recherche de cas.
Aux recommandations ci-dessus sont ajoutées des recommandations spécifiques à l’attention:
De la Croix Rouge de Belgique:
-Evaluation des Centre d’Accueil Pour Nutrition (CAPN),
-Définition de la stratégie communautaire sur plusieurs années,
-Réflexion de concert avec la DRS et les DS (en impliquant les CISSE et les Points Focaux Nutrition) au concept CAPN et ses orientations en vue d’une meilleure intégration dans le système sanitaire,
-Travail conjoint avec la Direction Régionale de la Santé et les District Sanitaire sur un système harmonisé de collecte des données communautaires incluant tous les paramètres de suivi de la MAS (base de données complémentaires)
-Renforcement des ressources humaines des formations sanitaires en personnel additionnel,
-Révision de l’organisation terrain depuis le pôle technique jusqu’au positionnement des agents de terrain.
De la Direction régionale de la Santé du Sahel:
-Suivi de la mise en oeuvre des recommandations,
-Accompagnement du district dans la mise en oeuvre des recommandations,
-Mise en place d’un système harmonisé de collecte des données communautaires incluant tous les paramètres de suivi de la MAS (base de données complémentaires)
-Augmentation des ressources humaines dans les centres de santé,
-Recherche d’un système de motivation des agents de santé des CSPS (FBR, primes) conjointement avec les districts.
Du District sanitaire de Gorom Gorom :
-Restitution formelle des résultats de la SQUEAC,
-Evaluation de la mise en oeuvre des recommandations de la SQUEAC dans les cadres de concertation périodiques,
-Renforcement de la concertation entre acteurs de mise en oeuvre du programme,
-Recherche d’un système de motivation des Agents de santé communautaire (ASBC),
-Renforcement des compétences des agents de santé (formation, supervision),
-Renforcement des ressources humaines des CSPS,
-Amélioration des connaissances des populations sur la malnutrition et le programme de PEC,
-Recherche d’un système de motivation des agents de santé des CSPS (FBR, primes),
-Recherche des moyens pour faire face aux barrières géographiques.
L’Association de Solidarité et Coopération Internationale (LVIA) et son partenaire Medicus Mundi Italie (MMI) apportent un soutien à la Direction Régionale de la Santé du Centre-Ouest et au District sanitaire de Nanoro depuis mai 2012 pour la mise en oeuvre de la Prise en Charge Intégrée de la Malnutrition Aiguë (PCIMA). L’appui de LVIA-MMI au District Sanitaire (DS) de Nanoro porte principalement sur le renforcement des capacités des agents de santé pour la mise en oeuvre de la PCIMA, l’appui au DS pour la réalisation des campagnes de dépistage, la subvention des traitements pour la prise en charge des complications, l’acheminement des ATPE et la fourniture de farines enrichies pour la consolidation après guérison des cas de MAS.
","Ce programme a été identifié par le biais du projet «Coverage Monitoring Network» (CMN). Le projet CMN est une initiative inter-agence qui vise à accroître et d'améliorer le suivi de la couverture de la gestion communautaire de la malnutrition aiguë (CMAM) programmes à l'échelle mondiale, et renforce les capacités des professionnels nationaux et internationaux de la nutrition. Sa vocation est de fournir un support technique et des outils aux programmes de PCMA afin de les aider à évaluer leur impact, de partager et capitaliser les leçons apprises sur les facteurs influençant leur performance. Le projet met l'accent sur le renforcement des compétences en méthodologie SQUEAC et SLEAC. Il est mis en œuvre par un consortium dirigé par ACF International, et comprend Save the Children, Concern Worldwide, International Medical Corps, Helen Keller International et Valid International. Le projet est financé par la Commission européenne, Direction générale de l'aide humanitaire et de la protection civile (ECHO) et le Bureau du Foreign Disaster Assistance des États-Unis (OFDA) de l'USAID. Pour en savoir plus, s'il vous plaît visitez le site Web de la CMN à
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/
Veuillez suivre le lien ci-dessous pour accéder au rapport complet du CMN sur la couverture du projet PCMA dans le district de Nanoro:
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/SQUEAC_Rapport_NANORO_2014.pdf
","","","","","","","Other","Medicus Mundi Italie (MMI)","","","","","National NGOs","Association de Solidarité et Coopération Internationale (LVIA)","","","","","","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","European Commission Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23206","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","SAM child","Enfants de 6 à 59 mois","District de Nanoro","Primary health care center","","Sur le plan sanitaire, le district est divisé en 20 aires de santé. La structure de santé de référence est le Centre Médical avec Antenne chirurgicale (CMA) de Nanoro, géré par les religieux camiliens.
","La SQUEAC c´est une évaluation semi‐quantitative parce que combinant des données quantitatives et qualitatives:
Données quantitatives: données de routine (admissions, abandons, indicateurs de performance) et données collectées (cas couverts et cas non couverts) au cours d’enquêtes sur petites et grandes zones.
Données qualitatives: informations (opinions, connaissances sur la malnutrition, connaissances du programme de PEC, perception de la malnutrition, recours aux soins, facteurs limitant la PEC…) collectées auprès la communauté, des acteurs et bénéficiaires impliqués dans le service.
","Une investigation de la couverture du programme de prise en charge de la MAS dans le district a été conduite du 17 février au 14 mars 2014 en utilisant la méthodologie «Semi Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage» (SQUEAC). L´outil SQUEAC permet d´assurer à moindre coût un monitoring régulier des programmes et d´identifier les zones de couverture faible ou élevée ainsi que les raisons expliquant ces situations. L’ensemble de ces informations permet de planifier des actions spécifiques et concrètes dans le but d’améliorer la couverture des programmes concernés.
La méthodologie SQUEAC se compose de trois étapes principales:
L’étape 1 consiste à identifier les zones de couverture élevée ou faible et des barrières à l’accessibilité
L’étape 2 permet de vérifier des hypothèses sur les zones de couverture faible ou élevée au moyen d’enquêtes sur petites zones
L’étape 3 permet d’estimer la couverture globale à travers la construction d’un « a priori » (basé sur les barrières et les boosters), de l’Évidence Vraisemblable et d’un « post priori » basé sur la recherche de cas.
Ces différentes barrières soulignent la complémentarité nécessaire entre une prise en charge de qualité au niveau des formations sanitaires et des activités de mobilisation communautaire adaptées au contexte. La poursuite et le réajustement des actions entreprises, sur la base des constats dégagés par l’investigation, permettront d’atténuer les barrières et d’améliorer la couverture de la PCIMAS. Pour être suivies d’effet, les réorientations proposées nécessiteront une implication de tous les acteurs impliqués dans la prise en charge de la malnutrition.
Facteurs positifs (boosters):
- Appréciation de la prise en charge: Gratuité, Perception positive du traitement, Efficacité du traitement
- Recours au CSPS pour le traitement de la malnutrition, traitement connu
- Connaissances sur la malnutrition
- Implication des acteurs clés au niveau de la communauté (ASC, TPS, leaders)
- Activités des ASC : campagnes de dépistage, suivi des cas
L’Association de Solidarité et Coopération Internationale (LVIA) et son partenaire Medicus Mundi Italie (MMI) apportent un soutien à la Direction Régionale de la Santé du Centre-Ouest et au District sanitaire de Réo depuis mai 2012 pour la mise en oeuvre de la Prise en Charge Intégrée de la Malnutrition Aiguë (PCIMA). L’appui de LVIA-MMI au District Sanitaire (DS) de Réo porte principalement sur le renforcement des capacités des agents de santé pour la mise en oeuvre de la PCIMA, l’appui au DS pour la réalisation des campagnes de dépistage trimestrielles, la subvention totale de la prise en charge des complications en interne (frais de transport, traitement diététique et médical, alimentation de l’accompagnant), l’acheminement et le stockage des ATPE, et la fourniture de farines enrichies pour la consolidation après guérison des cas de MAS.
","Ce programme a été identifié par le biais du projet «Coverage Monitoring Network» (CMN). Le projet CMN est une initiative inter-agence qui vise à accroître et d'améliorer le suivi de la couverture de la gestion communautaire de la malnutrition aiguë (CMAM) programmes à l'échelle mondiale, et renforce les capacités des professionnels nationaux et internationaux de la nutrition. Sa vocation est de fournir un support technique et des outils aux programmes de PCMA afin de les aider à évaluer leur impact, de partager et capitaliser les leçons apprises sur les facteurs influençant leur performance. Le projet met l'accent sur le renforcement des compétences en méthodologie SQUEAC et SLEAC. Il est mis en œuvre par un consortium dirigé par ACF International, et comprend Save the Children, Concern Worldwide, International Medical Corps, Helen Keller International et Valid International. Le projet est financé par la Commission européenne, Direction générale de l'aide humanitaire et de la protection civile (ECHO) et le Bureau du Foreign Disaster Assistance des États-Unis (OFDA) de l'USAID. Pour en savoir plus, s'il vous plaît visitez le site Web de la CMN à
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/
Veuillez suivre le lien ci-dessous pour accéder au rapport complet du CMN sur la couverture du projet PCMA dans le district de Pama:
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/SQUEAC_Rapport_REO_2014.pdf
","","","","","","","Other","Medicus Mundi Italie (MMI)","","","","","National NGOs","Association de Solidarité et Coopération Internationale (LVIA)","","","","","","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","European Commission Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23211","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","SAM child","Enfants de 6 à 59 mois","District de Réo","Primary health care center","","Sur le plan sanitaire, le District sanitaire de Réo est divisé en 40 aires de santé, et comporte 36 CSPS, 4 CM et 5 CREN.
","La SQUEAC c´est une évaluation semi‐quantitative parce que combinant des données quantitatives et qualitatives:
Données quantitatives: données de routine (admissions, abandons, indicateurs de performance) et données collectées (cas couverts et cas non couverts) au cours d’enquêtes sur petites et grandes zones.
Données qualitatives: informations (opinions, connaissances sur la malnutrition, connaissances du programme de PEC, perception de la malnutrition, recours aux soins, facteurs limitant la PEC…) collectées auprès la communauté, des acteurs et bénéficiaires impliqués dans le service.
","Une investigation de la couverture du programme de prise en charge de la MAS dans le district a été conduite du 17 février au 14 mars 2014 en utilisant la méthodologie «Semi Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage» (SQUEAC). L´outil SQUEAC permet d´assurer à moindre coût un monitoring régulier des programmes et d´identifier les zones de couverture faible ou élevée ainsi que les raisons expliquant ces situations. L’ensemble de ces informations permet de planifier des actions spécifiques et concrètes dans le but d’améliorer la couverture des programmes concernés.
La méthodologie SQUEAC se compose de trois étapes principales:
L’étape 1 consiste à identifier les zones de couverture élevée ou faible et des barrières à l’accessibilité
L’étape 2 permet de vérifier des hypothèses sur les zones de couverture faible ou élevée au moyen d’enquêtes sur petites zones
L’étape 3 permet d’estimer la couverture globale à travers la construction d’un « a priori » (basé sur les barrières et les boosters), de l’Évidence Vraisemblable et d’un « post priori » basé sur la recherche de cas.
Les actions de mobilisation communautaire entreprises pour soutenir le passage à l’échelle de la PCIMA ont favorisé une bonne connaissance de l’existence du traitement au niveau de la communauté. L’influence des cas guéris favorise par ailleurs une perception positive de l’efficacité du traitement, encourageant le recours aux soins spontané.
Au total, le faible niveau de couverture mis en évidence au cours de cette investigation souligne la nécessité de consolider les actions entreprises dans le cadre du passage à l’échelle. Les réorientations devront notamment prendre en compte les défis posés par les difficultés d’accessibilité géographique,
","","English" "23214","CICR programme communautaire: Prise en Charge de la Malnutrition Aiguë dans le district de Sebba","English","Community/sub-national","","BFA","Burkina Faso","Sebba, burkina faso","Rural","on-going","07-2007","","Le Croix Rouge de Belgique (CRB) et la Croix Rouge Burkinabè travaillent en partenariat avec le service de la santé depuis 2007 dans la région du Sahel au Burkina Faso. Ce partenariat est orienté vers le renforcement des capacités en ce qui concerne la Prise en Charge de la Malnutrition Aiguë sous financement ECHO. Aujourd’hui, le programme couvre les 13 CSPS dans le district du Sebba aussi que 23 CAPN (Centre d’Accueil Pour Nutrition). Le programme est actuellement en phase 6, phase ayant débutée en mars 2013 qui prendra fin en janvier 2014. Cette phase prévoit de consolider l’appui au système de santé de la région du Sahel en vue d’accroitre son efficacité dans la prise en charge ambulatoire de la malnutrition aigüe à travers des appuis techniques et financiers touchant à la fois la qualité, la couverture, le suivi/évaluation et la capitalisation de la prise en charge de la malnutrition aigüe.
","Ce programme a été identifié par le biais du projet «Coverage Monitoring Network» (CMN). Le projet CMN est une initiative inter-agence qui vise à accroître et d'améliorer le suivi de la couverture de la gestion communautaire de la malnutrition aiguë (CMAM) programmes à l'échelle mondiale, et renforce les capacités des professionnels nationaux et internationaux de la nutrition. Sa vocation est de fournir un support technique et des outils aux programmes de PCMA afin de les aider à évaluer leur impact, de partager et capitaliser les leçons apprises sur les facteurs influençant leur performance. Le projet met l'accent sur le renforcement des compétences en méthodologie SQUEAC et SLEAC. Il est mis en œuvre par un consortium dirigé par ACF International, et comprend Save the Children, Concern Worldwide, International Medical Corps, Helen Keller International et Valid International. Le projet est financé par la Commission européenne, Direction générale de l'aide humanitaire et de la protection civile (ECHO) et le Bureau du Foreign Disaster Assistance des États-Unis (OFDA) de l'USAID. Pour en savoir plus, s'il vous plaît visitez le site Web de la CMN à
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/
Veuillez suivre le lien ci-dessous pour accéder au rapport complet du CMN sur la couverture du projet PCMA dans le district de Sebba:
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/RAPPORT-SQUEAC-SEBBA.pdf
","","","","","","","International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","European Commission Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23213","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","SAM child","Enfants de 6 à 59 mois","District de Sebba","Primary health care center","","Le cadre approprié pour la prise en charge de la malnutrition aiguë modérée est constitué des Centres de Santé et de Promotion Sociale (CSPS), des Centres Médicaux avec Antenne Chirurgicale (CMA) ou tout autre structure menant des activités de supplémentation alimentaire. En période d’urgence des Centres de Supplémentation Nutritionnelle (CSN) pourront être ouverts à cet effet.
Le cadre approprié de la prise en charge de la malnutrition sévère est le centre de récupération et d’éducation nutritionnelle (CREN). Son rôle principal est le traitement de la malnutrition sévère et l’éducation des familles en matière de nutrition. Là où il n’existe pas de CREN, les CSPS doivent assurer une prise en charge en externe des cas adaptés à ce mode de traitement.
","La SQUEAC c´est une évaluation semi‐quantitative parce que combinant des données quantitatives et qualitatives:
Données quantitatives: données de routine (admissions, abandons, indicateurs de performance) et données collectées (cas couverts et cas non couverts) au cours d’enquêtes sur petites et grandes zones.
Données qualitatives: informations (opinions, connaissances sur la malnutrition, connaissances du programme de PEC, perception de la malnutrition, recours aux soins, facteurs limitant la PEC…) collectées auprès la communauté, des acteurs et bénéficiaires impliqués dans le service.
","Une investigation de la couverture du programme de prise en charge de la MAS dans le district a été conduite du 1 au 20 novembre 2013 en utilisant la méthodologie « Semi Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage » (SQUEAC). L´outil SQUEAC permet d´assurer à moindre coût un monitoring régulier des programmes et d´identifier les zones de couverture faible ou élevée ainsi que les raisons expliquant ces situations. L’ensemble de ces informations permet de planifier des actions spécifiques et concrètes dans le but d’améliorer la couverture des programmes concernés.
La méthodologie SQUEAC se compose de trois étapes principales:
L’étape 1 consiste à identifier les zones de couverture élevée ou faible et des barrières à l’accessibilité
L’étape 2 permet de vérifier des hypothèses sur les zones de couverture faible ou élevée au moyen d’enquêtes sur petites zones
L’étape 3 permet d’estimer la couverture globale à travers la construction d’un « a priori » (basé sur les barrières et les boosters), de l’Évidence Vraisemblable et d’un « post priori » basé sur la recherche de cas.
Points forts:
- Les ASC / AV sont actifs avec leurs activités
- Le CSPS est le premier recours aux soins
- Il existe une bonne connaissance et une appréciation du traitement ATPE.
Barrières à l’accessibilité des soins qui limitent la couverture:
- La distance et l’inaccessibilité géographique des certains villages, surtout en saison des pluies.
- La qualité de la prise en charge de la Malnutrition Aigüe Sévère au niveau CSPS : Pas de dépistage systématique aux cours des consultations, temps d’attente trop long, manque de communication entre les AS et les mères concernant le traitement, mauvais accueil au CSPS.
- Manque de connaissance de la malnutrition et du programme : les mères voient que l’enfant est malade mais ne savent pas de quelle maladie l’enfant souffre ni pourquoi. Elles vont au CSPS car c’est là où elles soignent les enfants malades mais pas parce qu’elles connaissent le programme.
Action Contre la Faim Espagne (ACF-E) met en place un programme de renforcement des capacités de prise en charge de la malnutrition aiguë dans tout le cercle sanitaire de Kita depuis juillet 2012 (une partie seulement du cercle était couvert depuis 2011). La prise en charge de la malnutrition aigüe sur Kita se fait au niveau du CSRef (Centre de santé de référence, situé à Kita) pour les enfants MAS avec complications (en URENI), au niveau des CScom (centres de santé communautaires) pour les enfants MAS sans complications (en URENAS) et MAM (en URENAM). Il est aussi à noter que des Agents de santé communautaire (65) ont été formés en 2012 au dépistage et à la prise en charge de la MAM.
ACF-E supporte techniquement et logistiquement les autorités sanitaires pour le dépistage et la PEC de la malnutrition aigüe sur toutes les aires de santé fonctionnelles du cercle de Kita à travers 2 projets: un financé par ECHO depuis 2012 (35 CScom) et un autre nommé PASAN, financé par AECID depuis 2011 (6 CScom8) et pour lequel ACF-E est en appui à une ONG nationale (Stop Sahel).
","Ce programme a été identifié par le biais du projet «Coverage Monitoring Network» (CMN). Le projet CMN est une initiative inter-agence qui vise à accroître et d'améliorer le suivi de la couverture de la gestion communautaire de la malnutrition aiguë (CMAM) programmes à l'échelle mondiale, et renforce les capacités des professionnels nationaux et internationaux de la nutrition. Sa vocation est de fournir un support technique et des outils aux programmes de PCMA afin de les aider à évaluer leur impact, de partager et capitaliser les leçons apprises sur les facteurs influençant leur performance. Le projet met l'accent sur le renforcement des compétences en méthodologie SQUEAC et SLEAC. Il est mis en œuvre par un consortium dirigé par ACF International, et comprend Save the Children, Concern Worldwide, International Medical Corps, Helen Keller International et Valid International. Le projet est financé par la Commission européenne, Direction générale de l'aide humanitaire et de la protection civile (ECHO) et le Bureau du Foreign Disaster Assistance des États-Unis (OFDA) de l'USAID. Pour en savoir plus, s'il vous plaît visitez le site Web de la CMN à
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/
Veuillez suivre le lien ci-dessous pour accéder au rapport complet du CMN sur la couverture du projet PCMA dans le district de Kita:
","","","","","","","Action Against Hunger (AAH) / Action contre la faim (ACF)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","European Commission Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO)","Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Other","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23243","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","SAM child","Enfants de 6 à 59 mois","District de Kita","Primary health care center","","Le District sanitaire de Kita est constitué de 46 aires de santé. 3 sont toujours considérés comme non fonctionnelles6 (Kolé, Niantasso, Sanko). L’aire de santé de Sibikily vient d’être dotée en personnel et ACF-E leur a fait une formation sur la PEC de la malnutrition aigüe.
","La SQUEAC c´est une évaluation semi‐quantitative parce que combinant des données quantitatives et qualitatives:
Données quantitatives: données de routine (admissions, abandons, indicateurs de performance) et données collectées (cas couverts et cas non couverts) au cours d’enquêtes sur petites et grandes zones.
Données qualitatives: informations (opinions, connaissances sur la malnutrition, connaissances du programme de PEC, perception de la malnutrition, recours aux soins, facteurs limitant la PEC…) collectées auprès la communauté, des acteurs et bénéficiaires impliqués dans le service.
Une investigation de la couverture du programme de prise en charge de la MAS dans le district a été conduite en decembre 2013 en utilisant la méthodologie « Semi Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage » (SQUEAC). Une première évaluation de la couverture du programme nutritionnel a été menée en mars 2013 et montrait des taux de couverture actuelle de 24,9% [IC95% : 14,5%-39,2%]. L´outil SQUEAC permet d´assurer à moindre coût un monitoring régulier des programmes et d’identifier les zones de couverture faible ou élevée ainsi que les raisons expliquant ces situations. L’ensemble de ces informations permet de planifier des actions spécifiques et concrètes dans le but d’améliorer la couverture des programmes concernés.
La méthodologie SQUEAC se compose de trois étapes principales:
L’étape 1 consiste à identifier les zones de couverture élevée ou faible et des barrières à l’accessibilité
L’étape 2 permet de vérifier des hypothèses sur les zones de couverture faible ou élevée au moyen d’enquêtes sur petites zones
L’étape 3 permet d’estimer la couverture globale à travers la construction d’un « a priori » (basé sur les barrières et les boosters), de l’Évidence Vraisemblable et d’un « post priori » basé sur la recherche de cas.
Au total, cette investigation met en avant le besoin de poursuivre le travail entrepris par les équipes d’ACF-E en collaboration avec les autorités sanitaires, le personnel des CScom et les relais communautaires. L’implication des ASC dans la PEC de la MAS est à envisager.
L’hypothèse d’hétérogénéité de la couverture a été confirmée, avec des zones de plus haute couverture dans les villages proches des CScom (<5kms) où des RC mènent des activités de dépistage et de sensibilisation et des zones de plus faible couverture dans les villages éloignés des CScom, d’autant plus si peu de dépistage des enfants malnutris aigus est effectué.
L’histoire de la PCIMA dans le district d’Amdam avait commencé avec l’arrivée de MSF-Hollande, Septembre 2007 avec un programme de soins de santé primaire (consultation curative, CPN), nutrition sous clinique mobile et appui en personnel à l’hôpital du district. En 2010, avec l’appui d’ECHO, International Medical Corps redémarrera la PCIMA avec 16 sites et depuis Novembre 2012 jusqu'à nos jours, le district compte actuellement 19 sites de prise en charge CNA/CNS et 1 centre de stabilisation à l’hôpital du District. Parmi les 19 sites CNA/CNS, 3 sont fixes et 16 cliniques mobiles.
","Ce programme a été identifié par le biais du projet «Coverage Monitoring Network» (CMN). Le projet CMN est une initiative inter-agence qui vise à accroître et d'améliorer le suivi de la couverture de la gestion communautaire de la malnutrition aiguë (CMAM) programmes à l'échelle mondiale, et renforce les capacités des professionnels nationaux et internationaux de la nutrition. Sa vocation est de fournir un support technique et des outils aux programmes de PCMA afin de les aider à évaluer leur impact, de partager et capitaliser les leçons apprises sur les facteurs influençant leur performance. Le projet met l'accent sur le renforcement des compétences en méthodologie SQUEAC et SLEAC. Il est mis en œuvre par un consortium dirigé par ACF International, et comprend Save the Children, Concern Worldwide, International Medical Corps, Helen Keller International et Valid International. Le projet est financé par la Commission européenne, Direction générale de l'aide humanitaire et de la protection civile (ECHO) et le Bureau du Foreign Disaster Assistance des États-Unis (OFDA) de l'USAID. Pour en savoir plus, s'il vous plaît visitez le site Web de la CMN à
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/.
Veuillez suivre le lien ci-dessous pour accéder au rapport complet du CMN sur la couverture du projet PCMA dans le district de Amdam:
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","European Commission Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23251","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","SAM child","Enfants de 6 à 59 mois","District de Amdam","Community-based|Primary health care center","","Le District d’Amdam compte 4 zones de responsabilité et selon les possibilités du financement International Medical Corps était en mesure de mettre en oeuvre son programme de nutrition dans toutes les zones de responsabilité d’Amdam avec 2 CNA fixes et 11 cliniques mobiles (des Juillet 2010 jusqu’en Octobre 2012) Depuis Novembre le réseau de clinique mobile a été augmentée avec l’ouverture de 6 nouveaux sites, ce qui donne un total de 16 cliniques mobiles et 3 CNA fixe sur l’ensemble du District.
","La SQUEAC c´est une évaluation semi‐quantitative parce que combinant des données quantitatives et qualitatives:
Données quantitatives: données de routine (admissions, abandons, indicateurs de performance) et données collectées (cas couverts et cas non couverts) au cours d’enquêtes sur petites et grandes zones.
Données qualitatives: informations (opinions, connaissances sur la malnutrition, connaissances du programme de PEC, perception de la malnutrition, recours aux soins, facteurs limitant la PEC…) collectées auprès la communauté, des acteurs et bénéficiaires impliqués dans le service.
Une investigation de la couverture du programme de prise en charge de la MAS dans le district a été conduite du du 14 mars au 3 avril 2014 en utilisant la méthodologie «Semi Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage» (SQUEAC). Une première enquête utilisant la méthodologie SQUEAC était réalisée par International Medical Corps en Avril 2012 et avait trouvé un taux de couverture de 34%. L´outil SQUEAC permet d´assurer à moindre coût un monitoring régulier des programmes et d’identifier les zones de couverture faible ou élevée ainsi que les raisons expliquant ces situations. L’ensemble de ces informations permet de planifier des actions spécifiques et concrètes dans le but d’améliorer la couverture des programmes concernés.
La méthodologie SQUEAC se compose de trois étapes principales:
L’étape 1 consiste à identifier les zones de couverture élevée ou faible et des barrières à l’accessibilité
L’étape 2 permet de vérifier des hypothèses sur les zones de couverture faible ou élevée au moyen d’enquêtes sur petites zones
L’étape 3 permet d’estimer la couverture globale à travers la construction d’un « a priori » (basé sur les barrières et les boosters), de l’Évidence Vraisemblable et d’un « post priori » basé sur la recherche de cas.
Certaines insuffisances ont été identifiées lors de cette enquête notamment l’insuffisance d’engagement du personnel soignant du Ministère de la sante travaillant dans les centres de santé fonctionnels pour le succès du programme. Ceux-ci nous ont semblé considérer le programme de Nutrition comme étant une affaire des ONG. Le travail mené par les relais communautaires nécessite un suivi rapproché bien qu’il y a nécessité d’augmenter leur nombre il faut d’abord encadrer ceux qui existent déjà afin d’améliorer leur performance dans le travail.
Il y a une certaine adéquation entre les tendances des admissions et le calendrier saisonnier. Ce qui signifierait que le programme répond d’une manière ou d’une autre aux besoins mais cela est à prendre avec réserve parce qu’étant donné que l’hypothèse de la distance et l’inaccessibilité font partie des barrières majeures au programme il y a lieu de penser que ces tendances d’admissions traduiraient juste une indication sur la réalité.
L’amélioration de la sensibilisation communautaire à travers une augmentation du nombre des relais communautaires, l’augmentation de sites dans les villages lointains ainsi que le renforcement de la clinique mobile surtout dans les zones éloignées: Teleguey et Koutoufare constituent pour le moment des solutions incontournables pour l’amélioration de la couverture nutritionnelle dans le district d’Amdam.
","","French" "23254","IMC programme communautaire: Prise en Charge de la Malnutrition Aiguë dans le district de Iriba","French","Community/sub-national","","TCD","Chad","Iriba, Chad","Rural","on-going","07-2010","","L’histoire du PCIMA dans le district d’Iriba a débuté avec l’arrivée des réfugiés Soudanais en 2004. Il était mis en oeuvre par les humanitaires dans les centres de santé des camps d’Amnaback, Touloum et Iridimi. Depuis Juillet 2010, en plus des centres nutritionnels des camps, International Medical Corps avait ouvert pour la population hôte 1 CNS et CNA fixe dans le centre de santé d’Iriba ainsi que 20 sites CNA et CNS de clinique mobile dans la zone de responsabilité d’Iriba soit dans un rayon d’environ 25 km autour de la ville d’Iriba depuis. A partir d’octobre 2012, International Medical Corps a élargi son rayon d’action dans le district d’Iriba couvrant 13 zones de responsabilité dont 5 fonctionnelles et 8 non fonctionnelles sous le financement ECHO.
","Ce programme a été identifié par le biais du projet «Coverage Monitoring Network» (CMN). Le projet CMN est une initiative inter-agence qui vise à accroître et d'améliorer le suivi de la couverture de la gestion communautaire de la malnutrition aiguë (CMAM) programmes à l'échelle mondiale, et renforce les capacités des professionnels nationaux et internationaux de la nutrition. Sa vocation est de fournir un support technique et des outils aux programmes de PCMA afin de les aider à évaluer leur impact, de partager et capitaliser les leçons apprises sur les facteurs influençant leur performance. Le projet met l'accent sur le renforcement des compétences en méthodologie SQUEAC et SLEAC. Il est mis en œuvre par un consortium dirigé par ACF International, et comprend Save the Children, Concern Worldwide, International Medical Corps, Helen Keller International et Valid International. Le projet est financé par la Commission européenne, Direction générale de l'aide humanitaire et de la protection civile (ECHO) et le Bureau du Foreign Disaster Assistance des États-Unis (OFDA) de l'USAID. Pour en savoir plus, s'il vous plaît visitez le site Web de la CMN à
http://www.coverage-monitoring.org/.
Veuillez suivre le lien ci-dessous pour accéder au rapport complet du CMN sur la couverture du projet PCMA dans le district de Iriba:
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","European Commission Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23253","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","SAM child","Enfants de 6 à 59 mois","District de Iriba","Community-based|Primary health care center","","Le District d’Iriba compte 22 zones de responsabilité et selon les possibilités du financement International Medical Corps n’était en mesure de mettre en oeuvre son programme de nutrition que dans la seule zone de responsabilité d’Iriba et ses environs soit dans un rayon de plus ou moins 25 km autour de la ville d’Iriba depuis Juillet 2010 jusqu’en Octobre 2012 à travers un CNA fixe et des sites de cliniques mobiles. Depuis Octobre 2012, le programme a commencé à être étendu vers toutes les zones de responsabilité du District.
","La SQUEAC c´est une évaluation semi‐quantitative parce que combinant des données quantitatives et qualitatives:
Données quantitatives: données de routine (admissions, abandons, indicateurs de performance) et données collectées (cas couverts et cas non couverts) au cours d’enquêtes sur petites et grandes zones.
Données qualitatives: informations (opinions, connaissances sur la malnutrition, connaissances du programme de PEC, perception de la malnutrition, recours aux soins, facteurs limitant la PEC…) collectées auprès la communauté, des acteurs et bénéficiaires impliqués dans le service.
Une investigation de la couverture du programme de prise en charge de la MAS dans le district a été conduite du du 14 mars au 3 avril 2014 en utilisant la méthodologie «Semi Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage» (SQUEAC). Une première enquête utilisant la méthodologie SQUEAC était réalisée par International Medical Corps en Avril 2012 et avait trouvé un taux de couverture de 36%. L´outil SQUEAC permet d´assurer à moindre coût un monitoring régulier des programmes et d’identifier les zones de couverture faible ou élevée ainsi que les raisons expliquant ces situations. L’ensemble de ces informations permet de planifier des actions spécifiques et concrètes dans le but d’améliorer la couverture des programmes concernés.
La méthodologie SQUEAC se compose de trois étapes principales:
L’étape 1 consiste à identifier les zones de couverture élevée ou faible et des barrières à l’accessibilité
L’étape 2 permet de vérifier des hypothèses sur les zones de couverture faible ou élevée au moyen d’enquêtes sur petites zones
L’étape 3 permet d’estimer la couverture globale à travers la construction d’un « a priori » (basé sur les barrières et les boosters), de l’Évidence Vraisemblable et d’un « post priori » basé sur la recherche de cas.
Certaines insuffisances ont été identifiées lors de cette enquête notamment l’insuffisance d’engagement du personnel soignant du Ministère de la sante travaillant dans les centres de santé fonctionnels pour le succès du programme. Celui-ci nous a semblé considérer le programme de Nutrition comme étant une affaire des ONG. Le travail mené par les relais communautaires nécessite un suivi rapproché bien qu’il y a nécessité d’augmenter leur nombre il faut d’abord encadrer ceux qui existent déjà afin d’améliorer leur performance dans le travail. Une certaine négligence dans la complétude des fiches individuelles des cas était relevée notamment le non enregistrement systématique des villages d’origine ainsi que la mesure du périmètre Brachial des enfants.
Il y a une certaine adéquation entre les tendances des admissions et le calendrier saisonnier. Ce qui signifierait que le programme répond d’une manière ou d’une autre aux besoins mais cela est prendre avec réserve parce qu’étant donné que l’hypothèse de la distance et l’inaccessibilité font partie des barrières majeures au programme il y a lieu de penser que ces tendances d’admissions ne traduiraient pas la réalité.
L’amélioration de la sensibilisation communautaire à travers une augmentation du nombre des relais communautaires ainsi que la mise en oeuvre de la stratégie de cliniques mobiles surtout dans les zones non fonctionnelles constituent pour le moment des solutions incontournables pour l’amélioration de la couverture nutritionnelle dans le district d’Iriba.
","","French" "23389","Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS)","English","Community/sub-national","","NIC","Nicaragua","nicaragua","","completed","","01-1970","The Red de Protección Social Programme (RPS) ran from 2000–2005. It was a small-scale CCT programme. Both geographical and household targeting was used for implementation in departments and municipalities with high rates of extreme poverty.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of RPS is retrieved from the ENA Part II where RPS I is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Total funding was US$ 38 million.RPS participants received a nutrition/food security transfer equivalent to US$ 18/month","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Inter American Development Bank","Government of Nicaragua ","Government","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","The World Bank","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23388","","Conditional cash transfer","","","","Infants and young children|Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)","Children below 5 years","","Community-based","","RPS participants received a nutrition/food security transfer equivalent to US$ 18/month upon confirmation that conditions were met. The transfer was equivalent to approximately 18% average monthly household expenditure. Conditions for receipt of the transfer included: monthly growth monitoring for children less than 24 months (every other month for children ages 2–5 years), participation in nutrition and health education sessions on topics such as breastfeeding, hygiene and feeding practices, regular vaccinations for children, and routine care for pregnant women. Antiparasitic medications and iron supplements were also provided.
","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","","","165 000 persons (approximately 3 % of the population)","","","An increase in HAZ of 0.17 was reported for beneficiary children and stunting decreased in RPS versus control groups by 5.5 ppt. A significant change in underweight was also reported; it decreased in RPS areas (13.7% to 9.8%) while it increased in control areas (14.3% to 16.6%). ","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23389","Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS)","English","Community/sub-national","","NIC","Nicaragua","nicaragua","","completed","","01-1970","The Red de Protección Social Programme (RPS) ran from 2000–2005. It was a small-scale CCT programme. Both geographical and household targeting was used for implementation in departments and municipalities with high rates of extreme poverty.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of RPS is retrieved from the ENA Part II where RPS I is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Total funding was US$ 38 million.RPS participants received a nutrition/food security transfer equivalent to US$ 18/month","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Inter American Development Bank","Government of Nicaragua ","Government","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","The World Bank","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23390","","Growth monitoring and promotion","","","","Infants and young children|Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)","Children below 5 years","","Community-based","","Monthly growth monitoring for children less than 24 months (every other month for children ages 2–5 years)
","","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","","165 000 persons (approximately 3 % of the population)","","","An increase in HAZ of 0.17 was reported for beneficiary children and stunting decreased in RPS versus control groups by 5.5 ppt. A significant change in underweight was also reported; it decreased in RPS areas (13.7% to 9.8%) while it increased in control areas (14.3% to 16.6%).","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23389","Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS)","English","Community/sub-national","","NIC","Nicaragua","nicaragua","","completed","","01-1970","The Red de Protección Social Programme (RPS) ran from 2000–2005. It was a small-scale CCT programme. Both geographical and household targeting was used for implementation in departments and municipalities with high rates of extreme poverty.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of RPS is retrieved from the ENA Part II where RPS I is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Total funding was US$ 38 million.RPS participants received a nutrition/food security transfer equivalent to US$ 18/month","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Inter American Development Bank","Government of Nicaragua ","Government","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","The World Bank","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23391","","Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling","","","","Lactating women (LW)|Pregnant women (PW)","Mothers of children under two","","Community-based","","Participation in nutrition and health education on breastfeeding in order to receive ransfer
","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","","","165 000 persons (approximately 3 % of the population)","","","An increase in HAZ of 0.17 was reported for beneficiary children and stunting decreased in RPS versus control groups by 5.5 ppt. A significant change in underweight was also reported; it decreased in RPS areas (13.7% to 9.8%) while it increased in control areas (14.3% to 16.6%).","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23389","Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS)","English","Community/sub-national","","NIC","Nicaragua","nicaragua","","completed","","01-1970","The Red de Protección Social Programme (RPS) ran from 2000–2005. It was a small-scale CCT programme. Both geographical and household targeting was used for implementation in departments and municipalities with high rates of extreme poverty.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of RPS is retrieved from the ENA Part II where RPS I is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Total funding was US$ 38 million.RPS participants received a nutrition/food security transfer equivalent to US$ 18/month","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Inter American Development Bank","Government of Nicaragua ","Government","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","The World Bank","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23392","","Complementary feeding promotion and/or counselling","","","","Infants and young children","Mothers of children under two years of age","","Community-based","","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","","","165 000 persons (approximately 3 % of the population)","","","An increase in HAZ of 0.17 was reported for beneficiary children and stunting decreased in RPS versus control groups by 5.5 ppt. A significant change in underweight was also reported; it decreased in RPS areas (13.7% to 9.8%) while it increased in control areas (14.3% to 16.6%). ","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23389","Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS)","English","Community/sub-national","","NIC","Nicaragua","nicaragua","","completed","","01-1970","The Red de Protección Social Programme (RPS) ran from 2000–2005. It was a small-scale CCT programme. Both geographical and household targeting was used for implementation in departments and municipalities with high rates of extreme poverty.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of RPS is retrieved from the ENA Part II where RPS I is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Total funding was US$ 38 million.RPS participants received a nutrition/food security transfer equivalent to US$ 18/month","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Inter American Development Bank","Government of Nicaragua ","Government","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","The World Bank","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23393","","Promotion of improved hygiene practices including handwashing","","","","Women of reproductive age (WRA)","","","Community-based","","The Red de Protección Social Programme (RPS) ran from 2000–2005. It was a small-scale CCT programme. Both geographical and household targeting was used for implementation in departments and municipalities with high rates of extreme poverty.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of RPS is retrieved from the ENA Part II where RPS I is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Total funding was US$ 38 million.RPS participants received a nutrition/food security transfer equivalent to US$ 18/month","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Inter American Development Bank","Government of Nicaragua ","Government","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","The World Bank","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23394","","Iron supplementation","","Iron","","Infants and young children|Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)","Children below 5 years","","Community-based","","","","","","165 000 persons (approximately 3 % of the population)","","","","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23389","Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS)","English","Community/sub-national","","NIC","Nicaragua","nicaragua","","completed","","01-1970","The Red de Protección Social Programme (RPS) ran from 2000–2005. It was a small-scale CCT programme. Both geographical and household targeting was used for implementation in departments and municipalities with high rates of extreme poverty.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of RPS is retrieved from the ENA Part II where RPS I is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Total funding was US$ 38 million.RPS participants received a nutrition/food security transfer equivalent to US$ 18/month","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Inter American Development Bank","Government of Nicaragua ","Government","","","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","The World Bank","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","23395","","Nutrition education and counselling","","","","Women of reproductive age (WRA)","Mothers of children under five years of age","","Community-based","","Participation in nutrition and health education sessions in order to receive conditional cash transfer
","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","","","165 000 persons (approximately 3 % of the population)","","","An increase in HAZ of 0.17 was reported for beneficiary children and stunting decreased in RPS versus control groups by 5.5 ppt. A significant change in underweight was also reported; it decreased in RPS areas (13.7% to 9.8%) while it increased in control areas (14.3% to 16.6%). ","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English"