"programme_id","programme_title","programme_language","programme_type","other_program","iso3code","country_name","program_location","area","status","start_date","end_date","brief_description","references","related_policy","new_policy","partner_gov","partner_government_details","partner_un","partner_un_details","partner_ngo","partner_ngo_details","partner_donors","partner_donors_details","partner_intergov","partner_intgov_details","partner_national_ngo","partner_nat_ngo_details","partner_research","partner_research_details","partner_private","partner_private_details","partner_other","partner_other_details","cost","fsector_0","fpartner_0","fdetails_0","fsector_1","fpartner_1","fdetails_1","fsector_2","fpartner_2","fdetails_2","fsector_3","fpartner_3","fdetails_3","fsector_4","fpartner_4","fdetails_4","fsector_5","fpartner_5","fdetails_5","fsector_6","fpartner_6","fdetails_6","fsector_7","fpartner_7","fdetails_7","fsector_8","fpartner_8","fdetails_8","fsector_9","fpartner_9","fdetails_9","fsector_10","fpartner_10","fdetails_10","fsector_11","fpartner_11","fdetails_11","fsector_12","fpartner_12","fdetails_12","fsector_13","fpartner_13","fdetails_13","fsector_14","fpartner_14","fdetails_14","fsector_15","fpartner_15","fdetails_15","fsector_16","fpartner_16","fdetails_16","fsector_17","fpartner_17","fdetails_17","fsector_18","fpartner_18","fdetails_18","fsector_19","fpartner_19","fdetails_19","fsector_20","fpartner_20","fdetails_20","fsector_21","fpartner_21","fdetails_21","fsector_22","fpartner_22","fdetails_22","fsector_23","fpartner_23","fdetails_23","fsector_24","fpartner_24","fdetails_24","fsector_25","fpartner_25","fdetails_25","fsector_26","fpartner_26","fdetails_26","fsector_27","fpartner_27","fdetails_27","fsector_28","fpartner_28","fdetails_28","fsector_29","fpartner_29","fdetails_29","fsector_30","fpartner_30","fdetails_30","fsector_31","fpartner_31","fdetails_31","fsector_32","fpartner_32","fdetails_32","fsector_33","fpartner_33","fdetails_33","fsector_34","fpartner_34","fdetails_34","fsector_35","fpartner_35","fdetails_35","fsector_36","fpartner_36","fdetails_36","fsector_37","fpartner_37","fdetails_37","fsector_38","fpartner_38","fdetails_38","fsector_39","fpartner_39","fdetails_39","fsector_40","fpartner_40","fdetails_40","fsector_41","fpartner_41","fdetails_41","fsector_42","fpartner_42","fdetails_42","fsector_43","fpartner_43","fdetails_43","fsector_44","fpartner_44","fdetails_44","fsector_45","fpartner_45","fdetails_45","fsector_46","fpartner_46","fdetails_46","fsector_47","fpartner_47","fdetails_47","fsector_48","fpartner_48","fdetails_48","fsector_49","fpartner_49","fdetails_49","action_id","theme","topic","new_topic","micronutrient","micronutrient_compound","target_group","age_group","place","delivery","other_delivery","dose_frequency","impact_indicators","me_system","target_pop","coverage_percent","coverage_type","baseline","post_intervention","social_det","social_other","elena_link","problem_0","solution_0","problem_1","solution_1","problem_2","solution_2","problem_3","solution_3","problem_4","solution_4","problem_5","solution_5","problem_6","solution_6","problem_7","solution_7","problem_8","solution_8","problem_9","solution_9","other_problems","other_lessons","personal_story","language" "6034","Desnutrición Cero","English","National","","BOL","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","06-2007","","
The Multi-sectoral Zero Malnutrition Programme focuses on children under the age of five, with a particular emphasis on children under two years of age, and, in its activities, it assigns priority to working with municipalities with a high degree of vulnerability to food insecurity. The program is a multi-sectoral effort and one of the most important challenges facing the current administration.
Bolivia has a population of 10 million people.
","http://www.imtf.org/blog/2008/06/12/bolivia-zero-malnutrition; http://webapps01.un.org/nvp/indpolicy.action?id=1262 http://www.sns.gob.bo/aplicacionesweb/pmdc1/index.php
","","","","","","","","","Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID)","","","","","","","","","","","","65.157.257(2007-2011)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Other","Belgium| Canada| France","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","6033","","Complementary feeding promotion and/or counselling","promoting better nutritional and health habits in women and children under age 5","","","Infants and young children","adults and children under age of 5","La Paz","Community-based","","Strengthened local participation through social networks promoting better nutritional and health habits in women and children under age 5, with an inter-cultural approach
","Infants under age 1 receive exclusive breastfeeding until at least 6 months old.- Children between 6 and 9 months have started complementary nourishment once 6 months old.- Families with infants between 6 and 23 months can properly identify at least 4 dangerous symptoms in order to seek help- Municipalities implementing the PDC with social organizations’ participation under a shared management (with the involvement of local and regional authorities)
","In process
","missing","missing","","chronic malnutrition prevalence in 3-48 months old children and anemia prevalence in 6 -48 months old children","","None","","Complementary feeding>>>Complementary feeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","There was created a software to register all the children, in order to have a better follow up and data-collection. (soaps)
","","English" "6034","Desnutrición Cero","English","National","","BOL","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","06-2007","","The Multi-sectoral Zero Malnutrition Programme focuses on children under the age of five, with a particular emphasis on children under two years of age, and, in its activities, it assigns priority to working with municipalities with a high degree of vulnerability to food insecurity. The program is a multi-sectoral effort and one of the most important challenges facing the current administration.
Bolivia has a population of 10 million people.
","http://www.imtf.org/blog/2008/06/12/bolivia-zero-malnutrition; http://webapps01.un.org/nvp/indpolicy.action?id=1262 http://www.sns.gob.bo/aplicacionesweb/pmdc1/index.php
","","","","","","","","","Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID)","","","","","","","","","","","","65.157.257(2007-2011)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Other","Belgium| Canada| France","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","6035","Acute malnutrition","Food distribution/supplementation for prevention of acute malnutrition","","","","","Children under 5 years old and pregnant woman","La Paz","Primary health care center","","Reduced micro nutrient deficiency in target population after applying supplementation strategies, fortification and complementary food.
","- Children under age 5 maintaining levels ofserum retinol (Vit A) above 20 mg/dl.- Children under age 5 maintaining normal levels of Haemoglobin (Hb)- Dairy products selected by the Program arefortified pursuant to the national regulation.- Women with malnutrition
","in process for the report of this year.
","","","","nutritional practices, complementary nourishment and micronutrient supplementation","","None","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","Staff retention","A solution to the staff retention were a lot of Vacancies at different levels.","Supplies","To get more supply support in the municipalities, they got support in their management by law (f.e. decreto supremo).","Financial resources","To get more financial support in the municipalities, they got support in their management by law (f.e. decreto supremo)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "6034","Desnutrición Cero","English","National","","BOL","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","06-2007","","The Multi-sectoral Zero Malnutrition Programme focuses on children under the age of five, with a particular emphasis on children under two years of age, and, in its activities, it assigns priority to working with municipalities with a high degree of vulnerability to food insecurity. The program is a multi-sectoral effort and one of the most important challenges facing the current administration.
Bolivia has a population of 10 million people.
","http://www.imtf.org/blog/2008/06/12/bolivia-zero-malnutrition; http://webapps01.un.org/nvp/indpolicy.action?id=1262 http://www.sns.gob.bo/aplicacionesweb/pmdc1/index.php
","","","","","","","","","Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID)","","","","","","","","","","","","65.157.257(2007-2011)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Other","Belgium| Canada| France","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","6036","Maternal, infant and young child nutrition","Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)","Strengthened management capacity at the national and departmental health services network","","","Adult men and women","all","La Paz","Primary health care center|Other","structural level - departemental and municipal governments","Strengthened management capacity at the national and departmental health services network to provide comprehensive nutritional care including prevention of prevalent illnesses in women, newborns, and children under 5
","Prioritized municipalities have Comprehensive Nutrition Units (CNU/UNI) and comply with quality standards.- First-level health facilities provide comprehensive care to children under age 5 according to IMCI-Nut standard.- Children under age 2 with diagnosis of low tall receive Zinc.- Mother-Child hospitals complying with the Mother and Child Friend Hospitals Initiative 11 steps.- Lethality in Children under age 5 with severe acute malnutrition attended in reference hospitals.
","in process for the report of this year.
","","","","","","None","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "6034","Desnutrición Cero","English","National","","BOL","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","06-2007","","The Multi-sectoral Zero Malnutrition Programme focuses on children under the age of five, with a particular emphasis on children under two years of age, and, in its activities, it assigns priority to working with municipalities with a high degree of vulnerability to food insecurity. The program is a multi-sectoral effort and one of the most important challenges facing the current administration.
Bolivia has a population of 10 million people.
","http://www.imtf.org/blog/2008/06/12/bolivia-zero-malnutrition; http://webapps01.un.org/nvp/indpolicy.action?id=1262 http://www.sns.gob.bo/aplicacionesweb/pmdc1/index.php
","","","","","","","","","Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID)","","","","","","","","","","","","65.157.257(2007-2011)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Other","Belgium| Canada| France","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","6037","","Nutritional surveillance system","","","","All population groups","","","Community-based","","Strengthened nutritional surveillance capacity at national, departmental, health facilities network and community level","Sentinel municipalities submit information regarding acute and chronic malnutrition to the National Health Information System.- (Municipalities providing acute and chronic malnutrition information according to Program regulations.- Prioritized municipalities submit community nutritional surveillance information to the NHIS/SNIS.","in process for the report of this year.","","","","","","None","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "8816","Developing Village-based Advisors to improve food Security ","English","National","","KEN","Kenya","Siaya, Kenya|Busia, Kenya|Embu, Kenya|Kitui, Kenya|Machakos, Kenya|Makueni, Kenya","Rural","on-going","01-2012","01-2017","The Village-based Advisors Food Security project is improving productivity by promoting good farming practices among smallholder farmers, with the larger goal of increasing their food security and resilience to environmental shocks. The project identifies keen, hard-working farmers at the village level and develops them into モagro-entrepreneursヤ, called Village-based Advisors who provide inputs (such as improved seed), services (such as livestock vaccination) and advice on good farming practices to their community. These micro-businesses offer the double benefit of creating rural employment opportunities and building a sustainable system for delivering agricultural technologies.
The project is part of the U.S. Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative, also known as モFeed the Futureヤ, which seeks to address the root causes of hunger and poverty and create conditions where food assistance is no longer necessary. ᅠ
","http://kenya.usaid.gov/programs/economic-growth/1272
","","","Other","Farm Input Promotions Africa (FIPS-Africa)","","","","","US Agency for International Development (USAID)","U.S. Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative, also known as モFeed the Futureヤ","","","","","","","","","","","USD 2,000,000.00","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","US Agency for International Development (USAID)","The project is working to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on Kenyaメs smallholder farmers by increasing their use of improved varieties of crops and inputs like fertilizer; building their understanding of and ability to implement good soil and water management techniques, and providing better access to poultry vaccination.
The model relies on the use of モVillage-based Advisorsヤ (VBAs) who earn an income through the provision of improved inputs, advice and services to their fellow farmers. Unlike traditional group-based approaches, VBAs have a target to work with every farmer in their community, meaning thousands of farmers can be reached quickly and cost-effectively. The project builds on the entrepreneurialism and community spirit common among smallholder farmers.
FIPS-Africa is a pioneer of the ムsmall packメ approach ヨ where inputs such as seed are distributed to farmers in small quantities. This allows farmers to experiment on their own farm at a low cost and with minimal risk. Farmers are more likely to adopt if they have seen something work first.
","xx
","By June 2012, the project had trained over 100 VBAs who distributed over 34,000 small packs of seed of improved varieties of key staple crops to farmers and established nearly 4,000 multiplication sites for drought tolerant root tuber crops.","ByMarch 2013, the following additional achievements are expected: 1,800 demonstration plots for improved soil and water management or seed priming established 9,000 households growing improved varieties of root tuber crops; 56,000 more small p","Period","Local food production and consumption levelsFood import and export ratesRates of undernutitionRates of people living &lt; $1/day","Local food production and consumption levelsFood import and export ratesRates of undernutitionRates of people living < $1/day","Socio-economic status","","","Staff skills/training","","Infrastructure","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","The long drought of 2009 hit both people and ecosystems hard, putting millions of Kenyans on food relief and killing large numbers of animals. However, this environmental stress also dramatically highlighted the payoffs of improved natural-resource management. Over 750,000 hectares of semi-arid woodland and rangeland - brought under improved management thanks to USAID and partners - showed no decline in ecological condition despite the drought. The condition of some areas even improved
","Dorcas Nyangasi of Emuhaya is 22-years-old and successfully self-employed. Like many young people in rural areas, Dorcas had trouble finding work when she finished school: モMy mother thought I was depressed because they could not afford my college, or lonely because most of my friends were leaving the village. But the real reason was that I needed something to do.ヤ
Dorcasメs life was transformed when Farm Input Promotions-Africa (FIPS-Africa) trained her to be a Village-based Advisor (VBA), providing agricultural inputs, services and advice on good farming practices to smallholder farmers in her village. ᅠAs well as distributing seed, Dorcas sells vegetable and tree seedlings from her nurseries and vaccinates poultry against Newcastle disease, which used to devastate local flocks. ᅠAfter two-and-a-half years of being her own boss, Dorcas has more than 2,000 farmers buying her inputs and services. She explains, モwithin the first four months I noticed that I could make more money when I approached more farmers, so I expanded my operations to three more villages.ヤ
Dorcasメ hard work is not only improving her own livelihood ヨ it helps the other farmers in her community too. モI am happy because I have helped my village rise above the problem of hunger, there is poultry in abundance, and we have surplus sweet potatoes and cassava to sell,ヤ she says.
","English" "8891","Double Burden of Malnutrition: Hub in West Africa","English","Multi-national","","BEN|BFA|MLI","Benin|Burkina Faso|Mali","Benin|Burkina Faso|Mali","Urban","on-going","01-2008","01-2014","The 6-year partnership project (2008-2014) involves TRANSNUT, WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Developement, academic and research institutions from Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali, Helen Keller International, an international NGO, and WHO as special collaborator. The purpose of the project is to strengthen capacity of partner countries to address the double burden of the coexistence of undernutrition and nutrition-related chronic diseases.The strategy includes: 1) Workforce training in nutrition with two new regional university programs in Benin, a Master's and an undetrgraduate professional program (licence), as well as continuous intensive courses on Nutrition Transition and Chronic Diseases, and Community Management of acute malnutrition; 2) Action research in communities (Benin) and schools (Benin and Burkina Faso), and other studies on the nutrition transition and the double burden of malnutrition; 3) Communication for the public with development of a food guide for Benin, and the development of advocacy tools for policy and programs focusing on diabetes.
","Website: www.poleDFN.org
Publications:
Delisle H. Findings on dietary patterns in different groups of African origin undergoing nutrition transition. Applied Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35: 224-8.
Daboné C, Receveur O, Delisle H. Poor nutritional status of schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou. Nutrition Journal 2011; Apr 19;10:34.
Delisle H, Ntandou G, Agueh V, Sodjinou R, Fayomi B. Urbanisation, nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk: the Benin Study. Brit J Nutr 2011; 107: 1534-44 (doi:10.1017/S0007114511004661)
Sossa J, Delisle H, Agueh V, Makoutodé M, Fayomi B. Four-year trends in cardiometabolic risk factors according to baseline abdominal obesity status in West-African adults: The Benin Study. J Obesity 2012 doi: 10.1155/2012/740854
Zeba A, Delisle H, Renier G, Savadogo B, Banza B. The double burden of malnutrition and cardio-metabolic risk widens the gender and socioeconomic health gap: a study among adults in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Public Health Nutr 2012; 15: 2210-9
Zeba A, Delisle H, Rossier C, Renier G. Association of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with cardio-metabolic risk factors and micronutrient deficiencies in adults of Ouagadougou; Burkina Faso. Brit J Nutr (Accepted)
Delisle H, Agueh V, Fayomi B. Partnership research on nutrition transition and chronic diseases in West Africa – trends, outcomes and impacts. BMC International Health & Human Rights 2011; 11 (suppl 2): S10 http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinthealthhumrights/supplements/11/S2
Delisle H, Agueh V, Fayomi B. Recherche en partenariat sur la transition nutritionnelle et les maladies chroniques en Afrique de l’ouest – évolution, résultats et retombées. CRDI, 2011. Disponible à : http://www.crdi.ca/irsm10etudesdecas
Delisle H, Receveur O, Agueh V, Nishida C. Pilot-testing of the Nutrition-Friendly School Initiative in West Africa in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Cotonou (Benin). Global Health Promotion (in press)
Sossa C, Delisle H, Agueh V, Makoutodé M, Fayomi B. Insulin resistance status and four-year changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors in West-African adults: The Benin Study. (NMCD, in press)
Daboné C, Delisle H, Receveur O. Cardiometabolic risk factors and associated features in 5th grade school children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int J Child Health Nut 2012 (In press)
Daboné C, Delisle H, Receveur O. Predisposing, facilitating and reinforcing factors of healthy and unhealthy food consumption in schoolchildren. A study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (West Africa). Global Health Promotion 2012 (in press)
Delisle H. Empowering our profession in Africa. World Nutrition 2012; 3: 269-84: http://www.wphna.org/2012_may_hp6_this_month.htm
","8811|8621|8622|8554","","","","","","Helen Keller International (HKI)","Particularly in Burkina Faso","","","","","National NGOs","Mali: Santé-Diabète (French NGO)","Research/academia","Benin: Regional Public Health Institute (IRSP); Faculty of Health Sciences, Abomey-Calavi University; Appiled Biomedical Science Institute (ISBA); Burkina Faso: Research Institute on Health Sciences (IRSS); Ouagadougou University (Medicine; CRSBAN); Mali: University of Bamako and university hospital; University of Montreal, Canada, TRANSNUT, Department of Nutrition","","","","","Total: ~5 million CAD, including 3 million CAD provided by Canadian International Development Agency","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","University of Montreal contributes ~1.3 million CAD and African partner institution, ~700.000CAD","Research/academia","Research/academia","NFSI implemented on a pilot basis in primary schools of Cotonou (n=6) and in Ouagadougou (n=6). In Ouagadougou, quasi-experimental approach, with 6 matched control schools. Baseline study conducted on nutritional status of pupils (nearly 900), and hygiene and eating practices. Implementation with Nutrition & Health Committees in schoolds. DFN project trained in nutrition education and surveillance (using anthropometry). Other activities elected by individual schools.
","Nutritional status of pupils after 3 years of NFSI implementation, and their hygiene and eating practices.
","","Undefined","Undefined","","Baseline study in Ouagadougou in 2009","Due in 2013
","Sex","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "8891","Double Burden of Malnutrition: Hub in West Africa","English","Multi-national","","BEN|BFA|MLI","Benin|Burkina Faso|Mali","Benin|Burkina Faso|Mali","Urban","on-going","01-2008","01-2014","The 6-year partnership project (2008-2014) involves TRANSNUT, WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Developement, academic and research institutions from Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali, Helen Keller International, an international NGO, and WHO as special collaborator. The purpose of the project is to strengthen capacity of partner countries to address the double burden of the coexistence of undernutrition and nutrition-related chronic diseases.The strategy includes: 1) Workforce training in nutrition with two new regional university programs in Benin, a Master's and an undetrgraduate professional program (licence), as well as continuous intensive courses on Nutrition Transition and Chronic Diseases, and Community Management of acute malnutrition; 2) Action research in communities (Benin) and schools (Benin and Burkina Faso), and other studies on the nutrition transition and the double burden of malnutrition; 3) Communication for the public with development of a food guide for Benin, and the development of advocacy tools for policy and programs focusing on diabetes.
","Website: www.poleDFN.org
Publications:
Delisle H. Findings on dietary patterns in different groups of African origin undergoing nutrition transition. Applied Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35: 224-8.
Daboné C, Receveur O, Delisle H. Poor nutritional status of schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou. Nutrition Journal 2011; Apr 19;10:34.
Delisle H, Ntandou G, Agueh V, Sodjinou R, Fayomi B. Urbanisation, nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk: the Benin Study. Brit J Nutr 2011; 107: 1534-44 (doi:10.1017/S0007114511004661)
Sossa J, Delisle H, Agueh V, Makoutodé M, Fayomi B. Four-year trends in cardiometabolic risk factors according to baseline abdominal obesity status in West-African adults: The Benin Study. J Obesity 2012 doi: 10.1155/2012/740854
Zeba A, Delisle H, Renier G, Savadogo B, Banza B. The double burden of malnutrition and cardio-metabolic risk widens the gender and socioeconomic health gap: a study among adults in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Public Health Nutr 2012; 15: 2210-9
Zeba A, Delisle H, Rossier C, Renier G. Association of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with cardio-metabolic risk factors and micronutrient deficiencies in adults of Ouagadougou; Burkina Faso. Brit J Nutr (Accepted)
Delisle H, Agueh V, Fayomi B. Partnership research on nutrition transition and chronic diseases in West Africa – trends, outcomes and impacts. BMC International Health & Human Rights 2011; 11 (suppl 2): S10 http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinthealthhumrights/supplements/11/S2
Delisle H, Agueh V, Fayomi B. Recherche en partenariat sur la transition nutritionnelle et les maladies chroniques en Afrique de l’ouest – évolution, résultats et retombées. CRDI, 2011. Disponible à : http://www.crdi.ca/irsm10etudesdecas
Delisle H, Receveur O, Agueh V, Nishida C. Pilot-testing of the Nutrition-Friendly School Initiative in West Africa in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Cotonou (Benin). Global Health Promotion (in press)
Sossa C, Delisle H, Agueh V, Makoutodé M, Fayomi B. Insulin resistance status and four-year changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors in West-African adults: The Benin Study. (NMCD, in press)
Daboné C, Delisle H, Receveur O. Cardiometabolic risk factors and associated features in 5th grade school children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int J Child Health Nut 2012 (In press)
Daboné C, Delisle H, Receveur O. Predisposing, facilitating and reinforcing factors of healthy and unhealthy food consumption in schoolchildren. A study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (West Africa). Global Health Promotion 2012 (in press)
Delisle H. Empowering our profession in Africa. World Nutrition 2012; 3: 269-84: http://www.wphna.org/2012_may_hp6_this_month.htm
","8811|8621|8622|8554","","","","","","Helen Keller International (HKI)","Particularly in Burkina Faso","","","","","National NGOs","Mali: Santé-Diabète (French NGO)","Research/academia","Benin: Regional Public Health Institute (IRSP); Faculty of Health Sciences, Abomey-Calavi University; Appiled Biomedical Science Institute (ISBA); Burkina Faso: Research Institute on Health Sciences (IRSS); Ouagadougou University (Medicine; CRSBAN); Mali: University of Bamako and university hospital; University of Montreal, Canada, TRANSNUT, Department of Nutrition","","","","","Total: ~5 million CAD, including 3 million CAD provided by Canadian International Development Agency","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","University of Montreal contributes ~1.3 million CAD and African partner institution, ~700.000CAD","Research/academia","Research/academia","The Master's program in Public Health Nutrition started at the Regional Institute of Public Health in 2009 and a first cohort of 10 graduates finished in 2011. A new cohort of 10 students started in October 2012. Regarding the 3-year undergraduate professional program in Nutrition and Dietetics, the 3-year program is offered at the Faculty of Health Studies School of Nutrition since 2010. A first cohort of 20 will get their degree (licence) in July 2013.
","Number, sex, and position of graduates
","","N/A","N/A","","","","Sex","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "8891","Double Burden of Malnutrition: Hub in West Africa","English","Multi-national","","BEN|BFA|MLI","Benin|Burkina Faso|Mali","Benin|Burkina Faso|Mali","Urban","on-going","01-2008","01-2014","The 6-year partnership project (2008-2014) involves TRANSNUT, WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Developement, academic and research institutions from Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali, Helen Keller International, an international NGO, and WHO as special collaborator. The purpose of the project is to strengthen capacity of partner countries to address the double burden of the coexistence of undernutrition and nutrition-related chronic diseases.The strategy includes: 1) Workforce training in nutrition with two new regional university programs in Benin, a Master's and an undetrgraduate professional program (licence), as well as continuous intensive courses on Nutrition Transition and Chronic Diseases, and Community Management of acute malnutrition; 2) Action research in communities (Benin) and schools (Benin and Burkina Faso), and other studies on the nutrition transition and the double burden of malnutrition; 3) Communication for the public with development of a food guide for Benin, and the development of advocacy tools for policy and programs focusing on diabetes.
","Website: www.poleDFN.org
Publications:
Delisle H. Findings on dietary patterns in different groups of African origin undergoing nutrition transition. Applied Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35: 224-8.
Daboné C, Receveur O, Delisle H. Poor nutritional status of schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou. Nutrition Journal 2011; Apr 19;10:34.
Delisle H, Ntandou G, Agueh V, Sodjinou R, Fayomi B. Urbanisation, nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk: the Benin Study. Brit J Nutr 2011; 107: 1534-44 (doi:10.1017/S0007114511004661)
Sossa J, Delisle H, Agueh V, Makoutodé M, Fayomi B. Four-year trends in cardiometabolic risk factors according to baseline abdominal obesity status in West-African adults: The Benin Study. J Obesity 2012 doi: 10.1155/2012/740854
Zeba A, Delisle H, Renier G, Savadogo B, Banza B. The double burden of malnutrition and cardio-metabolic risk widens the gender and socioeconomic health gap: a study among adults in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Public Health Nutr 2012; 15: 2210-9
Zeba A, Delisle H, Rossier C, Renier G. Association of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with cardio-metabolic risk factors and micronutrient deficiencies in adults of Ouagadougou; Burkina Faso. Brit J Nutr (Accepted)
Delisle H, Agueh V, Fayomi B. Partnership research on nutrition transition and chronic diseases in West Africa – trends, outcomes and impacts. BMC International Health & Human Rights 2011; 11 (suppl 2): S10 http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinthealthhumrights/supplements/11/S2
Delisle H, Agueh V, Fayomi B. Recherche en partenariat sur la transition nutritionnelle et les maladies chroniques en Afrique de l’ouest – évolution, résultats et retombées. CRDI, 2011. Disponible à : http://www.crdi.ca/irsm10etudesdecas
Delisle H, Receveur O, Agueh V, Nishida C. Pilot-testing of the Nutrition-Friendly School Initiative in West Africa in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Cotonou (Benin). Global Health Promotion (in press)
Sossa C, Delisle H, Agueh V, Makoutodé M, Fayomi B. Insulin resistance status and four-year changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors in West-African adults: The Benin Study. (NMCD, in press)
Daboné C, Delisle H, Receveur O. Cardiometabolic risk factors and associated features in 5th grade school children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int J Child Health Nut 2012 (In press)
Daboné C, Delisle H, Receveur O. Predisposing, facilitating and reinforcing factors of healthy and unhealthy food consumption in schoolchildren. A study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (West Africa). Global Health Promotion 2012 (in press)
Delisle H. Empowering our profession in Africa. World Nutrition 2012; 3: 269-84: http://www.wphna.org/2012_may_hp6_this_month.htm
","8811|8621|8622|8554","","","","","","Helen Keller International (HKI)","Particularly in Burkina Faso","","","","","National NGOs","Mali: Santé-Diabète (French NGO)","Research/academia","Benin: Regional Public Health Institute (IRSP); Faculty of Health Sciences, Abomey-Calavi University; Appiled Biomedical Science Institute (ISBA); Burkina Faso: Research Institute on Health Sciences (IRSS); Ouagadougou University (Medicine; CRSBAN); Mali: University of Bamako and university hospital; University of Montreal, Canada, TRANSNUT, Department of Nutrition","","","","","Total: ~5 million CAD, including 3 million CAD provided by Canadian International Development Agency","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","University of Montreal contributes ~1.3 million CAD and African partner institution, ~700.000CAD","Research/academia","Research/academia","Food-based dietary guidelines, including an illustrated food guide, is being developed in Benin with partner institutions. The urban population in particular is targeted. These nutrition communication tools were based on WHO/FAO recommendations and on recent dietary intake studies in the southern part of Benin.
","Formal acceptation of dietary guidelines by authorities of Benin
","","Approximately 3 million people (urban and peri-urban population of southern Benin)","Undetermined","","","","None","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11451","Food Security and Environment Facility","English","Community/sub-national","","GHA","Ghana","Zuarungu, Bolgatanga,Ghana | Baayiri, Wa, Ghana | Jekeyirili, Tamale, Ghana","Rural","on-going","01-2008","01-2016","This project supports Ghana's efforts to achieve food security through environmentally sound agricultural initiatives in the country's three northern (and poorest) regions. It provides funding for local initiatives developed by Ghanaian non-governmental organizations and the private sector in collaboration with Canadian and international organizations.
This project is expected to:
http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/ACDI-CIDA.nsf/eng/CAR-822151642-QLZ
","8109|8013","","Food and agriculture","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CA$ 15,000,000","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","11450","","Promotion of food security and agriculture","","","","Adult men and women","","3 northern (poorest) regions of Ghana","Community-based","","This project is expected to:
Results as of April 2012 include:
These activities are helping to improve food security in Ghana’s three poorest, northern regions, and to strengthen the capacity of Ghanaian organizations to support both women and men in practising sustainable agriculture.
","","4,020 farmers (1,300 women) as April 2012","The 3 northern (poorest) regions of Ghana","","Awareness farmers on environmentally sound agricultural practices.","Crop yields; new practices such as dry-season gardening in communities with highly degraded lands.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11536","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","TZA","United Republic of Tanzania"," Tanzania |Morogoro, Tanzania|Zanzibar, Tanzania|Dodoma, Tanzania|Manyara, Tanzania|Arusha, Tanzania|Kilimanjaro, Tanzania|Tanga, Tanzania|Coast, Tanzania|Dodoma, Tanzani|Iringa, Tanzania|Mbeya, Tanzani","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Tanzania, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 430,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
Feed the Future Tanzania also aims to:
To help meet its objectives Feed the Future Tanzania is making core investments in four key areas:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 1A: SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION THROUGH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING
The first set of core investments contribute to IRs 1-3, 5, 6, 7, and 8. These core investments play a role in systems transformation, with a primary focus on rice and targeted interventions in maize and horticulture as secondary value chains. The main objective is inclusive agriculture sector growth, which will be accomplished through increased agricultural productivity, expanded markets and trade, increased private sector investment in agriculture- and nutrition-related activities, and increased agricultural value chain on- and off-farm jobs. Investment in these value chains will improve availability and access to staple foods and improve nutrition. USG investments will facilitate the competitiveness of smallholders in rice, maize and horticulture.
NAFAKA – Staples Value Chain Development (Rice and Maize)
Description: This program will facilitate the competitiveness of the smallholder-based rice value chain, and balance these impacts on growth with broader efforts to reduce poverty through investments aimed at improving the competitiveness and productivity of the maize value chain. This includes support to the Morogoro and Arusha-based Agricultural Research Station and National Seed Laboratory. Specific activities will:
Market-Based Solutions to Reduce Poverty and Improve Nutrition
The purpose of this project is to strengthen the capabilities of the agro-processors operating in the FTF targeted geographic areas for the staple grains of rice and maize and a range of horticultural products to build sustainable enterprises and expand and diversify the production and marketing of nutritious processed foods. This will include an array of support to processors of different scales of operations, farmers, public sector institutions involved in food technology and safety, agribusinesses, and traders.
Sustainable Horticulture for Income and Food Security in Tanzania (SHIFT)
This sustainable agriculture program aims to increase demand by expanding market opportunities for smallholder horticultural producers and processors in domestic, regional and international markets, and will work with farmers to build supply by introducing sustainable agricultural practices, increasing productivity, and reducing postharvest losses. Activities will include farmer association capacity building, nutrition education, and developing market hubs. The geographic focus is in the southern regions, and falls within the SAGCOT.
Tanzania Agriculture Productivity Program (TAPP)
This program aims to increase smallholder farmer incomes through enhanced productivity and improved domestic and export marketing of agricultural products. This program provides business services to farmers and associations in six target zones in the northern regions (Arusha, Moshi/Hai, Lushoto, Morogoro, Coast and Zanzibar). The activities include management training, marketing tools, business lobbying skills, and technical assistance for developing and marketing policy reforms. In implementing these activities, the program focuses on strengthening producer associations and preparing them to graduate from TAPP support and sustain their activities. The program strengthens market linkages by expanding domestic and export market outgrower schemes.
NAFAKA – Staples Value Chain Development (Rice and Maize)
Market-Based Solutions to Reduce Poverty and Improve Nutrition
Sustainable Horticulture for Income and Food Security in Tanzania (SHIFT)
Tanzania Agriculture Productivity Program (TAPP)
Overview
A participatory approach, which calls for active participation of all stakeholders, will be used to monitor and evaluate (M&E) FTF Tanzania. The design of the M&E system will be based on the usefulness of the data and information which is collected and processed at the different levels and intervals of program implementation and operationalization. M&E for FTF will involve on-going monitoring of program activities in the participating districts, annual evaluations, annual review workshops, beneficiary assessments, mid-term review and terminal evaluation.
Evaluations will be carried out using an independent entity to assess annual program performance. In addition, FTF Tanzania will organize annual review workshops for the duration of the program to enable implementing partners to share information on program implementation performance. FTF will also draw lessons and experiences from these workshops that can be taken into account when planning activities for subsequent years of implementation.
A matrix for the selected FTF indicators is attached as Annex A. FTF Tanzania has received assistance from USAID‘s Bureau for Food Security to provide M&E technical assistance. A preliminary M&E plan has been developed for FTF Tanzania which will be completed in September 2011 once the FTF M&E implementing partner, The Mitchell Group (TMG), has arrived in Tanzania and is fully operational.
Performance Evaluations
Performance evaluations will be carried out for selected FTF Tanzania projects to ascertain the trends in achieving project results of the FTF interventions, to document the overall progress toward objectives, and to assess what is working and what is not and why. One evaluation will be done in project year one (PY 1), another in PY 3 and the last one in PY 5. A mid-term review is planned for the end of PY 2 to assess overall progress and impact of FTF implementation, to provide for corrective actions to enhance performance of FTF, and to provide recommendations for future program designs. These recommendations will be confirmed in the terminal evaluation to be carried out in PY 5.
Qualitative and participatory methods will be utilized for the performance evaluations. Evaluators will utilize methods such as observation, focus groups, key informant interviews, stakeholder interviews and rapid survey techniques to assess progress. These techniques often provide critical insights into beneficiaries‘ perspectives on the value of programs to them, the processes that may have affected outcomes, and a deeper interpretation of results observed. Specific targets for the indicators at the outcome and output levels will be developed once FTF Tanzania has carried out the baseline survey in the FTF target areas along with the preparation of Performance Monitoring Plans.
Impact Evaluation
In addition to performance evaluations, FTF Tanzania will design an impact evaluation to test a selected development hypothesis for FTF. Ideally the impact evaluation will utilize Experimental Methodology to design and conduct the impact evaluation. This methodology will incorporate a rigorously defined counterfactual and will utilize experimental design to test the development hypothesis. At a minimum, quasi-experimental methods will be utilized to test the selected hypothesis and to determine the attribution of FTF project impacts. The Impact Evaluation will be carried out under the guidance of TMG.
Program Monitoring
All programs receiving resources under FTF Tanzania will be expected to use rigorous M&E systems that will feed into the broader FTF and GOT M&E frameworks. To the extent possible, examples of participatory methodologies built into program implementation to engage program beneficiaries in knowledge sharing, learning, and potential behavior change opportunities will be encouraged. In addition to the standard reporting requirements, the M&E program will develop and undertake baseline and other survey/assessment work (e.g. household, facility, market) to contribute to the larger M&E framework under FTF. Selected programs will designate a full-time M&E Specialist to appropriately monitor progress and engage in reporting systems for FTF as they are developed. These M&E Specialists will work to ensure that program results are jointly monitored with the ASDP and contribute to their reporting systems. The M&E Specialists will participate in annual meetings that include all implementing partners for FTF Tanzania, the FTF working group, and GOT representatives from relevant ministries.
Baselines
Baseline surveys will be required for several of the indicators listed in the annex. During 2011, a comprehensive baseline survey will be carried out by the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics under the guidance of TMG. This baseline data will assist FTF Tanzania to set targets, monitor progress toward those targets and to initiate mid-course corrections for its programs and activities. The baseline will inform FTF Tanzania with data to determine whether or not selected activities are likely to achieve their targets.
Links to Government Monitoring Systems
The GOT will conduct rigorous M&E of their CAADP plan and supporting strategies such as the ASDP. To the extent possible, the FTF M&E framework is intended to utilize information that GOT already collects, especially at the national level. The M&E program will provide direct support to the GOT‘s National Bureau of Statistics. FTF investments in M&E will also be linked with the GOT monitoring mechanisms to build host country capacity and ability to analyze and report on results. A monitoring conceptual framework will set the stage for ensuring progress against targets, provide opportunities for learning, and employ participatory methods. Monitoring activities will support GOT analytical capacity building.
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Tanzania, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 430,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
Feed the Future Tanzania also aims to:
To help meet its objectives Feed the Future Tanzania is making core investments in four key areas:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 2: IMPROVING NUTRITION
Contributes to IR 4: Increased resilience of vulnerable communities and households, IR 5: Improved access to diverse and quality foods, IR 6: Improved nutrition-related behaviors and IR 7: Improved utilization of maternal and child health and nutrition services.
The second set of core investments will focus on scaling up the delivery of a comprehensive package of nutrition interventions in regions of the country with the highest rates of chronic undernutrition among children under five (also referred to as stunting) and maternal anemia. It will also focus on raising the problem of undernutrition as a key development challenge and policy issue for Tanzania to address in order to meet the objectives set forth in the CAADP and the MKUKUTA II/ MKUZA II.
Another key priority area for nutrition under FTF Tanzania will be to maximize opportunities for ―smart integration‖ with other USG investments under the Global Health Initiative. This will mean strengthening and building nutrition components into new and existing safety net, maternal and child health, HIV/AIDS, malaria and water/sanitation/hygiene programs in order to maximize synergies and leverages additional nutrition results in programs that may or may not have nutrition of children or pregnant women as a main focus of their work.
Flagship Nutrition Program
The USG has developed a new program under FTF and the Global Health Initiative designed to reduce rates of chronic undernutrition (stunting) among children under-five and maternal anemia among women of reproductive age. The program will cover the following:
Overview
A participatory approach, which calls for active participation of all stakeholders, will be used to monitor and evaluate (M&E) FTF Tanzania. The design of the M&E system will be based on the usefulness of the data and information which is collected and processed at the different levels and intervals of program implementation and operationalization. M&E for FTF will involve on-going monitoring of program activities in the participating districts, annual evaluations, annual review workshops, beneficiary assessments, mid-term review and terminal evaluation.
Evaluations will be carried out using an independent entity to assess annual program performance. In addition, FTF Tanzania will organize annual review workshops for the duration of the program to enable implementing partners to share information on program implementation performance. FTF will also draw lessons and experiences from these workshops that can be taken into account when planning activities for subsequent years of implementation.
A matrix for the selected FTF indicators is attached as Annex A. FTF Tanzania has received assistance from USAID‘s Bureau for Food Security to provide M&E technical assistance. A preliminary M&E plan has been developed for FTF Tanzania which will be completed in September 2011 once the FTF M&E implementing partner, The Mitchell Group (TMG), has arrived in Tanzania and is fully operational.
Performance Evaluations
Performance evaluations will be carried out for selected FTF Tanzania projects to ascertain the trends in achieving project results of the FTF interventions, to document the overall progress toward objectives, and to assess what is working and what is not and why. One evaluation will be done in project year one (PY 1), another in PY 3 and the last one in PY 5. A mid-term review is planned for the end of PY 2 to assess overall progress and impact of FTF implementation, to provide for corrective actions to enhance performance of FTF, and to provide recommendations for future program designs. These recommendations will be confirmed in the terminal evaluation to be carried out in PY 5.
Qualitative and participatory methods will be utilized for the performance evaluations. Evaluators will utilize methods such as observation, focus groups, key informant interviews, stakeholder interviews and rapid survey techniques to assess progress. These techniques often provide critical insights into beneficiaries‘ perspectives on the value of programs to them, the processes that may have affected outcomes, and a deeper interpretation of results observed. Specific targets for the indicators at the outcome and output levels will be developed once FTF Tanzania has carried out the baseline survey in the FTF target areas along with the preparation of Performance Monitoring Plans.
Impact Evaluation
In addition to performance evaluations, FTF Tanzania will design an impact evaluation to test a selected development hypothesis for FTF. Ideally the impact evaluation will utilize Experimental Methodology to design and conduct the impact evaluation. This methodology will incorporate a rigorously defined counterfactual and will utilize experimental design to test the development hypothesis. At a minimum, quasi-experimental methods will be utilized to test the selected hypothesis and to determine the attribution of FTF project impacts. The Impact Evaluation will be carried out under the guidance of TMG.
Program Monitoring
All programs receiving resources under FTF Tanzania will be expected to use rigorous M&E systems that will feed into the broader FTF and GOT M&E frameworks. To the extent possible, examples of participatory methodologies built into program implementation to engage program beneficiaries in knowledge sharing, learning, and potential behavior change opportunities will be encouraged. In addition to the standard reporting requirements, the M&E program will develop and undertake baseline and other survey/assessment work (e.g. household, facility, market) to contribute to the larger M&E framework under FTF. Selected programs will designate a full-time M&E Specialist to appropriately monitor progress and engage in reporting systems for FTF as they are developed. These M&E Specialists will work to ensure that program results are jointly monitored with the ASDP and contribute to their reporting systems. The M&E Specialists will participate in annual meetings that include all implementing partners for FTF Tanzania, the FTF working group, and GOT representatives from relevant ministries.
Baselines
Baseline surveys will be required for several of the indicators listed in the annex. During 2011, a comprehensive baseline survey will be carried out by the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics under the guidance of TMG. This baseline data will assist FTF Tanzania to set targets, monitor progress toward those targets and to initiate mid-course corrections for its programs and activities. The baseline will inform FTF Tanzania with data to determine whether or not selected activities are likely to achieve their targets.
Links to Government Monitoring Systems
The GOT will conduct rigorous M&E of their CAADP plan and supporting strategies such as the ASDP. To the extent possible, the FTF M&E framework is intended to utilize information that GOT already collects, especially at the national level. The M&E program will provide direct support to the GOT‘s National Bureau of Statistics. FTF investments in M&E will also be linked with the GOT monitoring mechanisms to build host country capacity and ability to analyze and report on results. A monitoring conceptual framework will set the stage for ensuring progress against targets, provide opportunities for learning, and employ participatory methods. Monitoring activities will support GOT analytical capacity building.
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Tanzania, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 430,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
Feed the Future Tanzania also aims to:
To help meet its objectives Feed the Future Tanzania is making core investments in four key areas:
Overview
A participatory approach, which calls for active participation of all stakeholders, will be used to monitor and evaluate (M&E) FTF Tanzania. The design of the M&E system will be based on the usefulness of the data and information which is collected and processed at the different levels and intervals of program implementation and operationalization. M&E for FTF will involve on-going monitoring of program activities in the participating districts, annual evaluations, annual review workshops, beneficiary assessments, mid-term review and terminal evaluation.
Evaluations will be carried out using an independent entity to assess annual program performance. In addition, FTF Tanzania will organize annual review workshops for the duration of the program to enable implementing partners to share information on program implementation performance. FTF will also draw lessons and experiences from these workshops that can be taken into account when planning activities for subsequent years of implementation.
A matrix for the selected FTF indicators is attached as Annex A. FTF Tanzania has received assistance from USAID‘s Bureau for Food Security to provide M&E technical assistance. A preliminary M&E plan has been developed for FTF Tanzania which will be completed in September 2011 once the FTF M&E implementing partner, The Mitchell Group (TMG), has arrived in Tanzania and is fully operational.
Performance Evaluations
Performance evaluations will be carried out for selected FTF Tanzania projects to ascertain the trends in achieving project results of the FTF interventions, to document the overall progress toward objectives, and to assess what is working and what is not and why. One evaluation will be done in project year one (PY 1), another in PY 3 and the last one in PY 5. A mid-term review is planned for the end of PY 2 to assess overall progress and impact of FTF implementation, to provide for corrective actions to enhance performance of FTF, and to provide recommendations for future program designs. These recommendations will be confirmed in the terminal evaluation to be carried out in PY 5.
Qualitative and participatory methods will be utilized for the performance evaluations. Evaluators will utilize methods such as observation, focus groups, key informant interviews, stakeholder interviews and rapid survey techniques to assess progress. These techniques often provide critical insights into beneficiaries‘ perspectives on the value of programs to them, the processes that may have affected outcomes, and a deeper interpretation of results observed. Specific targets for the indicators at the outcome and output levels will be developed once FTF Tanzania has carried out the baseline survey in the FTF target areas along with the preparation of Performance Monitoring Plans.
Impact Evaluation
In addition to performance evaluations, FTF Tanzania will design an impact evaluation to test a selected development hypothesis for FTF. Ideally the impact evaluation will utilize Experimental Methodology to design and conduct the impact evaluation. This methodology will incorporate a rigorously defined counterfactual and will utilize experimental design to test the development hypothesis. At a minimum, quasi-experimental methods will be utilized to test the selected hypothesis and to determine the attribution of FTF project impacts. The Impact Evaluation will be carried out under the guidance of TMG.
Program Monitoring
All programs receiving resources under FTF Tanzania will be expected to use rigorous M&E systems that will feed into the broader FTF and GOT M&E frameworks. To the extent possible, examples of participatory methodologies built into program implementation to engage program beneficiaries in knowledge sharing, learning, and potential behavior change opportunities will be encouraged. In addition to the standard reporting requirements, the M&E program will develop and undertake baseline and other survey/assessment work (e.g. household, facility, market) to contribute to the larger M&E framework under FTF. Selected programs will designate a full-time M&E Specialist to appropriately monitor progress and engage in reporting systems for FTF as they are developed. These M&E Specialists will work to ensure that program results are jointly monitored with the ASDP and contribute to their reporting systems. The M&E Specialists will participate in annual meetings that include all implementing partners for FTF Tanzania, the FTF working group, and GOT representatives from relevant ministries.
Baselines
Baseline surveys will be required for several of the indicators listed in the annex. During 2011, a comprehensive baseline survey will be carried out by the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics under the guidance of TMG. This baseline data will assist FTF Tanzania to set targets, monitor progress toward those targets and to initiate mid-course corrections for its programs and activities. The baseline will inform FTF Tanzania with data to determine whether or not selected activities are likely to achieve their targets.
Links to Government Monitoring Systems
The GOT will conduct rigorous M&E of their CAADP plan and supporting strategies such as the ASDP. To the extent possible, the FTF M&E framework is intended to utilize information that GOT already collects, especially at the national level. The M&E program will provide direct support to the GOT‘s National Bureau of Statistics. FTF investments in M&E will also be linked with the GOT monitoring mechanisms to build host country capacity and ability to analyze and report on results. A monitoring conceptual framework will set the stage for ensuring progress against targets, provide opportunities for learning, and employ participatory methods. Monitoring activities will support GOT analytical capacity building.
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Tanzania, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 430,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
Feed the Future Tanzania also aims to:
To help meet its objectives Feed the Future Tanzania is making core investments in four key areas:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 3: CAPACITY BUILDING AND SUPPORT SERVICES
Contributes to IR 1: Improved agricultural productivity, IR 2: Expanding markets and trade, IR 3: Increased private investment in agriculture- and nutrition-related activities, IR 4: Increased resilience of vulnerable communities and households, IR 5: Improved access to diverse and quality foods, IR 6: Improved nutrition-related behaviors, IR 7: Improved utilization of maternal and child health and nutrition services, and IR 8: Improved enabling policy environment for both agriculture and nutrition.
Tanzania‘s food security and overall agricultural performance into the medium-term will be predicated upon the CAADP process and the accompanying Country Investment Plan (CIP). FTF investments will help support the drafting of the CAADP investment plan and also assist with its successful implementation in collaboration with all partners. FTF Tanzania will invest in building government capacity for policy-making, analysis, and interpretation and delivering on Tanzania‘s CAADP investment plan.
The investments will support host-country leadership and strategy planning to develop sustainability through a new generation of leadership. The USG will provide short- and long-term high-level policymaking support to GOT to develop and deliver on a robust, comprehensive CAADP investment plan and to build a formal mechanism for public-private sector dialogue. Investments will increase the capacity of Tanzanians to act as change agents for transforming the sector.
In addition, FTF will invest in research and development to build Tanzania‘s capacity to respond to challenges through innovations. FTF supports collaborative research to enhance Tanzania‘s ability to improve productivity, especially in light of climate change impacts and other constraints, both agronomic and economic.
Finally, one of the important parts of strengthening the capacity of Tanzanian agriculture is through supporting market-based financial services, including through a variety of loan programs. FTF Tanzania is utilizing innovative methods to increasing rural financing opportunities, especially through microfinance.
FTF staff and partners involved in this component will ensure that gender equitable policies are included in the TAFSIP and in its implementation, that women participate in leadership and training programs, and that women are involved in program activities with Sokoine University of Agriculture and the National Agricultural Research System.
Sokoine University of Agriculture Capacity Building
This program will expand and improve the quality of training in agricultural fields and research in support of FTF Tanzania. By supporting Sokoine University of Agriculture through a direct mechanism, FTF Tanzania will build the capacity of this Tanzanian institution to respond to agricultural issues.
This program will strengthen the training and research capacities of Sokoine University of Agriculture and the Tanzanian National Agricultural Research System. The program will support collaborative research, foster leadership in training and research through long-term training in agriculture, strengthen the capacity of Sokoine University of Agriculture, and promote tripartite Sokoine University if Agriculture - U.S. University - South-South University Cooperation.
","Overview
A participatory approach, which calls for active participation of all stakeholders, will be used to monitor and evaluate (M&E) FTF Tanzania. The design of the M&E system will be based on the usefulness of the data and information which is collected and processed at the different levels and intervals of program implementation and operationalization. M&E for FTF will involve on-going monitoring of program activities in the participating districts, annual evaluations, annual review workshops, beneficiary assessments, mid-term review and terminal evaluation.
Evaluations will be carried out using an independent entity to assess annual program performance. In addition, FTF Tanzania will organize annual review workshops for the duration of the program to enable implementing partners to share information on program implementation performance. FTF will also draw lessons and experiences from these workshops that can be taken into account when planning activities for subsequent years of implementation.
A matrix for the selected FTF indicators is attached as Annex A. FTF Tanzania has received assistance from USAID‘s Bureau for Food Security to provide M&E technical assistance. A preliminary M&E plan has been developed for FTF Tanzania which will be completed in September 2011 once the FTF M&E implementing partner, The Mitchell Group (TMG), has arrived in Tanzania and is fully operational.
Performance Evaluations
Performance evaluations will be carried out for selected FTF Tanzania projects to ascertain the trends in achieving project results of the FTF interventions, to document the overall progress toward objectives, and to assess what is working and what is not and why. One evaluation will be done in project year one (PY 1), another in PY 3 and the last one in PY 5. A mid-term review is planned for the end of PY 2 to assess overall progress and impact of FTF implementation, to provide for corrective actions to enhance performance of FTF, and to provide recommendations for future program designs. These recommendations will be confirmed in the terminal evaluation to be carried out in PY 5.
Qualitative and participatory methods will be utilized for the performance evaluations. Evaluators will utilize methods such as observation, focus groups, key informant interviews, stakeholder interviews and rapid survey techniques to assess progress. These techniques often provide critical insights into beneficiaries‘ perspectives on the value of programs to them, the processes that may have affected outcomes, and a deeper interpretation of results observed. Specific targets for the indicators at the outcome and output levels will be developed once FTF Tanzania has carried out the baseline survey in the FTF target areas along with the preparation of Performance Monitoring Plans.
Impact Evaluation
In addition to performance evaluations, FTF Tanzania will design an impact evaluation to test a selected development hypothesis for FTF. Ideally the impact evaluation will utilize Experimental Methodology to design and conduct the impact evaluation. This methodology will incorporate a rigorously defined counterfactual and will utilize experimental design to test the development hypothesis. At a minimum, quasi-experimental methods will be utilized to test the selected hypothesis and to determine the attribution of FTF project impacts. The Impact Evaluation will be carried out under the guidance of TMG.
Program Monitoring
All programs receiving resources under FTF Tanzania will be expected to use rigorous M&E systems that will feed into the broader FTF and GOT M&E frameworks. To the extent possible, examples of participatory methodologies built into program implementation to engage program beneficiaries in knowledge sharing, learning, and potential behavior change opportunities will be encouraged. In addition to the standard reporting requirements, the M&E program will develop and undertake baseline and other survey/assessment work (e.g. household, facility, market) to contribute to the larger M&E framework under FTF. Selected programs will designate a full-time M&E Specialist to appropriately monitor progress and engage in reporting systems for FTF as they are developed. These M&E Specialists will work to ensure that program results are jointly monitored with the ASDP and contribute to their reporting systems. The M&E Specialists will participate in annual meetings that include all implementing partners for FTF Tanzania, the FTF working group, and GOT representatives from relevant ministries.
Baselines
Baseline surveys will be required for several of the indicators listed in the annex. During 2011, a comprehensive baseline survey will be carried out by the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics under the guidance of TMG. This baseline data will assist FTF Tanzania to set targets, monitor progress toward those targets and to initiate mid-course corrections for its programs and activities. The baseline will inform FTF Tanzania with data to determine whether or not selected activities are likely to achieve their targets.
Links to Government Monitoring Systems
The GOT will conduct rigorous M&E of their CAADP plan and supporting strategies such as the ASDP. To the extent possible, the FTF M&E framework is intended to utilize information that GOT already collects, especially at the national level. The M&E program will provide direct support to the GOT‘s National Bureau of Statistics. FTF investments in M&E will also be linked with the GOT monitoring mechanisms to build host country capacity and ability to analyze and report on results. A monitoring conceptual framework will set the stage for ensuring progress against targets, provide opportunities for learning, and employ participatory methods. Monitoring activities will support GOT analytical capacity building.
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Tanzania, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 430,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
Feed the Future Tanzania also aims to:
To help meet its objectives Feed the Future Tanzania is making core investments in four key areas:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 4: ENABLING POLICY ENVIRONMENT
Contributes to IR 8: Improved enabling policy environment and good governance for both agriculture and nutrition
FTF Tanzania will support policy reform and address major agricultural policy and governance issues by building the capacity of the government and private sector to conduct analyses and take action to identify and address the binding constraints to agricultural development. The USG will promote policies that provide an enabling environment for private sector investment in agriculture, create more certain and consistent trade policies, develop and assist in the implementation of more gender equitable policies and focus on policies that enable the implementation of key nutritional interventions. These will include policies and legal issues related to agricultural inputs, credit, markets, and land and trade policy. In order for any of the investments in food security to have the intended impact, a supportive policy environment is foundational.
Tanzania has overarching policy challenges that can seriously impact its performance with food security and its possible role as a regional provider into the future. The recent AgCLIR assessment for Tanzania identified several key policy issues that currently inhibit transformational agricultural growth, including: policy instability, multiplicity of local taxes, and a weak legal framework to protect property rights.
FTF will actively work to develop the GOT‘s capacity to analyze and implement policy instruments that address both short and long-term food security needs. Possible interventions include:
To ensure that policies that cause market distortion are avoided, FTF will create a robust monitoring system for policy reforms and will promote mutual accountability based on a consultative process rather than imposing conditionality.
One of the main challenges to promoting good governance in Tanzania is access to information by the public and by pressure groups, which is necessary for holding the government accountable in use of resources for provision of public services such as rural roads or extension. FTF will establish a communications strategy that will enhance access to information on food security and agriculture so as to foster public awareness on the program, and on state and private sector performance in the sector. The program will build upon the existing processes for ―Agricultural Sector Review‖ and ―Public Expenditure Review‖ which are held annually.
The participation of civil society, media and NGOs in shaping an agricultural development program is essential to ensuring that a program articulates the needs of the majority, including vulnerable segments of the population such as women and children. Civil society and NGOs can also assist in holding the government accountable for its performance. FTF Tanzania will support some local NGOs and civil society organizations to champion policy reforms. USG has started, and will continue, to engage civil society in the shaping of FTF, and encourage them to participate in the implementation process. The U.S. Government advocated for more engagement of civil society in the CAADP process, resulting in the engagement of the Agriculture Non-State Actors Forum (ANSAF) in the CAADP Task Force and the Drafting Team for TAFSIP. As the U.S. Government assumes the leadership of the donors‘ group for agriculture in July 2011, it will engage more NGOs and civil society organizations in the Agricultural Sector and Public Expenditure Reviews.
FTF Tanzania will advocate for policies that will address gender disparities in access to resources. For instance, the ―Secured Transactions Reforms‖ would create a legal framework to support the use of movable assets as collateral for accessing credit by small and medium enterprises. Such a system would enhance equitable access to credit, as the current system relies on the use of fixed assets such as land, and thereby often excludes women, who under traditional cultural practices have limited opportunity to land titling.
Enabling Policy Environment for Agricultural Sector Growth
The project‘s primary goal is to advance policy reform efforts in key areas identified as the critical barriers to transformation of the agriculture sector. The purpose of this project is to develop a policy partnership between government, private sector organizations, and research institutions to achieve key policy reforms in the agriculture sector and related business environment that will ensure successful implementation of the GOT‘s agriculture investment plan and FTF. The project will: strengthen the capacities of GOT institutions, the private sector, and other stakeholders for policy research and implementation of policy change that informs the CAADP process and FTF on constraints to growth; promotes dialogue among all stakeholders and partners; identifies and develops consensus on specific policies that need to be analyzed and changed; and monitors the implementation and impact of reforms intended to enable increased private investments in agriculture and trade.
Overview
A participatory approach, which calls for active participation of all stakeholders, will be used to monitor and evaluate (M&E) FTF Tanzania. The design of the M&E system will be based on the usefulness of the data and information which is collected and processed at the different levels and intervals of program implementation and operationalization. M&E for FTF will involve on-going monitoring of program activities in the participating districts, annual evaluations, annual review workshops, beneficiary assessments, mid-term review and terminal evaluation.
Evaluations will be carried out using an independent entity to assess annual program performance. In addition, FTF Tanzania will organize annual review workshops for the duration of the program to enable implementing partners to share information on program implementation performance. FTF will also draw lessons and experiences from these workshops that can be taken into account when planning activities for subsequent years of implementation.
A matrix for the selected FTF indicators is attached as Annex A. FTF Tanzania has received assistance from USAID‘s Bureau for Food Security to provide M&E technical assistance. A preliminary M&E plan has been developed for FTF Tanzania which will be completed in September 2011 once the FTF M&E implementing partner, The Mitchell Group (TMG), has arrived in Tanzania and is fully operational.
Performance Evaluations
Performance evaluations will be carried out for selected FTF Tanzania projects to ascertain the trends in achieving project results of the FTF interventions, to document the overall progress toward objectives, and to assess what is working and what is not and why. One evaluation will be done in project year one (PY 1), another in PY 3 and the last one in PY 5. A mid-term review is planned for the end of PY 2 to assess overall progress and impact of FTF implementation, to provide for corrective actions to enhance performance of FTF, and to provide recommendations for future program designs. These recommendations will be confirmed in the terminal evaluation to be carried out in PY 5.
Qualitative and participatory methods will be utilized for the performance evaluations. Evaluators will utilize methods such as observation, focus groups, key informant interviews, stakeholder interviews and rapid survey techniques to assess progress. These techniques often provide critical insights into beneficiaries‘ perspectives on the value of programs to them, the processes that may have affected outcomes, and a deeper interpretation of results observed. Specific targets for the indicators at the outcome and output levels will be developed once FTF Tanzania has carried out the baseline survey in the FTF target areas along with the preparation of Performance Monitoring Plans.
Impact Evaluation
In addition to performance evaluations, FTF Tanzania will design an impact evaluation to test a selected development hypothesis for FTF. Ideally the impact evaluation will utilize Experimental Methodology to design and conduct the impact evaluation. This methodology will incorporate a rigorously defined counterfactual and will utilize experimental design to test the development hypothesis. At a minimum, quasi-experimental methods will be utilized to test the selected hypothesis and to determine the attribution of FTF project impacts. The Impact Evaluation will be carried out under the guidance of TMG.
Program Monitoring
All programs receiving resources under FTF Tanzania will be expected to use rigorous M&E systems that will feed into the broader FTF and GOT M&E frameworks. To the extent possible, examples of participatory methodologies built into program implementation to engage program beneficiaries in knowledge sharing, learning, and potential behavior change opportunities will be encouraged. In addition to the standard reporting requirements, the M&E program will develop and undertake baseline and other survey/assessment work (e.g. household, facility, market) to contribute to the larger M&E framework under FTF. Selected programs will designate a full-time M&E Specialist to appropriately monitor progress and engage in reporting systems for FTF as they are developed. These M&E Specialists will work to ensure that program results are jointly monitored with the ASDP and contribute to their reporting systems. The M&E Specialists will participate in annual meetings that include all implementing partners for FTF Tanzania, the FTF working group, and GOT representatives from relevant ministries.
Baselines
Baseline surveys will be required for several of the indicators listed in the annex. During 2011, a comprehensive baseline survey will be carried out by the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics under the guidance of TMG. This baseline data will assist FTF Tanzania to set targets, monitor progress toward those targets and to initiate mid-course corrections for its programs and activities. The baseline will inform FTF Tanzania with data to determine whether or not selected activities are likely to achieve their targets.
Links to Government Monitoring Systems
The GOT will conduct rigorous M&E of their CAADP plan and supporting strategies such as the ASDP. To the extent possible, the FTF M&E framework is intended to utilize information that GOT already collects, especially at the national level. The M&E program will provide direct support to the GOT‘s National Bureau of Statistics. FTF investments in M&E will also be linked with the GOT monitoring mechanisms to build host country capacity and ability to analyze and report on results. A monitoring conceptual framework will set the stage for ensuring progress against targets, provide opportunities for learning, and employ participatory methods. Monitoring activities will support GOT analytical capacity building.
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 1: DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION AND INCOME – UPGRADE VALUE CHAINS
The first set of core investments in the Zambia FTF strategy contributes to systems transformation, with a primary focus on oilseeds and legumes and targeted interventions in the maize value chain, and a secondary focus on horticulture.
Feed the Future Value Chain Investments
USAID/Zambia will have several programs that contribute significantly to upgrading the oilseeds, legumes and maize value chains. This will be accomplished through several planned mechanisms, including: 1) the Production, Finance and Improved Technology Plus program, which is designed to increase food security and decrease hunger through agriculture-led growth and inclusive market access by smallholder farmers; and 2) public-private partnerships including Global Development Alliances (GDAs) to leverage private sector activity and promote market sustainability through private sector models. These efforts will stimulate agricultural growth and significantly contribute to the Millennium Development Goal 1 of halving the proportion of people living in extreme poverty and suffering from hunger by 2015. The programs will build on previous USAID-funded activities by closely linking efforts to enhance input supply with output markets, promoting value-added rural enterprises linked to selected value chains, and ensuring that women fully benefit from value chain development. One of the challenges of the previous program, given its focus on private sector sustainability, was to ensure female participation. Lessons learned from the successful Production, Finance and Improved Technologies (PROFIT) program, which closes in 2011, will be incorporated into new programs.
Programs will focus specifically on maize and oilseed/legume (particularly, groundnut, soya and sunflower) value chains in Eastern province and horticulture value chains in peri-urban Lusaka. Through this geographic focus, USAID-funded FTF activities will reach up to 25 percent of Zambian men and women smallholder farmers. Maize value chain work will focus on increasing productivity in order to meet food security. Smallholders will be benefit from an integrated approach that provides for maize food security and enables smallholders to diversify into commercial crops.
Illustrative Examples of Value Chain Activities
In-depth analysis of selected value chains. The program will conduct in-depth economic value chain analysis including market (both domestic and export) assessments, competition/profitability analyses, gender analyses, and strategies for Zambian value chains to improve competitiveness in light of market opportunities and constraints.
Value chain finance. Both the demand and supply side of value chain finance will be addressed to increase the competitiveness of selected value chains. Options to increase access to production and processing credit may include insurance, operating leases and expansion of e-banking. Activities to expand access to credit and financial services to both men and women will be assessed and implemented through a variety of mechanisms, partners and tools, including intermediary businesses, credit guarantees, microfinance and commercial banking products oriented to benefit smallholder farmers.
Provide local trade information and services. Local provider(s) of trade information and services will be supported to aid producers’ entry into local, regional and international markets, including sanitary and phytosanitary protocols, import requirements, customs and borders procedures, and contact points. The program will take extra effort to ensure equal access to information for women. The Zambia Agricultural Commodity Exchange (ZAMACE) will require support that will be gradually phased out, with the goal of achieving sustainability through self-sufficient funding of operations within three years.
Target regional export markets. The program will develop a strategy for targeting profitable export markets for Zambian products initially in the maize, legume and horticulture sectors. USAID/Zambia’s experience thus far has shown that in many cases regional markets provide more opportunities for exporters (particularly smallholders) than more distant international markets. Efforts will be made to ensure both men and women producers can access export markets.
Promote rural enterprise and cooperative development, particularly in value-added processing of selected value chains. Activities will also address marketing constraints faced by smallholder farmers, in particular women. The project will identify key agents that can create rural employment and opportunities for value addition, including cooperatives, traders, processors and agribusinesses that warehouse commodities. Governance, operations and capacity of Zambian organizations and firms that link farmers to value-added markets, including animal feed, high protein products, cooking oil and canned vegetables, will be strengthened. In particular, women-based producer and marketing associations will be organized around selected value chains.
",".
","USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components: 1) project-level reporting; 2) performance management/monitoring and evaluation; and, 3) external impact assessment to capture the aggregate impact of all investments and the relative contribution of different interventions to the extent feasible.
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives: (1) engage in """"rigorous"""" impact evaluations; and (2) build local capacity for monitoring and evaluation. The USAID/Zambia Mission has committed to implementing the operational research, managing for results, evaluation and local capacity-building model in its CDCS, and this will apply as well to FTF.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of
Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","Overall, an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—will receive targeted assistance to escape hunger and poverty","","","Increased productivity and income from selected value chains (gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product); Number of farmers, processors, and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex); Value of incremental sales (collected at farm/firm level) attributed to FTF implementation (disaggregated by targeted commodity) (disaggregated by sex of household head); Value of new private sector investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF implementation (Change in value – investments local and international); Increase in employment in value-added processing enterprises linked to selected commodities.","Increased productivity and income from selected value chains (gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product); Number of farmers, processors, and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex); Value of incremental sales (collected at farm/firm level) attributed to FTF implementation (disaggregated by targeted commodity) (disaggregated by sex of household head); Value of new private sector investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF implementation (Change in value – investments local and international); Increase in employment in value-added processing enterprises linked to selected commodities.","Vulnerable groups","","Biofortification of staple crops>>>Biofortification of staple crops>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/biofortification","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11545","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","ZMB","Zambia"," Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Central Province, Zambia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
Feed the Future Value Chain Research & Development Program
Research features prominently in the Feed the Future Initiative. The FTF research strategy has three objectives: advancing the productivity frontier, transforming production systems and enhancing dietary quality and food safety. The sustainable use of natural resources and adaptation to global climate changes are additional objectives. R&D investments will include several sub-components, through collaboration between international agriculture research centers, GRZ research institutes and public universities, private sector and other partners. The project will also incorporate a competitive grants program to promote public-private research and technology adoption. A key objective of the program is to enable these entities to directly implement activities within the life of the program. All programs will outline the steps, process and timeline to enable Zambian Government, NGO and other entities to be able to directly implement selected project activities within two years after the project has begun field implementation. Finally, to be effective, the programs must also actively involve both men and women in research design and trials to ensure appropriateness to their relative needs.
Some of the key issues that the agricultural research program in Zambia will address are outlined below.
The approach should include preliminary analysis to identify high pay-off interventions with the greatest potential to increase incomes and improve nutrition for a large number of smallholder maize-based farm households, with particular attention to gender-based constraints. These interventions may include varieties, management, alternative farm resource allocation and post-harvest approaches.
Possible components of a program include:
Low Productivity and Limited Production of Groundnuts--Limiting Their Contribution to Household Nutrition, Incomes and Women’s Empowerment
Illustrative activities include:
Widespread Aflatoxin Contamination--Reducing Food Quality and Limiting Exports
Responses to the aflatoxin problem in Zambia may include:
Role of Zambian Women in Science
The FTF strategy will also invest in the development of Zambian women scientists. The African Women in Research and Development (AWARD) program has successfully supported the career of up to nine Zambian women scientists in private and public research organizations as well as civil society organizations. The AWARD Fellows are paired with a leading scientist mentor in their field who supports the development of professional skills. Training in leadership and other professional skills such as writing and communication is provided. A current AWARD Fellow recently conducted a workshop on gender in the aquaculture sector, highlighting the importance of considering gender constraints in this sector. The AWARD Fellows also become mentors to younger women, thus extending the benefits of the program. The FTF strategy will continue this investment throughout the program and work with these scientists in order to strengthen the participation of women in agricultural research.
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.
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USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components:
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives:
The USAID/Zambia Mission has committed to implementing the operational research, managing for results, evaluation and local capacity-building model in its CDCS, and this will apply as well to FTF.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of
Data quality assessments will be conducted regularly to ensure consistency and completeness. Data collected through monitoring will be used for periodic reports to stakeholders. Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty","","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Biofortification of staple crops>>>Biofortification of staple crops>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/biofortification","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11545","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","ZMB","Zambia"," Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Central Province, Zambia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 2: ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT
As an additional key strategy component, FTF Zambia will support the development of favorable agriculture policy through policy research and advocacy for reform. For example, continued policy reform is needed for maize to be competitive in regional markets, including a consistent and open border policy; small government strategic reserve; price-band management; and, use of the e-voucher system in input provision. Another critical investment is support to the GRZ to advance and complete the CAADP process, i.e., by helping the government develop a realistic but ambitious Country Investment Plan.
Several important policy objectives will be supported by the USG toward creating an enabling environment to achieve FTF objectives. These include:
USAID/Zambia has awarded a five-year project (2010-2015) that will assist stakeholders through a program of research, policy analysis, outreach, and training. Assistance provided will also support key agricultural policy stakeholders throughout the development and implementation of the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Program (CAADP). The project, the Food Security Research Project (FSRP), will work closely with the Agricultural Consultative Forum (ACF), a Zambian NGO that provides a forum for policy dialogue, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO), the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development (MLFD), the Central Statistical Office (CSO), and other selected Zambian organizations.
The FSRP and ACF will take center stage in carrying out independent research to form the basis for developing and promoting supportive agricultural policy in Zambia. The ACF will also remain flexible to build capacity of other Zambian institutions that support the goal of improving fact-based agricultural and economic policy formulation in Zambia to nurture local capacity and local dissemination of knowledge to the public through commissioning and mentoring of local groups to undertake policy analysis. ACF and FSRP efforts in the past have addressed sound market-based principles through institutional capacity building and empirically-based policy research. Those efforts will be intensified to better support the GRZ’s implementation of its CAADP Investment Plan, which is a critical component of the FTF.
New USG funding in the project will be directed to three general activities – capacity building, more active outreach within and beyond the agricultural sector, and improvements in the quality of basic agricultural data emerging from CSO and MACO. This work will be undertaken in collaboration with other efforts to improvements overall data collection management of the CSO, particularly that being spearheaded by the U.K. Department for International Development (DFID). FTF will also fund training to support public and civil society leaders engaged in the CAADP process, as well as training of women scientists.
Key Enabling Environment Program Areas
Analytical Capacity for Improved Agricultural Policy in Zambia. Weak human and institutional capacity to analyze agricultural policy contributes to the politicization of agriculture in Zambia and a weak business climate for agricultural investment. FTF assistance will improve the analytical capacity of Zambian stakeholders. Stronger ―home-grown‖ analytical capacity and greater public outreach will lead to a greater understanding of key issues affecting agriculture by both the public at large and policy makers within the government. Informed technocrats within the government, backed by a supportive public opinion, should be able to convince political leaders to make sound decisions in agricultural policy.
New Project Directions. Emphasis will be on ―Zambianizing‖ the research capacity, which previously was not deep enough, due to limited finances and limited scope of local institutions. Increased high-level USG attention to food security issues demands a more thorough understanding of GRZ priorities and donor commitments in the sector. FSRP and ACF activities will provide the analytical basis for future US and other donor investments in the agricultural sector to combat hunger and poverty, which are aligned with the GRZ’s CAADP Compact.
Thematic And Operational Support of the CAADP Agenda. FSRP has supported the CAADP Compact process, ensuring that critical agricultural policy issues are, and will be, reflected in future policy planning and programming. FSRP support has ensured Zambian ownership of the CAADP framework, including its policies, programs, and targets. FSRP will work with policy makers and stakeholders as before, but with the added mandate of contributing to the peer review process that is part of the CAADP framework, focusing specifically on public resource allocation, investments and the implementation of policies that are the backbone of the CAADP process. FSRP will advocate that the CAADP process include a wide range of stakeholders with broad food security objectives across all four CAADP Pillars, and not result in a concentrated focus on agricultural productivity.
Political Will and Technical Capacity Building. For civil society, the press, government technocrats, and other groups to effectively influence policy, they need fact-based positions and up-to-date information from credible entities. It is therefore important, and an explicit objective of FSRP, to put fact-based information in front of the body politic. Political will shifts when confronted by an aware and informed electorate.
On-going Research Areas
New Potential Research Areas
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USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components:
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives:
The USAID/Zambia Mission has committed to implementing the operational research, managing for results, evaluation and local capacity-building model in its CDCS, and this will apply as well to FTF.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of
Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","","","","","","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11545","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","ZMB","Zambia"," Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Central Province, Zambia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
CORE INVESTMENT AREA 3: ECONOMIC RESILIENCE
FTF investments in agricultural value chains will increase agricultural productivity and incomes. FTF investments in health and nutrition infrastructure will improve access to health and nutrition services and information at the district and community level. However, not all households will be able to benefit in the medium term from these investments. In addition, intra-household resource management, even in better-off agricultural households, can be a barrier to the translation of systemic investments in the agricultural and health infrastructure into improvements in benefits for women and children. The Zambia FTF strategy proposes a set of investments to address these two challenges. The investments will target households that are more vulnerable to food insecurity due to composition, illness, or other factors.
Economic Resilience Programming
FTF investments will focus on an integrated approach to building assets and risk reduction, and call for innovative models to link vulnerable households to value chain interventions and investments in community, district and provincial health systems. These programs will engage new partners and will be structured to ensure both small businesses and local partners have the capacity to participate. The program will enhance coping skills, build assets and increase rural incomes for vulnerable households in targeted areas, thereby significantly contributing to Millennium Development Goal 1 of halving the proportion of Zambians living in extreme poverty and suffering from hunger by 2015.
The vulnerable and very poor have some minimum set of assets but have been unable to move towards longer-term economic well-being and health. Frequently donor and government assistance to these households has been in the form of humanitarian relief, economic transfers or subsidies (e.g., of staple foods). USAID/Zambia seeks to support innovative ideas, concepts and programs to increase the economic resilience of the very vulnerable Zambian rural population in targeted areas.
Investments under this core investment area aim to increase the food security of vulnerable and very poor rural households in targeted areas through interventions that reduce the number of hunger months, improve nutrition and health practices, and increase the value of household assets and the ability of households to productively use those assets. These achievements are expected to contribute significantly to reducing stunting and underweight levels in the targeted households over a five-year period.
Activities will target vulnerable groups in rural areas with a minimum set of assets (land and/or labor) and fall below the poverty line of $1.25/day. These attributes characterize a majority of smallholder agricultural producers in Eastern province. To identify more vulnerable households it will be necessary to include households according to additional characteristics such as: female-headed - widowed or divorced; household with person living with AIDS (PLWA) or other chronic and debilitating diseases; household caring for or headed by orphan or vulnerable child (OVC); or disabled household head or member.
Potential Activities
Investments will build upon USAID-funded activities that work in agricultural growth, nutrition and economic resilience efforts, such as the Title II program, the Consortium for Food Security, Agriculture and Nutrition, AIDS, Resiliency and Markets (C-FAARM), closing out in 2011. The programs will implement innovative strategies and approaches to enable vulnerable rural households, including those affected by HIV/AIDS and other diseases, orphan and vulnerable child-headed households, and female-headed households, by improving food security through strengthened economic resilience. Special attention will be given to enabling very poor women to participate in expanding opportunities as producers, service providers and entrepreneurs.
Programs will take an integrated approach to improved food security – addressing availability, access and utilization components, as well as linkages to nutrition and health, and gender relations. Programs as diverse as micro-savings and lending, conditional cash transfers, ―farming as a family business‖ have all shown some potential to reduce vulnerability of poor households under specific conditions. Proposals will be expected to demonstrate scalability.
Recent evidence of preventive approaches to undernutrition in other countries provides direction for successful components of nutrition interventions. The promotion of Essential Nutrition Actions will be a fundamental component of all interventions. Other approaches will be considered. For example, a positive deviance model demonstrated that three-quarters of children under age five treated for undernutrition made significant weight gains when their diets included legumes and other high protein supplements, combined with improved health and sanitary practices, and access to clean water.18 Some microfinance schemes follow a positive deviance model in which seed capital is not injected into communities, but revolving loan funds are created based on the capital available within communities, and members increase their ability to borrow based on the amount of shares they are able (and willing) to invest in the loan fund. Savings-led financial services have been demonstrated to serve an important role in consumption smoothing. Small livestock may actually serve as savings accounts, easily converted into cash when needed. Approaches that target all farm household members, both men and women, have been shown to be effective in improving the use of resources and changing household food security. A recent gender assessment of the SIDA-funded agricultural support program reported that better internal management of household resources was a significant factor contributing to greater household food security for project participants, as measured by months of household food security19. Given strong evidence of the significance of women’s income to child nutrition, approaches that build better household management of resources and strengthen women’s effective control may have a high payoff.
Lessons learned from GCC/SL pilots on community and household use of forest resources will be incorporated into the FTF economic resilience activities. Many vulnerable households are dependent on communal resources for sources of wild foods and medicinal crops that supplement nutritional and income needs. Household use of agriculture and non-agricultural land, such as forests, for additional income will be examined to determine strategies that build resilience and improve land use, without increasing the pressure on non-agricultural lands.
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It is envisaged that these activities will result in tangible benefits to households such as increased food availability, better management, and improved intra-household food allocation, with improved child food intake and greater diet diversity for vulnerable members. Some expected achievements leading to household level benefits include increased access of poor and very poor farming households to commercial sources of inputs and non-financial supporting services, including extension and agronomic services; increased productivity by poor and very poor farming households; application by very poor farming households of improved crop production and post-harvest practices; and increased access of poor and very poor farming households to financial services.
","
USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components:
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives:
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of:
Data collected through monitoring will be used for periodic reports to stakeholders.
Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 834,000 vulnerable Tanzanian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty","","","Increased productivity and income from selected value chains (gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product) (disaggregated by sex); Increased expenditures (proxy for income) of rural households, including female-headed households; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger (disaggregated by sex of household head); Per cent of children 6-23 months that receive a Minimum Acceptable Diet (disaggregated by sex); Number of vulnerable households benefiting from program activities through increased economic resilience (disaggregated by sex of household head); Women’s Dietary Diversity: Mean number of food groups consumed by women of reproductive age; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Number of people with a savings account or insurance policy as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex).","Increased productivity and income from selected value chains (gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product) (disaggregated by sex); Increased expenditures (proxy for income) of rural households, including female-headed households; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger (disaggregated by sex of household head); Per cent of children 6-23 months that receive a Minimum Acceptable Diet (disaggregated by sex); Number of vulnerable households benefiting from program activities through increased economic resilience (disaggregated by sex of household head); Women’s Dietary Diversity: Mean number of food groups consumed by women of reproductive age; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Number of people with a savings account or insurance policy as a result of USG assistance (disaggregated by sex).","Vulnerable groups","","Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>>Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/exclusive_breastfeeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11545","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","ZMB","Zambia"," Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Eastern Province, Zambia|Lusaka-Central Province, Zambia","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a foundation for lasting progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with governments, donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Zambia, Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Zambia is making core investments in four key areas:
1. Oilseeds, legumes, maize and horticulture value chains
2. Enabling Environment
3. Economic Resilience
4. Nutrition
Target Regions
Feed the Future is focusing its efforts in two areas: the Eastern Province, with a value chain focus on oilseeds, legumes and maize; and selected peri-urban districts near Lusaka, connecting to Eastern Province, with a particular focus on horticulture.
Highlights
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) process. Zambia’s CAADP Compact was signed in January 2011, and development of the Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan has begun. Through this Compact the Government of the Republic of Zambia is committed to the following:
Diversification of staple crop production. Diversification of selected staple value chains will:
Gender. The Zambia strategy strives to maximize the positive impact on female farmers and ensure equitable benefits for men and women by:
FTF Zambia is investing in capacity-building and training of health workers to improve nutrition services and nutrition education. The nutrition program will include a national mass media campaign around the Essential Nutrition Actions that will be linked to community-level behavioral and social change communications. Additionally, the program will build strong linkages to rural health services and nutrition interventions. The nutrition program is largely managed by USAID/Zambia’s Health and HIV Offices, but activities by the USAID Economic Growth Team and Centers for Disease Control will also contribute.
The Government of Zambia has recently refocused on the poor national nutrition levels by developing a National Nutrition Strategy and holding a National Nutrition Consultative Forum to discuss the strategy. Zambia has also been selected as an Early Riser under the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Initiative promoted by the U.S. and a wide range of other donors. The USG participates in a recently formed Nutrition Donor Convener Group, chaired by DFID and UNICEF, under the Health Sector Working Group. The USG can play an important role in raising concern over nutrition levels within the country, coordinating USG and other donor investments, and supporting government efforts to intensify efforts to address undernutrition.
Nutrition Programming
FTF Agriculture and Food-based Nutrition Programming. FTF agriculture investments will contribute to improved nutritional outcomes through several approaches. Improved incomes for poor households as a result of improved agricultural practices and better market access can translate into improved household food availability, although this is usually not sufficient for changes in child nutritional status. FTF agricultural investments will also improve the quantity and quality of staple foods in Eastern province, resulting in reduced prices for poor households, most of which purchase food for several months of the year. In addition, FTF food-based strategies will result in more nutritious foods through strategies such as bio-fortification and breeding, particularly through increasing dissemination and production of beta-carotene-rich ―orange‖ maize and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes. Household-based approaches through the Economic Resilience programs, described in greater detail in Section 4.3 above, will focus on more equitable food distribution/income control and on communicating behavioral change messages on essential nutrition actions at the household level. These programs will also ensure that all nutrition-related activities are consistent with and support other nutrition programming, for example in nutrition training of agricultural workers and extension staff, or capacity-building of community workers other than community-based health workers. Other potential food based strategies include school feeding linkages with organizations such as the World Food Program, with the introduction of nutritious products such as soy-based products or orange-fleshed sweet potatoes.
FTF Nutrition-related Programming through the Health Sector. USG investments in the health sector are extensive and broad and make a major contribution to the status of Zambians’ health. Many of these programs have components that directly address nutrition through improving health outcomes, reducing incidence of diseases such as malaria, vaccine preventable diseases, intestinal worm infestation, etc., providing food to PLWA, and supporting orphans and vulnerable children, among others.
The USAID Health Office invests in four programs supporting systemic change in health services. These programs include support for:
The logistics program focuses on improvements in commodities and supply chains for a wide array of critical inputs such as antiretroviral drugs, family planning inputs, and bed nets. Social marketing is conducted for all important areas, including family planning, HIV prevention and inputs, and malaria. Broad spectrum media campaigns are conducted under the integrated behavior change communication investments. These campaigns are conducted at national, provincial and community levels to elicit change in a wide range of health-related behaviors.
The following national-level interventions will be considered:
Recommendations for rural areas include the following:
In addition to interventions that strengthen the health system and refocus efforts on nutrition behavior change, the FTF strategy proposes to link health, nutrition, economic resilience, and economic growth activities at the household-level, to the extent this is feasible and cost-effective. Two approaches will be adopted:
FTF Nutrition-related Investments through HIV/AIDS Programming. Another significant contributor to child malnutrition is the high rate of pediatric HIV/AIDS. Based on a 2010 technical update on WHO guidelines, for infants and young children known to be HIV-infected, mothers are strongly encouraged to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months and to continue breastfeeding, with adequate supplementary feeding, up to 2 years and beyond. Therefore all infants 6 months of age and older need additional, developmentally and nutritionally appropriate food sources, as breast milk is no longer sufficient. Hence, nutrition-related HIV/AIDS interventions are also under development by the USG in Zambia, and these investments will have an impact on the reduction of undernutrition in children below age 2.
High prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency in rural Zambia. Vitamin A deficiency is a long-standing public health problem in Zambia due to inadequate dietary intake. The Ministry of Health distributes vitamin A supplements during the twice-yearly child health weeks and sugar is fortified with Vitamin A. Nonetheless, according to the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey vitamin A deficiency (VAD) continues to affect 54 percent of Zambian children under 5 and women of reproductive age. These high levels of VAD may be attributed to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infections in the Zambian population. Increasing the intake of Vitamin A through a wider range of sources, combined with health interventions, including those to prevent and treat infectious disease, will decrease defiency in many vulnerable groups. Biofortified crops have a high potential to increase Vitamin A content in diets, particularly of rural households that produce their own food and have limited consumption of fortified products.
Potential agriculture activities include:
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.
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USAID/Zambia will monitor and evaluate programs and activities throughout the strategy period to ensure that those investments are achieving objectives and maximizing returns to investments. Though many of the investments will be managed and monitored primarily by USAID, some investments will originate from other USG agencies and by government, donors, or the private sector. The Zambia CAADP Country Investment Plan will provide a framework for the development of a more comprehensive national effort in agriculture and poverty reduction that will be supported through the USG FTF effort. CAADP monitoring is addressed below. The M&E framework for the USG FTF strategy outlined in this section will be inclusive and involve all government agencies investing in FTF areas, particularly in the FTF priority geographic area, Eastern province.
The geographic focus, co-location of investments, and the timing of the initiation of new investments provide the opportunity to establish a solid impact assessment framework as well. USAID/Zambia’s approach to monitoring and evaluation will be comprised of three components: 1) project-level reporting; 2) performance management/monitoring and evaluation; and, 3) external impact assessment to capture the aggregate impact of all investments and the relative contribution of different interventions to the extent feasible.
The FTF strategy will be implemented primarily through two of the USAID/Zambia CDCS Development Objectives (DO) and will meet the requirements of CDCS Development Objectives:
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
The FTF Performance Monitoring Plan will include indicators measuring progress towards achieving results at all levels. For each indicator, the data source and methodology, baseline, targets, and a calendar of performance management tasks, including a schedule for data collection, will be included. The selection of indicators to include in the PMP will be driven by ongoing and planned activities, the availability of baseline, and provisions made to ensure availability of data for the reference reporting period.
To monitor performance, the Mission will establish baselines and collect data for standard and customized indicators to track whether desired results are occurring and whether performance is on target. All programs receiving FTF resources will be expected to develop monitoring and evaluation strategies that are consistent with the USG Zambia’s FTF framework.
Initial stakeholder workshops will be held for the purposes of:
Given that FTF has the intention to work with a broader range of partners, including local organizations, it is expected that some partners will have more limited reporting capacity. These organizations will need greater assistance, and it may be necessary to delegate the responsibility for some monitoring and reporting to external entities.
For higher level objectives, tracking performance will be beyond the manageable interest of individual projects. In particular, changes in incomes, nutritional status, and some community-level variables among others will be more appropriately measured across the program areas. The FTF Team is developing a consortium of stakeholders to assess existing data sources, and intends to identify an external entity to coordinate baseline and periodic data collection for specific indicators.
An FTF M&E plan will be finalized by the end of Fiscal Year 2011, outlining all indicators and the reporting responsibilities by all USAID/Zambia’s partners. Key FTF required indicators to be tracked and reported are listed in Annex B. Additional project-specific and other relevant indicators not included in the FTF required indicators will be added. It is important to note that all appropriate indicators will be sex-disaggregated.
EVALUATION
In line with the new evaluation policy, the FTF program intends to conduct a number of performance evaluations and impact evaluations. Evaluations of two programs closing in 2011, PROFIT and C-FAARM, will be useful for the FTF learning agenda. The USG FTF has a unique opportunity with a defined geographic focus and the initiation of new activities to establish an impact assessment framework to assess high level impact, as well as to identify the relative contribution of different intervention, such as value chain upgrading versus household level management skills. USAID/Zambia will work with partners and other agencies to develop an impact assessment methodology that is consistent with and contributes to the project performance monitoring framework, but will also test several development hypotheses.
An initial baseline survey will be conducted in Eastern province to establish current levels of key variables including incomes, nutritional status, household production and asset patterns, and agriculture technology levels. This baseline will draw from the latest survey methodologies, particularly recent work on gender and asset control24. An appropriate sampling framework will be established to assess impact, most likely on a biannual basis. A randomized approach will be considered for a sub-sample to maintain the integrity of the impact assessment; however, flexibility will be needed to consider mid-term correction in order to ensure the greatest impact over the period of the strategy.
In the context of the development challenges and opportunities identified in Zambia and outlined in Section 1.1, several development hypotheses are of interest for the impact assessment. In particular, the relative contribution will be assessed of community-level versus household-level interventions to reducing poverty and undernutrition, as well as the additional value of the co-location of interventions. Another hypothesis of interest to be tested is: By increasing productivity, improving household food security and linking smallholders to markets for agriculture commodities, FTF interventions will reduce the incentives for exploiting the natural resource base.
Performance Evaluation
The FTF program will schedule performance evaluations to focus on descriptive and normative questions including: project or program achievements (either at an intermediate point in execution or at the conclusion of an implementation period); program implementation; program perception and value; and other questions pertinent to program design, management and operational decision-making. These performance evaluations will incorporate before-after comparisons whenever feasible.
Impact Evaluation
The FTF program will conduct impact evaluations to measure the change in development outcomes attributable to FTF interventions. Impact evaluations will be based on cause-effect models and will require a credible and rigorously-defined counterfactual control. Impact evaluations with treatment and control groups help provide the strongest evidence of a relationship between interventions and measured outcomes. One hypothesis to be explored includes identifying increased benefits from combined interventions, particularly income-augmenting and nutrition-related activities. In the nutrition portfolio, the differential effect of geographically co-locating health programs active in nutrition with agriculture programs working on the productivity and diversity side of the nutrition equation can be tested.
LINK TO GOVERNMENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
USAID/Zambia has provided extensive support to the Government of Zambia in monitoring the agricultural sector, and in analyzing government data through the Food Security Research Project (FSRP). This support will continue and can be drawn upon to monitor agricultural trends. In addition, FSRP has expertise in analyzing surveys such as the biannual Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) which tracks poverty levels, and the Supplemental Surveys, which provide quality agricultural data. This expertise can be leveraged for improved performance monitoring by the GRZ, as well as for FTF performance.
The CAADP framework focuses largely on performance in the agricultural sector. For national performance toward other MDGs, particularly those related to nutrition and gender impacts, the FTF team will work with additional partners to identify appropriate data sources and performance monitoring modalities. For example, the Nutrition Cooperating Partners sub-group may be instrumental in the creation of a data monitoring platform according to the SUN Movement principles. However, the Zambia FTF framework will focus its efforts largely on performance for the targeted FTF areas and the contribution of these changes to national levels.
","Feed the future aims to help an estimated 263,000 vulnerable Zambian women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 173,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent s","","","Number of people trained in child health and nutrition through USG-supported programs; Anemia among women of reproductive age (%); Number of health facilities with established capacity to manage acute undernutrition; Prevalence of anemia among children 6-59 months; Number of children under five years of age who received Vitamin A from USG-supported programs; Number of children under five reached by USG-supported nutrition programs.","Number of people trained in child health and nutrition through USG-supported programs; Anemia among women of reproductive age (%); Number of health facilities with established capacity to manage acute undernutrition; Prevalence of anemia among children 6-59 months; Number of children under five years of age who received Vitamin A from USG-supported programs; Number of children under five reached by USG-supported nutrition programs.","Vulnerable groups","","Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>>Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/exclusive_breastfeeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11597","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","KEN","Kenya","High rainfall region 1|Semi-Arid region 2","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Kenya, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 502,000 vulnerable Kenyan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 230,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Kenya is making core investments in three key areas:
Target Regions
Feed the Future is targeting high-rainfall areas with dense populations, high poverty and malnourishment, as well as semi-arid areas. Both areas have great potential for raising agricultural productivity. These target areas also encompass the highest concentrations of malnourished children, female-headed households, and rural poor.
Highlights
Science and Technology. U.S. support to the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute focuses on research on crops for the semi-arid zone, including improved seeds, pest control, and food safety for maize, sorghum, millet, sweet potato, cowpea, and pigeon pea. Feed the Future also works with the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services to increase quality and availability of drought-tolerant crops and varieties.
Engaging Women and Youth. Feed the Future supports activities that empower women and improve the nutritional status of women and children. Women manage an estimated 44 percent of Kenya’s smallholder households and are active at every point in the food chain. Their contribution to commodities, grown mainly in home gardens, is quite significant, providing essential nutrients and often the only food available during the lean seasons or when the main harvest fails. Feed the Future will also engage youth in farming, processing and trading to relieve high levels of youth unemployment. More than 67 percent of the under- and unemployed in Kenya are young women and men of 15 to 30 years of age.
Value Chains. Feed the Future is focusing its efforts on improving several key agricultural value chains: horticulture, dairy and maize for the High Rainfall (HR) areas; and drought-tolerant crops (sorghum/millet and root crop systems), drought-tolerant maize, horticulture, and pulses for Semi-Arid (SA) areas. Attention is focused on every “link” in the value chain—from inputs like fertilizer and seeds, to credit, to production methods, storage, transport, processing, farmers’ cooperatives, and markets in Kenya, East Africa and overseas.
","MAIZE AND DROUGHT-TOLERANT STAPLE CROP VALUE CHAIN
Kenya’s maize sub sector is approaching a critical time when input supply characteristics, land reform, availability of supporting factors of production, and market price dynamics will define the competitiveness of the industry in the mid- to long term. This environment presents an opportune moment for the USG’s current and future investments. At the same time, there has been a dearth of investment in alternative staple crops and, as a result, there is a lack of data. In collaboration with the private sector, FTF will support value chain assessments that deepen and fill gaps in existing knowledge – especially related to these crops in SA2 – to inform the FTFS’ further implementation and private sector investments.
As noted, yields of staple crops in Kenya are low relative to regional averages. Addressing productivity issues in maize and drought-tolerant staples will be a key focus. Promoting improved transfer of technologies will require investment in agricultural research to develop improved technologies. This will be especially important for the neglected drought-tolerant crops. Equally important is the dissemination of knowledge of these technologies, accompanying management practices, the extension services to transfer knowledge on how best to use technologies, and the commercialization and dissemination of technologies to farmers who need them. Consequently interventions will leverage private sector partners in concert with public sector extension services (although limited in certain counties of the two focus areas) to disseminate and commercialize improved technologies through ―smart‖ extension methods, e.g., ICT.
Achieving productivity growth also will require program investments to promote improved access to high-quality inputs that are affordable and provide the knowledge (extension services) on how to use them optimally, including improving input use efficiency through proper soil and water management techniques. Seed and fertilizer companies and agro-dealers will play key roles in setting up demonstration plots and holding ―farmer field days‖ so that farmers can learn about different varieties and practices. Efforts will be made by the Mission to incorporate gender awareness and nutrition- and food preparation-related messaging during those ―field days.‖ The seed and fertilizer companies have also begun to package inputs into smaller quantities, thereby more affordable to poor farmers. The current KMDP is working through its sub-grantees, like Farm Input Promotions (FIPS) – which uses samples of inputs (i.e., seeds, fertilizers, etc.) donated by private companies – for demonstration on farmers’ fields, provides extension information, and sells inputs in small affordable packages, an approach that has been effective in increasing access to inputs and extension services to women.
Market access will be essential to increasing smallholder incomes. The Mission will facilitate a more structured market for staple food crops by: 1) increasing smallholder farmers’ understanding of end-market requirements; 2) facilitating access to training to meet end-market requirements; and 3) improving farmers’ market intelligence and capacity to make informed decisions. Public and private sector investments in storage and centralized market infrastructure will improve the benefits smallholders gain from market engagement and lead to increases in rural household incomes.
Regarding sorghum, market outlets seek varieties with high milling and brewing qualities, and subsistence farmers require high-yielding varieties with specific taste, color and cooking characteristics. The segmentation of these varieties and products to meet the specific market demands has not been done and, as a result, farmers’ marketing strategies are ―hit or miss.‖ Hence, the program will segment the market niches and match the niches to sorghum varieties and products. This approach will highlight the opportunities for farmer organizations to deliver to the segmented market outlets through the segmented sorghum varieties and products.
Fostering investments by the private sector as well as access to rural finance will be essential to the sustainability and scalability of productivity improvements. Kenya has a vibrant private sector hungry for profitable opportunities. To both meet the development challenges and make a profit, USAID/K will use its new Innovation Engine (see below) to buy down the risks for private sector investments in innovative areas. To improve access to rural finance, the Mission’s program, along with USAID/EA's FTFS program-related activities, will:
By tapping into the networks of EAGC, the activities will help build regional linkages for traders. In addition, access to rural finance will be further improved through USAID's recently commenced Financial Inclusion for Rural Microenterprises (FIRM) project which – in collaboration with the U.K. Department for International Development (DFID) – will improve productivity and growth of agricultural value chains through expanded financial services to underserved groups, geographic locations and new product areas. FIRM will facilitate opportunities for agribusiness development and overall market efficiencies through a package of financial services to vulnerable groups, including young and female smallholder farmers in rural and agricultural sectors.
Value chain development in HR1 and SA2 will require the aggregation of farmers in order to facilitate access to markets, services, financing and technology transfer. Previously, the KMDP contributed to the development of farmer associations, including women associations, in the Western Province and Rift Valley and will continue to do so in the targeted FTFS counties of those provinces. Consequently, the FTFS program will strengthen farmer groups, associations and cooperatives where they can effectively benefit their members.
A key outcome of KMDP from 2002-2010 was to foster a more responsive policy environment for the maize sub-sector. Despite KMDP's involvement in a relatively successful decade of reform, the maize sector and, to a large extent, other staple crops are still characterized by highly guarded value chain positions and often distorted policy. Consequently, the FTFS program will be a strong advocate of a market-driven approach at the national level, providing a key voice to discussions regarding GOK agricultural policies and simultaneously strengthening value chain players to advocate for better policies. The planned continuation of USAID support to the Tegemeo Institute, for example, will play a key role in advocacy based upon empirical evidence to further bolster the GOK policy dialogue.
Finally, promoting NRM and adaptation to climate change will be needed to support the sustainability of impacts under FTF. This will involve the inclusion of sustainable intensification practices (―climate smart‖ practices) in staple crop production including: 1) soil management techniques, such as conservation agriculture and integrated soil fertility management; 2) the inclusion of fertilizer and fodder trees into annual crop production systems (―evergreen agriculture‖); 3) water efficiency measures, such as rainwater capture and storage; and 4) integrated pest management. The ―climate smart‖ practices will be used in combination with drought-tolerant varieties of seeds and inputs to increase productivity, fertilizer use efficiency and climate resilience. While access to and sustainable management of natural resources will be a central theme regardless of income group or geographic area, it is particularly key to addressing the vulnerability of the poorest and most food insecure.
","The Mission is currently reviewing options for reinforcing its existing monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework by establishing a comprehensive knowledge management system that builds links to ongoing initiatives aimed at strengthening U.S. Government, national and regional agriculture sector-wide M&E and knowledge management.
USAID/K will link to the GOK-led and CAADP-mandated ―National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System‖ which will serve as a mutually agreed framework for performance monitoring towards the goal of increasing food security. The Mission also will link its knowledge management system to the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS), an information and knowledge management initiative, to promote and support effective and sustainable agricultural and rural development strategies across Africa. Through ReSAKSS, the Mission will collaborate with the USAID/EA and other Missions in Africa in tracking intra-regional trade data. The Mission will also use ReSAKSS to provide meta-analyses contributing to synthesized studies suitable for shared learning by numerous stakeholders.
The Mission will utilize the following tools in establishing and maintaining its M&E efforts: The Mission’s FTFS Results Framework which is the conceptual and analytical structure that establishes the goals and objectives of the FTF Initiative in Kenya; A performance monitoring/management plan (PMP) comprised of standard and custom FTF performance indicators to track progress toward desired results. Data systems will be developed and refined based on findings of a Mission-wide data quality assessment (DQA) carried out in March/April 2011; Tegemeo Institute poverty analyses in conjunction with Africa Bureau/Sustainable Development Office (AFR/SD); The Mission will undertake local capacity-building investments to improve the quality and frequency of data collection and use; Biannual independent indicator surveys by Tegemeo Institute to gauge progress made towards achieving results and a feedback loop to improve performance; Mid-term and impact evaluations will be carried out to determine the measureable effects of the FTFS investments; and The Mission will engage in regular knowledge-sharing activities with FTFS development partners and implementers to foster learning and use of M&E findings.
","Estimated 502,000 vulnerable Kenyan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 230,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality.",".","","Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance; Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions; Number of producers organizations, water users associations, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance; Percentage of children < 5 years who are underweight","Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance; Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions; Number of producers organizations, water users associations, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance; Percentage of children < 5 years who are underweight","Vulnerable groups","","Biofortification of staple crops>>>Biofortification of staple crops>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/biofortification","Financial resources","Business service provider interventions▪Grow market linkages (domestic and regional)▪Facilitate market development including structured trade and transparent transactions▪Link to input suppliers to expand services▪Provide value chain financing","Supplies","Input supplier interventions▪Expand inventory, crop and dairy services, & reach▪Link to business service providers▪Pilot aggregation (e.g., for WFP P4P program)▪Capacity building for business and financial mgmt.▪New business models","Infrastructure","Processor/buyer interventionsProposed Future USG Engagement▪Capacity building in business and finance▪Development of innovative business models▪Development of premium product schemes▪Link to input suppliers, business service providers, and producer organizations","Stakeholder","Producer organization interventions▪Continue capacity building in business, finance, contracts, grades/standards, productivity▪Link to input suppliers, business service providers, processors","","","","","","","","","","","","","","To capture lesons learnt
Combined Evaluation
Impact study
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Kenya, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 502,000 vulnerable Kenyan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 230,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Kenya is making core investments in three key areas:
Target Regions
Feed the Future is targeting high-rainfall areas with dense populations, high poverty and malnourishment, as well as semi-arid areas. Both areas have great potential for raising agricultural productivity. These target areas also encompass the highest concentrations of malnourished children, female-headed households, and rural poor.
Highlights
Science and Technology. U.S. support to the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute focuses on research on crops for the semi-arid zone, including improved seeds, pest control, and food safety for maize, sorghum, millet, sweet potato, cowpea, and pigeon pea. Feed the Future also works with the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services to increase quality and availability of drought-tolerant crops and varieties.
Engaging Women and Youth. Feed the Future supports activities that empower women and improve the nutritional status of women and children. Women manage an estimated 44 percent of Kenya’s smallholder households and are active at every point in the food chain. Their contribution to commodities, grown mainly in home gardens, is quite significant, providing essential nutrients and often the only food available during the lean seasons or when the main harvest fails. Feed the Future will also engage youth in farming, processing and trading to relieve high levels of youth unemployment. More than 67 percent of the under- and unemployed in Kenya are young women and men of 15 to 30 years of age.
Value Chains. Feed the Future is focusing its efforts on improving several key agricultural value chains: horticulture, dairy and maize for the High Rainfall (HR) areas; and drought-tolerant crops (sorghum/millet and root crop systems), drought-tolerant maize, horticulture, and pulses for Semi-Arid (SA) areas. Attention is focused on every “link” in the value chain—from inputs like fertilizer and seeds, to credit, to production methods, storage, transport, processing, farmers’ cooperatives, and markets in Kenya, East Africa and overseas.
"," DAIRY VALUE CHAIN
The FTFS will build on the Kenya Dairy Sector Competitiveness Program (KDSCP), currently running through April 2013, which aims to improve Kenya’s dairy industry competitiveness, and increase the economic benefits to stakeholders in the entire dairy value chain. However, the KDSCP is only operating in the Central, Rift Valley and a small section of Western Provinces due to high density of dairy cattle and favorable agro-ecological conditions necessary for dairy production.
To improve productivity, KDSCP works with male and female dairy farmers to facilitate their transition from loosely organized groups into sustainable business associations able to either access or provide expanded and diversified services to their members. The KDSCP’s BDS approach facilitates service provision to all actors along the value chain, using a wide range of change agents to train farmers on productivity-enhancing technologies to increase production per cow and reduce costs of production. Fodder preservation is the key to smoothing milk flows over the entire year, and new fodder varieties developed by Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) can improve nutrition and decrease feed costs while increasing milk production. An emerging technology developed by International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) to control crops pests has spillover benefits for dairy. Planting of desmodium and napier grass at specific locations in crop fields controls cereal pests; these crops are also excellent fodder for dairy. Interestingly, it appears that women are more likely than men and youth to adopt many of these feed technologies.
Renewed efforts will be required to bring down the cost of high quality semen, so that smallholders can afford to use AI and improve the genetic potential of their animals. Efficiency of AI can be increased by improving farmers’ ability to recognize correct breeding times and improved skills of inseminators.
Milk cooling centers – a key change agent – provide an excellent platform for producers to access goods and services. The centers enable producers to bulk and chill milk as well as consolidate their needs for services and goods, thereby making it more efficient for the private sector to engage with smallholders. Processors are also key change agents whereby, through a ―check off system,‖ farmers are supplied with feed and AI and vet services, and pay for those services by having the processor deduct costs from each producer’s milk sales. Many banks that lend to dairy farmers require that they have contracts with these processors in order to guarantee their loans.
KDSCP currently focuses much of its activities on dairy quality standards, and assisting farmers, traders and processors to adopt practices that will improve the quality of milk. It works through private and public sector service providers to train smallholder dairy farmers on milk testing techniques, disease prevention and testing with modern technologies. Business Development Service (BDS) providers also facilitate farmer associations to negotiate long-term supply contracts with processors, and to receive premiums for chilled milk. More work is required, however, towards establishing premiums for other important attributes, such as butterfat content. Market information is now more widely accessible to producers through working groups that act to better coordinate the local dairy sector.
It will be important to increase the capacity of cooling centers to implement quality control frameworks, such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), and provide assistance to acquire International Standards Organization (ISO) or equivalent quality certification. Achieving these levels of quality will be essential for Kenyan milk to enter COMESA and other international markets. Support to the Kenya Dairy Board (KDB) and the East and Southern African Dairy Association – important partners in moving Kenya towards meeting regional standards for dairy products – will also help expand Kenya’s reach into COMESA markets.
With increased organization of producers into business associations, producers will be able to increase their investments in herds through upgrading breed quality and investing in feed and animal health technologies. Service providers will have expanded demand for their goods and services (e.g., silage making equipment and forage choppers) and some, such as processors, will have an incentive to invest in expanded facilities. Some examples of investment include Nestlé’s investment in upgrading a milk powder plant at the Kenya Creameries Cooperative (KCC), while the Brookside Dairy has set up a new powder plant. Farmer-owned chilling plants have invested in trucks to transport milk to processors, and two Kenyan insurance agencies are offering insurance products to farmers.
As banks become more knowledgeable about the risks and opportunities in the dairy sector, they are increasingly lending to the sector. Several banks have come forward to finance dairy investments by using guarantee mechanisms to decrease their risk. Access to rural finance will be further improved through USAID’s FIRM Project which, in collaboration with DFID, has established a Value Chain Finance Center to promote financial access through the rural areas for firms all along the value chain.
The FIRM Project (currently running through CY 2013) has conducted a dairy value chain finance analysis that identified profitability at key parts of the value chain. Banks will increase lending in those areas of the value chain that have the most banking potential, thereby increasing investment in the sector. It will be important to identify the less bankable parts of the value chain, such as the dairy feed sector, and concentrate support to improve bankability in those parts to further develop the dairy industry.
The dairy sector also has great potential to contribute to improved NRM practices, so current and future implementers will incorporate best management practices for improved grazing, pasture management, and ―cut and carry‖ techniques to enhance productivity and ecosystem function. This will include encouraging farmers to grow fodder varieties that are complementary to annual crop production, e.g., varieties that are nitrogen fixing or important for biological control of crop pests. Such practices can have co-benefits to staple crop production since inter-cropping certain fodder varieties with annual crops (―evergreen agriculture‖) can increase crop productivity. Manure and run-off from dairy can become environmental and health hazards, but properly managed manure can contribute greatly to improved soil fertility and soil quality, including the retention of water and important soil nutrients. Use of manure is a critical component of integrated soil fertility management and thus, for dairy farmers who also cultivate crops, this is another important co-benefit. Additionally, the generation of biogas will become increasingly important as a source of energy for households as electricity and kerosene become more expensive. Consequently, the nexus between dairy farming and agriculture and ―clean energy‖ will be another area of opportunity to be addressed during the course of the Strategy’s implementation.
These interventions will be particularly important as one aspect of adapting to climate change, and producers will need training in these technologies and practices.
More dairy products available at lower costs encourage increased consumption of this nutrition rich product among lower-income groups. KDSCP works in the informal milk chain where women, the youth and very-poor dominate. Gender sensitive programming and improving quality standards naturally fits with increasing nutritional opportunities in the informal milk chain because mothers often are responsible for child rearing. Not only availing more dairy products and improving milk quality, but increasing messaging about the nutritional benefits of dairy products will encourage consumption of this nutritionally packed food product. Also, improving the informal milk chain will enhance economic benefits for women who dominate informal milk trade and rural youth engaged in off-farm milk transport services.
New support to and capacity building of various GOK and stakeholder organizations will be important to identify issues constraining Kenya’s dairy sector competitiveness. The ongoing KDSCP, however, is building capacity of the Dairy Task Force, with a focus on policy advocacy. The rejuvenated Task Force is currently leading the implementation of policy changes and action plans that are critical to the dairy sector. Assessments of key issues have provided the necessary analyses to inform stakeholders and GOK decision makers. The Task Force is increasing the interaction among value chain actors, the GOK and development partners, and has seen increased efficiencies in the sector, both for donor projects as well as private sector investments. The Dairy Master Plan – which was initially shelved due to inadequate collaboration – is now back on track.
","The Mission is currently reviewing options for reinforcing its existing monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework by establishing a comprehensive knowledge management system that builds links to ongoing initiatives aimed at strengthening U.S. Government, national and regional agriculture sector-wide M&E and knowledge management.
USAID/K will link to the GOK-led and CAADP-mandated ―National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System‖ which will serve as a mutually agreed framework for performance monitoring towards the goal of increasing food security. The Mission also will link its knowledge management system to the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS), an information and knowledge management initiative, to promote and support effective and sustainable agricultural and rural development strategies across Africa. Through ReSAKSS, the Mission will collaborate with the USAID/EA and other Missions in Africa in tracking intra-regional trade data. The Mission will also use ReSAKSS to provide meta-analyses contributing to synthesized studies suitable for shared learning by numerous stakeholders.
The Mission will utilize the following tools in establishing and maintaining its M&E efforts: The Mission’s FTFS Results Framework which is the conceptual and analytical structure that establishes the goals and objectives of the FTF Initiative in Kenya; A performance monitoring/management plan (PMP) comprised of standard and custom FTF performance indicators to track progress toward desired results. Data systems will be developed and refined based on findings of a Mission-wide data quality assessment (DQA) carried out in March/April 2011; Tegemeo Institute poverty analyses in conjunction with Africa Bureau/Sustainable Development Office (AFR/SD); The Mission will undertake local capacity-building investments to improve the quality and frequency of data collection and use; Biannual independent indicator surveys by Tegemeo Institute to gauge progress made towards achieving results and a feedback loop to improve performance; Mid-term and impact evaluations will be carried out to determine the measureable effects of the FTFS investments; and The Mission will engage in regular knowledge-sharing activities with FTFS development partners and implementers to foster learning and use of M&E findings.
","Estimated 502,000 vulnerable Kenyan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 230,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality.",".","","Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance; Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions; Number of producers organizations, water users associations, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance; Percentage of children < 5 years who are underweight","Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance; Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions; Number of producers organizations, water users associations, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance; Percentage of children < 5 years who are underweight","Socio-economic status","","","Supplies","","Financial resources","","Infrastructure","","Stakeholder","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","To capture lessons learned
Combined Evaluation
Impact study
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Kenya, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 502,000 vulnerable Kenyan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 230,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Kenya is making core investments in three key areas:
Target Regions
Feed the Future is targeting high-rainfall areas with dense populations, high poverty and malnourishment, as well as semi-arid areas. Both areas have great potential for raising agricultural productivity. These target areas also encompass the highest concentrations of malnourished children, female-headed households, and rural poor.
Highlights
Science and Technology. U.S. support to the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute focuses on research on crops for the semi-arid zone, including improved seeds, pest control, and food safety for maize, sorghum, millet, sweet potato, cowpea, and pigeon pea. Feed the Future also works with the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services to increase quality and availability of drought-tolerant crops and varieties.
Engaging Women and Youth. Feed the Future supports activities that empower women and improve the nutritional status of women and children. Women manage an estimated 44 percent of Kenya’s smallholder households and are active at every point in the food chain. Their contribution to commodities, grown mainly in home gardens, is quite significant, providing essential nutrients and often the only food available during the lean seasons or when the main harvest fails. Feed the Future will also engage youth in farming, processing and trading to relieve high levels of youth unemployment. More than 67 percent of the under- and unemployed in Kenya are young women and men of 15 to 30 years of age.
Value Chains. Feed the Future is focusing its efforts on improving several key agricultural value chains: horticulture, dairy and maize for the High Rainfall (HR) areas; and drought-tolerant crops (sorghum/millet and root crop systems), drought-tolerant maize, horticulture, and pulses for Semi-Arid (SA) areas. Attention is focused on every “link” in the value chain—from inputs like fertilizer and seeds, to credit, to production methods, storage, transport, processing, farmers’ cooperatives, and markets in Kenya, East Africa and overseas.
","HORTICULTURE VALUE CHAIN
Horticulture has a distinct link to decreasing under-nutrition. Promoting production and marketing of high-nutrition horticultural crops and increasing messaging about the nutritional benefits associated with highly nutritious horticultural products will encourage increased consumption of these foods. For example, kitchen and community gardens provide excellent sources of nutrition for those who have limited access to land and/or resources. These gardens are also often managed by women. Decision-making over products from ―kitchen gardens‖ is often relegated to women for household consumption. Also, women earn direct income from marketing of surpluses from kitchen gardens.
KHCP is currently working in seven zones, including the HR1 and SA2 regions. Consequently, during the course of the FTFS implementation but in a deliberate timed fashion, the KHCP will evolve its program of activities to focus on the HR1 and SA2 regions.
Currently, KHCP expects to have the following impacts by February 2015, but these will be revised in accordance with the smooth transition to the new focus areas:
The Mission is currently reviewing options for reinforcing its existing monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework by establishing a comprehensive knowledge management system that builds links to ongoing initiatives aimed at strengthening U.S. Government, national and regional agriculture sector-wide M&E and knowledge management.
USAID/K will link to the GOK-led and CAADP-mandated ―National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System‖ which will serve as a mutually agreed framework for performance monitoring towards the goal of increasing food security. The Mission also will link its knowledge management system to the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS), an information and knowledge management initiative, to promote and support effective and sustainable agricultural and rural development strategies across Africa. Through ReSAKSS, the Mission will collaborate with the USAID/EA and other Missions in Africa in tracking intra-regional trade data. The Mission will also use ReSAKSS to provide meta-analyses contributing to synthesized studies suitable for shared learning by numerous stakeholders.
The Mission will utilize the following tools in establishing and maintaining its M&E efforts: The Mission’s FTFS Results Framework which is the conceptual and analytical structure that establishes the goals and objectives of the FTF Initiative in Kenya; A performance monitoring/management plan (PMP) comprised of standard and custom FTF performance indicators to track progress toward desired results. Data systems will be developed and refined based on findings of a Mission-wide data quality assessment (DQA) carried out in March/April 2011; Tegemeo Institute poverty analyses in conjunction with Africa Bureau/Sustainable Development Office (AFR/SD); The Mission will undertake local capacity-building investments to improve the quality and frequency of data collection and use; Biannual independent indicator surveys by Tegemeo Institute to gauge progress made towards achieving results and a feedback loop to improve performance; Mid-term and impact evaluations will be carried out to determine the measureable effects of the FTFS investments; and The Mission will engage in regular knowledge-sharing activities with FTFS development partners and implementers to foster learning and use of M&E findings.
","Estimated 502,000 vulnerable Kenyan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 230,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. ",".","","Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance; Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions; Number of producers organizations, water users associations, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance; Percentage of children < 5 years who are underweight","Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance; Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions; Number of producers organizations, water users associations, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance; Percentage of children < 5 years who are underweight","Sex","","","Supplies","","Financial resources","","Stakeholder","","Infrastructure","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","To capture lessons learnt
Combined Evaluation
Impact study
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Kenya, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 502,000 vulnerable Kenyan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 230,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Kenya is making core investments in three key areas:
Target Regions
Feed the Future is targeting high-rainfall areas with dense populations, high poverty and malnourishment, as well as semi-arid areas. Both areas have great potential for raising agricultural productivity. These target areas also encompass the highest concentrations of malnourished children, female-headed households, and rural poor.
Highlights
Science and Technology. U.S. support to the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute focuses on research on crops for the semi-arid zone, including improved seeds, pest control, and food safety for maize, sorghum, millet, sweet potato, cowpea, and pigeon pea. Feed the Future also works with the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services to increase quality and availability of drought-tolerant crops and varieties.
Engaging Women and Youth. Feed the Future supports activities that empower women and improve the nutritional status of women and children. Women manage an estimated 44 percent of Kenya’s smallholder households and are active at every point in the food chain. Their contribution to commodities, grown mainly in home gardens, is quite significant, providing essential nutrients and often the only food available during the lean seasons or when the main harvest fails. Feed the Future will also engage youth in farming, processing and trading to relieve high levels of youth unemployment. More than 67 percent of the under- and unemployed in Kenya are young women and men of 15 to 30 years of age.
Value Chains. Feed the Future is focusing its efforts on improving several key agricultural value chains: horticulture, dairy and maize for the High Rainfall (HR) areas; and drought-tolerant crops (sorghum/millet and root crop systems), drought-tolerant maize, horticulture, and pulses for Semi-Arid (SA) areas. Attention is focused on every “link” in the value chain—from inputs like fertilizer and seeds, to credit, to production methods, storage, transport, processing, farmers’ cooperatives, and markets in Kenya, East Africa and overseas.
","Women will form a core target group in the s FTFS because of their critical role in food production and nutrition in Kenya. It is estimated that nearly half or 44 percent of Kenya’s smallholder households are managed by women. This is largely attributed to rapid rural to urban migration by men in search of employment. Women are active at every point in the food chain and are often responsible for protecting the safety and wholesomeness of food in their households. Their contribution to food commodities such as pulses, potatoes, legumes, sorghum, fruits and vegetables is quite significant. Grown mainly in home gardens, they provide essential nutrients and are often the only food available during the lean seasons or when the main harvest fails.
In the dairy sector, women and the ultra-poor predominate in the informal milk chain. A gender value chain assessment completed by USAID in High Rainfall Zone 1 found that while the ―morning‖ milk is sold to processors, the ―evening‖ milk is often left for family consumption under the control of women in the majority of male-headed households. Most surpluses after consumption are sold in the informal chain, generating income directly for women in these households.
By FY10, female-headed households comprised 49 percent of households that benefited from USAID/K assistance. Strategies that contributed to increased women’s participation included decentralized extension approaches that are tailored to suit women’s time schedules, promotion of ―gender-balanced‖ crops and leadership training for women, and use of embedded business development service (BDS). The horticulture program recorded the highest number of women beneficiaries by supporting nutritious crops – including leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes, beans and butternut squash – where women predominate in production and marketing, and where they have greater control over revenues. Horticulture marketing contracts between women’s groups and buyers were established, allowing women to receive their payments directly.
The Kenyan FTFS will support activities that economically empower women and improve the nutritional status of women and children. Building on USAID/K’s past successes in gender and value chains, the FTFS will: Increase women’s gains by expanding support to nutritious horticultural and staple food crops; Promote private sector response by which small improvements to the informal milk chain, where women and the poor and ultra-poor predominate, could lead to healthier and more affordable options; Through the FTF Innovation Engine, seek innovations that promote local-level processing of fortified foods, such as through ―posho mills,‖ that are easily accessible and affordable to rural women; Catalyze social innovation approaches that reduce gender inequalities in agricultural production and benefits from production – such as innovations in agricultural labor saving technologies and practices to reduce women’s labor burden, linking women to extension and markets and promoting farming as a family business; Undertake gender-value chain assessments for each of the targeted sub-sectors in FTF geographical areas to guide implementation; and Scale-up training on integration of gender in value chains to all FTFS partners.
","The Mission is currently reviewing options for reinforcing its existing monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework by establishing a comprehensive knowledge management system that builds links to ongoing initiatives aimed at strengthening U.S. Government, national and regional agriculture sector-wide M&E and knowledge management.
USAID/K will link to the GOK-led and CAADP-mandated ―National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System‖ which will serve as a mutually agreed framework for performance monitoring towards the goal of increasing food security. The Mission also will link its knowledge management system to the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS), an information and knowledge management initiative, to promote and support effective and sustainable agricultural and rural development strategies across Africa. Through ReSAKSS, the Mission will collaborate with the USAID/EA and other Missions in Africa in tracking intra-regional trade data. The Mission will also use ReSAKSS to provide meta-analyses contributing to synthesized studies suitable for shared learning by numerous stakeholders.
The Mission will utilize the following tools in establishing and maintaining its M&E efforts: The Mission’s FTFS Results Framework which is the conceptual and analytical structure that establishes the goals and objectives of the FTF Initiative in Kenya; A performance monitoring/management plan (PMP) comprised of standard and custom FTF performance indicators to track progress toward desired results. Data systems will be developed and refined based on findings of a Mission-wide data quality assessment (DQA) carried out in March/April 2011; Tegemeo Institute poverty analyses in conjunction with Africa Bureau/Sustainable Development Office (AFR/SD); The Mission will undertake local capacity-building investments to improve the quality and frequency of data collection and use; Biannual independent indicator surveys by Tegemeo Institute to gauge progress made towards achieving results and a feedback loop to improve performance; Mid-term and impact evaluations will be carried out to determine the measureable effects of the FTFS investments; and The Mission will engage in regular knowledge-sharing activities with FTFS development partners and implementers to foster learning and use of M&E findings.
","Estimated 502,000 vulnerable Kenyan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 230,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality.",".","","Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance; Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions; Number of producers organizations, water users associations, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance; Percentage of children < 5 years who are underweight","Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance; Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions; Number of producers organizations, water users associations, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance; Percentage of children < 5 years who are underweight","Sex","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","To capture lessons learnt
Combined Evaluation
Impact study
Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","The USG will make investments in nutrition across three critical sectors; agriculture, health, and social protection, with nutrition as the lynchpin between these sectors. As such, the USG will implement a comprehensive approach that maximizes all three sectors and strengthens and links the nutrition components of each. These investments will be underpinned by a core set of nutrition indicators that are common across all programs, and will be supported by policy investments that mirror the comprehensive nature of nutrition programming by working with the Office of the President’s Cabinet (OPC) and the Ministries of Agriculture and Food Security, Health, and Gender.
Building on lessons and experiences from current programs implementing preventive nutrition activities (e.g., the WALA and BASICS projects), USG resources will scale up prevention of undernutrition and resiliency of communities, while maintaining critical investments in treatment and nutrition service delivery. The rationale for this shift is due to the overall high prevalence of chronic undernutrition (47 percent) and the low prevalence of acute undernutrition (4 percent), the latter of which has been achieved by sustained commitment to scaling up CMAM. As a result, the USG will aim to drive a decrease in stunting as the highest level objective in FTF. The USG plans to focus on cost-effective preventive nutrition interventions targeting the 1,000 days window of development (pregnancy through two years), including maternal nutrition; early and exclusive breastfeeding through six months; use of appropriate, diverse foods beginning at six months of age; targeted micronutrient supplementation; and improved hygiene and sanitation. Activities will be integrated into health, HIV, and agriculture platforms, taking full advantage of the resources that these programs have. These investments leverage funding from health (Global Health and Child Survival), agriculture (Development Assistance), and Title II to advance nutrition objectives. The Care Group model encompasses a combined FTF and GHI approach to reduce poverty, hunger, and undernutrition by joining two complementary lines of investment at an operational level:
The objectives of the Care Groups complement value chain development activities by building capacity of:
Community-Level Organizations and Integration with Government of Malawi Systems for Health and Agricultural Extension
The Care Group in the context of this model is notable in that it supports a sustainable and simultaneous approach to agriculture, nutrition, and microfinance. Cross-fertilization of nutrition and agricultural messaging and skill building, as well as the opportunity to create cross-sector targets and results frameworks allows for a uniquely comprehensive approach.
Volunteers are trained and facilitated to conduct community outreach and follow-up in both agricultural- and health-focused nutrition interventions, thus supporting an operational link between nutrition and agriculture programming. Each volunteer takes on responsibility for conducting outreach and follow-up to some 10-12 nearby households. Care Group volunteers also have access to agricultural inputs to start and maintain community gardens, as well as engage in income-diversification through activities such as establishing voluntary savings and loan activities. Access to these inputs provides motivation and support for implementing targeted nutrition-focused interventions focused on behavior change, including:
Linking the agriculture and value chain components of the project with health and nutrition promotion at the community level is especially advantageous in that it provides opportunities to address two key crosscutting areas:
Prevention Linked with Health Service Delivery
The USG’s approach to service delivery covers community level action, improvement of quality at all levels of facilities, and strengthening the central and district level systems of management. This provides a common platform for multi-thematic messages and programs, ensuring that there are ―no missed opportunities‖. It also ensures a focused yet comprehensive basic package accessible to the Malawian population that stretches across the continuum of care from community to facility and from facility to community. At the community level, the Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) and health volunteers will continue to focus on interpersonal counseling, limited preventive and curative care through village clinics and drug boxes, and to create demand for services at the health facilities across family planning, maternal and neonatal health, child health, nutrition, malaria and HIV areas. At the facility level, the USG will support improved quality of care for existing interventions that target integrated and comprehensive primary health care provision and performance based incentives. At the national, zonal and district levels, USG programs will continue to strengthen the financial, management and leadership capabilities of the Ministry of Health staff. Also, programs will work closely with the technical staff to provide technical assistance and work toward meaningful policy changes. At all levels, USG resources will focus on integration of social and behavior change communication efforts through community and facility level entry points.
An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Vulnerable groups","","Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>>Breastfeeding – exclusive breastfeeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/exclusive_breastfeeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","Although the main focus will be on preventing childhood undernutrition, USAID/Malawi will continue to support CMAM, building on past investments. Since 2005, USAID has supported the integration of CMAM in existing health care services. Partners are working at both the policy and community levels to ensure this integration. As of December 2009, 24 out of 28 districts are implementing CMAM in over 240 health facilities. The USG will support one additional year of the MoH’s CMAM Advisory Service to finalize the transition of complete CMAM scale-up to the GoM. An evaluation in 2012 will help inform the USG on the areas needing further investment.
Through two GDAs with Project Peanut Butter, a local producer of ready-to use therapeutic food (RUTF), USAID/Malawi’s support has resulted in an annual production capacity of over 1,200 MT of RUTF, which, when combined with production from a second local producer of RUTF, more than meets the total requirements of RUTF for Malawi, with capacity to export to neighboring countries. The USG will take advantage of this existing capacity to explore the development and promotion of ready to use supplementary and complementary foods.
","An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Vulnerable groups","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","The USG will support GoM's efforts towards fortification of prioritized centrally processed foods, namely: sugar, oil, wheat and maize flour, and complementary baby foods. Data from the National Micronutrient Survey shows that the consumption of these foods has increased over the last ten years. USAID health funding will continue to support the universal salt iodization program in order to sustain the gains made with previous investments. Although not sufficient to forestall stunting in children under five, one necessary input is a high quality, low-cost complementary food. The legume and dairy value chains present a unique opportunity for the development of such a product. Malawi will take advantage and work with existing food processors (e.g., Rab processors, Project Peanut Butter and Valid Nutrition) to develop a suitable product.
Prevention and control of micronutrient malnutrition will require a concerted effort by all USAID/Malawi’s health programs, namely, malaria, family planning, maternal, neonatal and child health, HIV/AIDS and nutrition. Possible USG support to SUN for specific activities with deliverables in FY11 include the following:
An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age; Prevalence of wasted children under five years of age; Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet; Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months; Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger","Vulnerable groups","","Complementary feeding>>>Complementary feeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","USG investments in legume and dairy value chains are designed to boost competitiveness and promote diversification into higher-return value chains that will also spawn non-farm employment opportunities. While these investments in economic growth will be necessary to reduce poverty and hunger, they will be insufficient by themselves. Beyond growth, poverty reduction will require targeted interventions that address the needs of smallholder farmers (the rural poor) as well as more vulnerable populations. A significant smallholder need is to produce more from a very limited resource base. Conservation farming practices offer promise in this regard, by increasing yields, soil fertility and soil moisture content per unit area. Importantly CF offers a window of opportunity to increase yield from a fixed unit area, freeing up land for diversification of both other cereals and legumes. Improving market and input access and the affordability of business development and financial services tailored to the needs of smallholders is critical in order to ―pull‖ rural households into income-raising activities.
Integrating Nutrition with Value Chains (INVC)
INVC is designed to combine the livelihood benefits of an agricultural value chain approach with the nutrition benefits of increased dietary diversification. This centerpiece of Malawi’s FTF strategy will invest in the competitiveness of food staple value chains in which large numbers of smallholders, over 56 percent of whom are below the poverty line, participate, and link increased household production of nutritious crops to household consumption and improved nutritional status. INVC will link value chain development and increased household income to improved nutrition through diet diversification, and improvements in food storage, preparation, and consumption practices at the household level.
INVC’s value chain approach will focus on legumes (groundnuts and soy) and dairy, and is designed to facilitate change in both the individual value chains and the broader market and household-farming systems, looking for synergies across value chains such as common constraints and/or actors. A strong emphasis will be placed on improving the demand side of the value chain, by working to improve market linkages between input and output dealers through improved and more reliable services, including financial, business development, agronomic and livestock-related services. While most of INVC’s efforts will further develop and strengthen Malawi’s existing input and output markets serving the legumes and dairy value chains, the program will also include strengthening the capacity of processors and agribusinesses to meet export market demands, as well as building the capacity of smallholder suppliers to meet buyer demands. At the same time, INVC will work to mitigate the risks for rural households to diversify their income and food sources beyond maize through an option of conducting a vulnerability assessment for its target population and to access nutritional education that will help them translate a more diverse basket of food into improved nutrition. INVC will place a particular emphasis on women’s economic empowerment across all of its activities, including additional support and guidance to women owned businesses and women producers.
INVC will spur investment and innovation in the legume and dairy value chains through an Innovation and Investment Facility meant to provide INVC a tool to identify and support specific opportunities that can further strengthen the selected value chains and market systems within which they operate. An important use of the facility will be to buy down risk for a firm, farmer, or other value chain actor in order to encourage early adoption of new technologies, such as CF by smallholders, and spur sector-wide innovation. Facility partners may include private firms, GoM agencies, research institutes, NGOs or other local organizations, as well as other donors best placed to identify new solutions to key value chain and systemic43 constraints. This Innovation and Investment Facility will be a key instrument for developing the capacity of the private sector and will also have targets and incentives for the participation of women-owned enterprises or individuals.
A core principle of INVC will also be to build the capacity of the key value chain actors to address the competitiveness of their value chain through their own projects and interventions. As such, INVC will place a strong emphasis on building local capacity to contribute to and invest in agricultural transformation. While Malawi has numerous small businesses, local NGOs and private sector and civil society organizations, few, if any, have both the technical and administrative capacity to implement USAID projects without support. As such, INVC’s approach to capacity building will be to invest resources in local partners while leveraging their local knowledge and capacity to generate results. The project will have a target for graduating local partners to independent status that would allow them to receive USAID funds directly. As partners reach this independent status, they would take on current functions of INVC.
","An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Percent change in agricultural GDP (monitor national trend); Per Capita expenditures of rural households (proxy for income) of USG targeted beneficiaries; Gender index; Gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product; Value of incremental sales (collected at farm- level) attributed to FTF; Percent change in diversity of agricultural commodities produced by households; Number of newly created jobs attributed to FTF Value of new private sector investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF","Percent change in agricultural GDP (monitor national trend); Per Capita expenditures of rural households (proxy for income) of USG targeted beneficiaries; Gender index; Gross margin per unit of land or animal of selected product; Value of incremental sales (collected at farm- level) attributed to FTF; Percent change in diversity of agricultural commodities produced by households; Number of newly created jobs attributed to FTF Value of new private sector investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF","Vulnerable groups","","Biofortification of staple crops>>>Biofortification of staple crops>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/biofortification","Supplies","A significant constraint to the development of competitive groundnut and soybean value chains is the inadequate production of breeder seed. Ten years ago, USAID/Malawi established a $250,000 revolving fund to support ICRISAT in contracting out groundnut breeder seed production, but the FISP addition of legume seed packs the significant gross margins of legumes has driven demand far beyond local seed production capacity. Given the importance of reliable input supplies to Malawi’s FTF strategy, USAID and Irish Aid will partner to expand local capacity for production of quality, certified legume seed. USAID will invest in expanding the existing revolving fund and link in the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture to enable the expansion of their efforts in soy breeder seed production. Irish AID will expand its assistance to small and medium sized enterprises to develop their capacity of to multiply groundnut seed – currently only one company (Seed Co.) is involved in soybean seed production using privately developed germplasm.","Infrastructure","Malawi also lacks an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certified laboratory for testing and certifying groundnuts and soybeans, which limits access by exporters to broader export markets. Currently, companies that export groundnuts send samples to South Africa for testing, which is costly and limits export capacity. With Irish Aid support, ICRISAT and NASFAM are developing a low cost, rapid testing technology; however, achieving ISO certification will be costly. The EU and UNDP will also begin work next year on a project designed to support the processing and exports side of legume value chains, a major component of which will focus on bringing the Malawi Bureau of Standards up to ISO certification. USG resources will support GoM efforts to establish a national sanitary/phyto-sanitary (SPS) strategy and achieve COMESA SPS compliance, as well as to build the capacity of Bunda College and the MoAFS research stations to conduction aflatoxin mitigation research.","Financial resources","Access to finance remains a major constraint to smallholders investing in productivity enhancing technologies due to weak financial sector infrastructure, inadequate financial services options, and GoM regulatory capacity. USAID will jointly develop a Financial Sector Technical Assistance Project with the World Bank and DfID.","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11605","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MWI","Malawi","Dedza|Mchinji|Lilongwe|Ntcheu|Mangochi|Balaka|Machinga","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Malawi, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
","In view of the capacity challenges that exist, USAID will strengthen the capacity of the GoM to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate nutrition programs. With substantial funding increases anticipated through the FTF, USAID/Malawi will ensure that GoM institutions have adequate capacity to implement the various programs that will be designed under the initiative. This activity is in line with Strategic Objective Three of the NNPSP, which clearly outlines the capacity gaps and needs for the nutrition sector in Malawi. The USG will strengthen capacity of its partners, both government and non- governmental, as well as the private sector. USG support will be at three levels: community, institutional and tertiary. Irish Aid, the World Bank, CIDA, and the EU are all key donors in capacity building.
Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (SAKSS)
Since 2008, USAID/Malawi has supported a SAKSS unit implemented through the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) at the MoAFS. The objectives of this activity are threefold: 1) generate demand-driven diagnostic and strategic research to fill key knowledge gaps, 2) establish an information and knowledge support system, in cooperation with the Southern Africa Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System that has been set up to help promote peer and progress review of the CAADP, and 3) strengthen the capacity of national institutions, such as the MoAFS, in policy and strategy research. The Malawi Mission plans to extend the work of the SAKSS unit as part of capacity building support under FTF.
Malawi Agriculture Policy Strengthening (MAPS)
Strong civil society and private sector networks are critical to implementing the ASWAp in a way that responds to the evolving needs of its stakeholders. In recent decades, weak capacity and declining GoM interest in inclusive policy making is leading Malawi’s CAADP process towards a Government-owned rather than Country-owned process. Grounded in the CAADP principles of increasing stakeholder participation in the policy making process,44 the Malawi Agriculture Policy Strengthening (MAPS) program is designed to increase the participation of private sector and civil society stakeholders in agriculture policy dialogue.
MAPS will increase the profile, capacity and engagement of civil society and private sector stakeholders in agriculture policy development and implementation through a combination of capacity building interventions and establishing linkages between producers and consumers, including state and non-state actors, of high quality policy research. Though not exclusively, MAPS will focus on key stakeholders along the proposed FTF value chains.
MAPS capacity building activities will focus on improving organizational ability to meet its goals and objectives by strengthening administrative and financial management, organizational structure and strategic planning. The second focus of the project will strengthen policy analysis and advocacy capacity through building linkages between Malawian farmers and private sector associations and regional networks and research institutions, such as local and regional universities among civil society groups. MAPS will similarly link GoM counterparts to those research institutions to improve their ability to become informed consumers of stakeholder policy advocacy. These two components will account for the varying levels of development and readiness of organizations and associations in Malawi to take on advocacy activities. MAPS will also focus on elevating the voices of women in policy dialogue by targeting women-led civil-society/public service organizations for organizational capacity building and providing additional women-focused leadership training and gender equity sensitization to facilitate women taking on leadership roles within larger organizations.
","An important element of the multi-year FTF Strategy is monitoring and evaluation, which is an iterative learning process that will put into place the principle of a sustained and accountable delivery approach. Program activities must be monitored through periodic field visits by Mission staff and ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. Mission staff has a key role to play in monitoring and learning from partners both through oversight and input to design of project level M&E plans and systems and also through follow-up on quarterly reports and other communication with partners.
The integration of agricultural, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Also, the Malawi FTF Strategy will foster linkages among existing programs, which will harmonize key agriculture and nutrition and indicators across relevant areas of focus.
Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) teams at USAID/Malawi will work together to integrate M&E systems and processes in order to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors not captured through the agriculture/nutrition overlap. There is currently significant USG investment on the part of USAID through PEPFAR and GHI in health systems strengthening, family planning, and malaria and tuberculosis reduction among others in the geographic areas targeted through FTF. We believe it is critical to capture at the highest level the combined impact of FTF and GHI/PEPFAR in order to reduce duplication, increase the applicability of data across interventions and most importantly, learn across programs in order to improve and increase efficiency and impact of all USAID investments in Malawi. This integration of M&E function may take the form of harmonized M&E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring visits by SEG and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting and evaluation methods, roles and communication channels result in improved project and program management, promote ongoing learning and testing of development hypotheses and ensure accountability. A fully functioning M&E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission’s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the GoM and other development partners.
USAID/Malawi is currently refining Mission processes in line with the requirements and recommendations of the newly announced USAID Evaluation Policy. To that end, and in preparation for the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), SEG will identify further impact evaluation questions and set aside funds for impact evaluation in 2011. This will serve as solid preparation for FTF-focused evaluation activities in subsequent years.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 281,000 vulnerable Malawian women, children, and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 293,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition","Central and southern regions","","Number of institutions/organizations undergoing capacity /competency assessments as a result of USG assistance; Number of institutions/organizations mature/viable in the competency areas strengthened as a result of USG assistance Frequency of GoM consultation with civil society/private sector on relevant policies; Comparison of programmatic objectives Pre and post FtF funding distribution; Number of new funding mechanisms","Number of institutions/organizations undergoing capacity /competency assessments as a result of USG assistance; Number of institutions/organizations mature/viable in the competency areas strengthened as a result of USG assistance Frequency of GoM consultation with civil society/private sector on relevant policies; Comparison of programmatic objectives Pre and post FtF funding distribution; Number of new funding mechanisms","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The first set of core investments in USG/Mozambique‘s FTF strategy provides smallholders with links to input and output markets in selected value chains. The focus of this set of investments will be on oilseeds (sesame, groundnuts, and soybeans), cashews, and fruit (e.g., pineapple, mango and bananas). The main objective is inclusive agriculture sector growth, which FTF/Mozambique will achieve through increased and sustained agricultural productivity, expanded markets and trade, and increased private sector investment in agriculture and nutrition-related activities. Investment in these value chains will improve income opportunities for smallholders, increase access to nutritious foods, and facilitate competitiveness of small scale farmers in these value chains.
Oilseeds
This program will facilitate the development of long-term linkages between smallholders that produce groundnuts, sesame, and/or soybeans and input and output markets. This will include efforts to bring better farming practices and inputs to the farm level, as well as linking production to markets through aggregation and farmer organizations. Specific activities include:
Technical assistance and grants to farmer associations/ cooperatives and agro-service centers, to enable them to provide
Support to build mentoring business relationships between commercial and emerging farmers, which are farmers that overcame size and productivity constraints and farm sizes between10 and 50 hectares. These commercial farmers provide some or all of the following to the emerging farmers:
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty.","Zambesia and Nampula Provinces","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The first set of core investments in USG/Mozambique‘s FTF strategy provides smallholders with links to input and output markets in selected value chains. The focus of this set of investments will be on oilseeds (sesame, groundnuts, and soybeans), cashews, and fruit (e.g., pineapple, mango and bananas). The main objective is inclusive agriculture sector growth, which FTF/Mozambique will achieve through increased and sustained agricultural productivity, expanded markets and trade, and increased private sector investment in agriculture and nutrition-related activities. Investment in these value chains will improve income opportunities for smallholders, increase access to nutritious foods, and facilitate competitiveness of small scale farmers in these value chains.
Cashews
This investment builds on USAID/Mozambique‘s history of successful cashew sector development. This experience includes USAID Title II support to nurseries in seedling production and distribution and DA support to the local cashew processing industry – the latter resulting in one of the most vibrant cashew processing sectors in Africa. Building on this track record, FTF will now invest in a major supply-side constraint: renewing the existing stock of cashew plants. Mozambique has the oldest population of cashew trees in Africa (some trees are more than 80 years old) and overall productivity is decreasing rapidly. Thus, our FTF investment in cashews focuses on the expansion of cashew nurseries to supply new cashew seedlings and to extend pruning and crafting practices for existing trees.
Specific activities include:
Technical assistance and grants to existing nurseries or other investors (e.g., cashew processors, entrepreneurs) to incentivize establishing nurseries and supply seedlings and extension (nurseries to offer a package of seedlings, and training in seedling maintenance, crafting, and pruning; farmers to pay for this service).
Technical assistance and support to farmer and community organizations for them to support smallholders in grafting, pruning, and seedling care monitoring, and pass on processor-financed incentive payments for tree care.
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty.",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The first set of core investments in USG/Mozambique‘s FTF strategy provides smallholders with links to input and output markets in selected value chains. The focus of this set of investments will be on oilseeds (sesame, groundnuts, and soybeans), cashews, and fruit (e.g., pineapple, mango and bananas). The main objective is inclusive agriculture sector growth, which FTF/Mozambique will achieve through increased and sustained agricultural productivity, expanded markets and trade, and increased private sector investment in agriculture and nutrition-related activities. Investment in these value chains will improve income opportunities for smallholders, increase access to nutritious foods, and facilitate competitiveness of small scale farmers in these value chains.
Fruit
Fruit is farmed by more than a million households in the focus regions, but currently provides very limited income opportunities. FTF will primarily focus on improving the income potential of domestic fruit, by supporting the development of a domestic processing sector. The underlying hypothesis is that upon successful development of the domestic fruit sector, smallholders can play an increasing role in a viable export market (e.g. through outgrower schemes). Nutrition activities will be co-located to ensure improved consumption of fruits on a household level.
Specific activities include:
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty.",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The second set of core investments will focus on scaling up the delivery of key nutrition interventions in the focus regions, acting on both the demand and supply side. On the demand side, FTF will invest in documenting and reinforcing improved nutrition behaviors through district and community based nutrition activities including growth monitoring and promotion (building on USAID Title II support in Zambezia and Nampula) and the promotion of optimal nutrition-related behaviors (building on PEPFAR infrastructure in Sofala and Manica). On the supply side, FTF will encourage the availability of nutritious foods through a Nutrition Challenge Fund.
Community-Based Nutrition Activities
FTF/Mozambique will address Mozambique‘s high undernutrition rates through a comprehensive, standard program of activities at the community level that includes growth monitoring, promotion of optimal infant and young child feeding practices, and dietary diversity and quality for pregnant and lactating women. Specific activities include:
","
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","Complementary feeding>>>Complementary feeding>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2012","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
The second set of core investments will focus on scaling up the delivery of key nutrition interventions in the focus regions, acting on both the demand and supply side. On the demand side, FTF will invest in documenting and reinforcing improved nutrition behaviors through district and community based nutrition activities including growth monitoring and promotion (building on USAID Title II support in Zambezia and Nampula) and the promotion of optimal nutrition-related behaviors (building on PEPFAR infrastructure in Sofala and Manica). On the supply side, FTF will encourage the availability of nutritious foods through a Nutrition Challenge Fund.
Nutrition Challenge Fund
FTF Mozambique will also stimulate the supply of nutritious, diverse, and quality foods. FTF/Mozambique will do this through a Nutrition Challenge Fund: a competitive grant scheme that encourages innovations in agro-processing (e.g. fortification, food processing) that reach a large share of the vulnerable population to improve nutrition. The competitive grant will be available to the private sector or community organizations, who will be selected based primarily on impact, innovation, and sustainability of the business model. Other potential criteria for selection include financial leverage, number of suppliers and consumers reached, and synergies with USG programs. FTF/Mozambique plans to leverage at least as much funding as will be contributed, although the aspiration is to leverage double our funding. The grants will provide up-front financing and technical assistance to ensure a successful venture.
","Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality..",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
USG/Mozambique will support FTF objectives and program activities through cross-cutting investments in policy analysis and advocacy, as well as research and technology transfer.
Policy
Policy analysis and advocacy is targeted to support an accelerated CAADP process, business and trade policy reform (particularly in the fruit sector), an integrated policy agenda for agriculture and nutrition, and policy supporting growth monitoring and nutrition. Specific initiatives include:
","
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
USG/Mozambique will support FTF objectives and program activities through cross-cutting investments in policy analysis and advocacy, as well as research and technology transfer.
Research and Technology Transfer
USG/Mozambique will leverage its comparative advantage in research and technology transfer, focusing support on the introduction and dissemination of new technologies. FTF/Mozambique will achieve this through support to the Mozambique Platform for Agricultural Research and Technology Innovation, which engages International Agricultural Research Centers (IARCs) and Brazil‘s national agricultural research enterprise (EMBRAPA). Main initiatives include:
Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11612","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","MOZ","Mozambique","Zambezia Province|Nampula Province|Sofala Province|Manica Province","Rural","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is establishing a lasting foundation for progress against global hunger. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth that increases incomes and reduces hunger, poverty, and undernutrition. Feed the Future efforts are driven by country-led priorities and rooted in partnership with donor organizations, the private sector, and civil society to enable long-term success. Feed the Future aims to assist millions of vulnerable women, children, and family members to escape hunger and poverty, while also reaching significant numbers of children with highly effective nutrition interventions to prevent stunting and child mortality.
Over the next five years in Mozambique, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 346,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
Supporting women in agriculture and household nutrition is essential to the success of this strategy. Agriculture employs 90 percent of Mozambique‘s female labor force, and a quarter of all farming households are women-headed. Women are also the leaders on nutrition in the household. USG/Mozambique‘s FTF strategy supports women by:
Training women as trainers of other women in nutrition benefits and improved household processing of soybeans, orange fleshed sweet potato and cowpeas.
",".
","Using guidance from the January 2011, USAID Evaluation Policy, USAID/Mozambique will employ monitoring and evaluation (M & E) personnel to gather evidence of how FTF Mozambique projects are sustainably reducing poverty and hunger. USAID/Mozambique‘s Agriculture, Trade and Business Office (ATB) staff will be responsible for supervising M & E work. USG/Mozambique will monitor and evaluate overall FTF investments to ensure that they are achieving objectives and maximizing returns. Program activities must be tracked through periodic field visits by Mission staff and through ongoing monitoring and learning by implementing partners. USG/Mozambique‘s approach to M&E will consist of three components:
The integration of agriculture, nutrition, and health elements into a joint strategic plan provides a unique opportunity to innovate, document, and demonstrate best practices associated with a concurrent multi-sector investment model. Because the Mozambique FTF strategy will be supporting linkages among existing programs, USAID/Mozambique is well positioned to develop a model for harmonizing key agricultural and nutrition indicators relevant across areas of focus. Building on this collaboration, both the Health and Economic Growth teams will work together to integrate M & E systems and processes to track synergies and multiplier effects between the two sectors. The integration of the M & E function may take the form of harmonized M & E plans at the implementer level combined with joint monitoring by Mission, Economic Growth and Health team members.
Reliable and well-defined monitoring, reporting, and evaluation methods, roles, and communication channels result in:
A fully functioning M & E team and system further help to illustrate the Mission‘s value added to overall development not only to key stakeholders in the USG, but also to the Government of Mozambique and other development partners.
","estimated 207,000 vulnerable Mozambican women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty",".","","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","FTF/Mozambique will use the following lead indicators to track progress in implementing this strategy.Reduction in the poverty prevalence rate in Zambezia and Nampula, disaggregated by sex; Reduction in the underweight prevalence rate of children under five years of age in Zambezia and Nampula.Further indicators will be chosen as appropriate, but are expected to include:Value of incremental sales (collected at farm-level) attributed to FTF implementation, disaggregated by sex of household; Prevalence of stunted children under five years of age.","Sex","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11627","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","RWA","Rwanda","Rwanda","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is a $3.5 billion commitment to support countrydriven approaches to address the root causes of poverty, hunger and undernutrition. A whole-of-government initiative led by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Feed the Future leverages the strengths of multilateral institutions, civil society and the private sector. Globally we aim to assist 18 million vulnerable women, children, and family members – mostly smallholder farmers – escape hunger and poverty. Together, we will increase agricultural productivity, decrease poverty, drive economic growth, and reduce undernutrition to improve millions of lives.
Over the next five years in Rwanda, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 713,000 vulnerable Rwandan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 174,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Rwanda is making core investments in three key areas:
1. Systems Transformation
Sustainable Market Linkages
Infrastructure
Nutrition
2. Innovation. Research Capacity Building Program
3. Policy
Concerted U.S. Government engagement at the policy level through the provision of SPA will ensure the FTF initiative in Rwanda has nation-wide impact. The policy dialogue with the GOR will seek to encourage more robust dialogue between the GOR and private sector and focus on key issues that are critical to raising productivity of staple crops and constitute core elements of the FTF strategy: privatization of the fertilizer market, post-harvest management, and land tenure security. The SPA will thus enhance the effectiveness of the technical support provided under the FTF initiative in these areas, and, similarly, the technical support will enhance the effectiveness of the SPA.
While the SPA will focus specifically on a few key measures to raise agricultural productivity, it can be expected to help strengthen the GOR-donor policy dialogue in the agriculture sector more generally and even to provide a platform for discussing other issues, such as food safety standards and climate change policy.62 According to the FAO, the core elements of a strengthened dialogue include: more detailed annual planning and budgeting, strengthening existing monitoring arrangements such as the JSRs, and a strengthened M&E system so that discussions are grounded in reliable performance information.63 Complementary technical support will therefore be provided to strengthen M&E capacity, including through the (re-)establishment of the Famine Early Warning System (FEWS) in Rwanda to strengthen data collection and analytical capacity on a number of issues that affect food security, such as climate change.
Because SPA resources will be channeled through GOR systems, it is important to have a full understanding of the risks the systems present so they can be mitigated. As previously mentioned, the general environment for making use of host-country systems in Rwanda is quite sound, with low levels of corruption and high levels of performance on various measures of the quality of public administration. The recent PEFA assessment found that substantial progress was made in the area of public financial management over the past three years, findings that were confirmed in the first phase application of USAID’s fiduciary risk assessment tool. The second phase application of the tool, performed with the support the internationally recognized accounting firm, Deloitte, involved a detailed analysis of agriculture sector institutions’ financial management systems and found that all identified risks can be mitigated through a targeted public financial management capacity building program within MINAGRI.64 Such a program will complement planned support to strengthen the human and institutional capacity of selected GOR institutions and civil society organizations that have a role in providing oversight of public expenditure and program performance.
",".
","PERFORMANCE MONITORING
USAID’s existing Performance Management Plan (PMP) for its Economic Growth SO already includes several FTF indicators or indicators closely related to them. Efforts to strengthen the PMP’s alignment with the initiative are underway while FTF nutrition indicators will be incorporated into the GHI/BEST PMP. USAID has developed a web-based performance monitoring tool that facilitates reporting from its implementing partners as a key element of its M&E system. This same system will be utilized to collect activity-level data on FTF indicators.
For many of the high-level FTF indicators, baselines will be established through two national surveys currently underway. Results from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), for which the U.S. Government is providing focused technical support to the National Institute of Statistics (NISR), will be available in late 2011 while results from a household survey, providing data on poverty levels, are scheduled to be released in early 2012. Consideration is being given to the regular application of an adapted version of USAID’s Poverty Assessment Tool in order to obtain some indication of poverty trends between household surveys, which typically only take place every five years, while an interim DHS planned for 2013/14 and a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey will document changes in nutritional status and feeding practices. Efforts will also be made to utilize the Ministry of Health database to which community health workers report cases of malnutrition via mobile phone.
As previously noted, given identified gaps in data collection and performance monitoring in MINAGRI, the U.S. Government will seek to strengthen its M&E capacity through the establishment of a FEWS field presence and additional M&E technical support. Other donors, including DFID, the EC, and the World Bank, are helping to strengthen the NISR, including its collection and analysis of agricultural data. Improvement of agricultural statistics is a core element of the GOR’s PSI program with the IMF, as data collection procedures that systematically over-estimated agricultural production were thought to compromise the reliability of the GOR’s national income accounts data.
Given Rwanda’s limited size and population, as well as planned U.S. Government engagement on several key policy issues that will have broad, national impact on agricultural development and nutrition, FTF assistance can be expected to substantively contribute to reductions in Rwanda’s rural poverty and malnutrition rates. Through FTF in Rwanda more than 174,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. An estimated 713,000 vulnerable Rwandan women, children and family members will receive targeted assistance to escape hunger and poverty.
IMPACT EVALUATION
Periodic impact evaluations conducted over the course of the strategy period will help identify the contributions of FTF investments to progress observed through regular performance monitoring, as well as programmatic adjustments that may be required. As an example, a recent impact evaluation of the U.S. Government’s investments in the coffee sector over the past decade was used to inform a decision about whether continued support to the sector was warranted under the FTF initiative.66 An evaluation of USAID’s dairy competiveness program, undertaken in early 2011, likewise informed a decision to re-compete the program.
In addition, the Integrated Improved Livelihoods Program was selected for inclusion in USAID’s FY 2012 Evaluation Initiative, requiring a rigorous impact evaluation of the program’s central hypothesis that integrating microfinance with non-financial services, such as health and education, has the potential to address the multiple needs of the poor with greater efficiency and impact. The evaluation’s design will commence with program start-up to ensure the necessary baseline data is collected from treatment and control groups. The evaluation itself is planned to take place during the program’s third year of implementation so that lessons learned can be applied during its remaining two years.
","estimated 713,000 vulnerable Rwandan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 174,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality.",".","","","","Socio-economic status","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11627","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","RWA","Rwanda","Rwanda","Urban","on-going","01-2011","12-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is a $3.5 billion commitment to support countrydriven approaches to address the root causes of poverty, hunger and undernutrition. A whole-of-government initiative led by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Feed the Future leverages the strengths of multilateral institutions, civil society and the private sector. Globally we aim to assist 18 million vulnerable women, children, and family members – mostly smallholder farmers – escape hunger and poverty. Together, we will increase agricultural productivity, decrease poverty, drive economic growth, and reduce undernutrition to improve millions of lives.
Over the next five years in Rwanda, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 713,000 vulnerable Rwandan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 174,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Rwanda is making core investments in three key areas:
1. Systems Transformation
Sustainable Market Linkages
Infrastructure
Nutrition
2. Innovation. Research Capacity Building Program
3. Policy
It is well known that research generates some of the highest average returns to public investment in agriculture.60 In Rwanda, where research capacity is extremely limited – it is estimated there are only about 30 people actively engaged in agriculture-related research with PhDs61 – the returns are likely to be even higher. As a result, the country is not adequately prepared to meet the demands of producers for improved agricultural inputs and respond to emerging threats to agricultural productivity and food security, such as crop disease and climate change. Developing such capacity is all the more important in light of the GOR’s policy to encourage land use consolidation. FTF assistance will therefore invest in strengthening Rwandan research capacity, with priority given to actionable, demand-driven research in support of priority value chains and nutrition objectives, such as maize and bean varieties that are more resistant to extreme weather events and post-harvest technologies that can be commercialized.
The program will aim to strengthen the capacity of the Rwandan Agriculture Research Institute (ISAR) to produce relevant research and develop systems, in cooperation with Belgian assistance, to ensure research results are disseminated to the field through an improved extension network. Drawing on USAID’s extensive experience with higher education partnerships in Africa, the program will also provide cost-effective, long-term degree training by forging partnerships between U.S. and Rwandan universities so that the country begins to produce a steady stream of qualified agricultural researchers and extension agents. Consistent with the recommendations of the gender strategy for the agriculture sector, special efforts will be made to encourage female enrollment in agricultural universities as a means of ensuring the different needs of women are considered in the country’s agricultural research and extension agendas.
","Improved agricultural productivity
","PERFORMANCE MONITORING
USAID’s existing Performance Management Plan (PMP) for its Economic Growth SO already includes several FTF indicators or indicators closely related to them. Efforts to strengthen the PMP’s alignment with the initiative are underway while FTF nutrition indicators will be incorporated into the GHI/BEST PMP. USAID has developed a web-based performance monitoring tool that facilitates reporting from its implementing partners as a key element of its M&E system. This same system will be utilized to collect activity-level data on FTF indicators.
For many of the high-level FTF indicators, baselines will be established through two national surveys currently underway. Results from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), for which the U.S. Government is providing focused technical support to the National Institute of Statistics (NISR), will be available in late 2011 while results from a household survey, providing data on poverty levels, are scheduled to be released in early 2012. Consideration is being given to the regular application of an adapted version of USAID’s Poverty Assessment Tool in order to obtain some indication of poverty trends between household surveys, which typically only take place every five years, while an interim DHS planned for 2013/14 and a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey will document changes in nutritional status and feeding practices. Efforts will also be made to utilize the Ministry of Health database to which community health workers report cases of malnutrition via mobile phone.
As previously noted, given identified gaps in data collection and performance monitoring in MINAGRI, the U.S. Government will seek to strengthen its M&E capacity through the establishment of a FEWS field presence and additional M&E technical support. Other donors, including DFID, the EC, and the World Bank, are helping to strengthen the NISR, including its collection and analysis of agricultural data. Improvement of agricultural statistics is a core element of the GOR’s PSI program with the IMF, as data collection procedures that systematically over-estimated agricultural production were thought to compromise the reliability of the GOR’s national income accounts data.
Given Rwanda’s limited size and population, as well as planned U.S. Government engagement on several key policy issues that will have broad, national impact on agricultural development and nutrition, FTF assistance can be expected to substantively contribute to reductions in Rwanda’s rural poverty and malnutrition rates. Through FTF in Rwanda more than 174,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. An estimated 713,000 vulnerable Rwandan women, children and family members will receive targeted assistance to escape hunger and poverty.
IMPACT EVALUATION
Periodic impact evaluations conducted over the course of the strategy period will help identify the contributions of FTF investments to progress observed through regular performance monitoring, as well as programmatic adjustments that may be required. As an example, a recent impact evaluation of the U.S. Government’s investments in the coffee sector over the past decade was used to inform a decision about whether continued support to the sector was warranted under the FTF initiative.66 An evaluation of USAID’s dairy competiveness program, undertaken in early 2011, likewise informed a decision to re-compete the program.
In addition, the Integrated Improved Livelihoods Program was selected for inclusion in USAID’s FY 2012 Evaluation Initiative, requiring a rigorous impact evaluation of the program’s central hypothesis that integrating microfinance with non-financial services, such as health and education, has the potential to address the multiple needs of the poor with greater efficiency and impact. The evaluation’s design will commence with program start-up to ensure the necessary baseline data is collected from treatment and control groups. The evaluation itself is planned to take place during the program’s third year of implementation so that lessons learned can be applied during its remaining two years.
",".",".","","","","Sex","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11627","Feed the Future: The U.S. Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative","English","Multi-national","","RWA","Rwanda","Rwanda","Urban|Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2011","01-2015","Feed the Future, the U.S. government’s global hunger and food security initiative, is a $3.5 billion commitment to support countrydriven approaches to address the root causes of poverty, hunger and undernutrition. A whole-of-government initiative led by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Feed the Future leverages the strengths of multilateral institutions, civil society and the private sector. Globally we aim to assist 18 million vulnerable women, children, and family members – mostly smallholder farmers – escape hunger and poverty. Together, we will increase agricultural productivity, decrease poverty, drive economic growth, and reduce undernutrition to improve millions of lives.
Over the next five years in Rwanda, Feed the Future aims to help an estimated 713,000 vulnerable Rwandan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 174,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. Significant numbers of additional rural populations will achieve improved income and nutritional status from strategic policy engagement and institutional investments.
To meet its objectives, Feed the Future Rwanda is making core investments in three key areas:
1. Systems Transformation
Sustainable Market Linkages
Infrastructure
Nutrition
2. Innovation. Research Capacity Building Program
3. Policy
While nutritional value was a key criteria in selecting priority value chains, planned value chain investments will be designed to ensure their nutritional benefits are maximized. Increasing the focus of post-harvest investments on the household level, as noted above, and targeting women with the Integrated Improved Livelihoods Program are expected to contribute to the FTF nutrition objective and are part of the NSEM’s plan to strengthen and scale-up CBNP.
Interestingly, recent evaluative evidence suggests access to microfinance may contribute more to maintaining basic food security and nutrition than raising incomes due to its consumption-smoothing effects and the flexibility it offers in dealing with unexpected health emergencies.58 Research also suggests that integrating microfinance with nonfinancial services, such as education on improved feeding and consumption practices, as is planned in the Integrated Improved Livelihoods Program, offers great potential to address the multiple needs of the poor in a more efficient manner.
It is important to note that achieving the FTF nutrition objective in Rwanda will require investments beyond those which can be integrated into investments in priority value chains. Illustrative activities and expected results in each of these areas are as follows:
FTF assistance will support improvements in the quality of routine reporting to monitor mild, moderate, and acute malnutrition among young children and pregnant and lactating women. For example, the Ministry of Health has introduced a system for providing community health workers with health and nutrition information and promptly reporting cases of malnutrition via mobile phone.
PERFORMANCE MONITORING
USAID’s existing Performance Management Plan (PMP) for its Economic Growth SO already includes several FTF indicators or indicators closely related to them. Efforts to strengthen the PMP’s alignment with the initiative are underway while FTF nutrition indicators will be incorporated into the GHI/BEST PMP. USAID has developed a web-based performance monitoring tool that facilitates reporting from its implementing partners as a key element of its M&E system. This same system will be utilized to collect activity-level data on FTF indicators.
For many of the high-level FTF indicators, baselines will be established through two national surveys currently underway. Results from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), for which the U.S. Government is providing focused technical support to the National Institute of Statistics (NISR), will be available in late 2011 while results from a household survey, providing data on poverty levels, are scheduled to be released in early 2012. Consideration is being given to the regular application of an adapted version of USAID’s Poverty Assessment Tool in order to obtain some indication of poverty trends between household surveys, which typically only take place every five years, while an interim DHS planned for 2013/14 and a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey will document changes in nutritional status and feeding practices. Efforts will also be made to utilize the Ministry of Health database to which community health workers report cases of malnutrition via mobile phone.
As previously noted, given identified gaps in data collection and performance monitoring in MINAGRI, the U.S. Government will seek to strengthen its M&E capacity through the establishment of a FEWS field presence and additional M&E technical support. Other donors, including DFID, the EC, and the World Bank, are helping to strengthen the NISR, including its collection and analysis of agricultural data. Improvement of agricultural statistics is a core element of the GOR’s PSI program with the IMF, as data collection procedures that systematically over-estimated agricultural production were thought to compromise the reliability of the GOR’s national income accounts data.
Given Rwanda’s limited size and population, as well as planned U.S. Government engagement on several key policy issues that will have broad, national impact on agricultural development and nutrition, FTF assistance can be expected to substantively contribute to reductions in Rwanda’s rural poverty and malnutrition rates. Through FTF in Rwanda more than 174,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality. An estimated 713,000 vulnerable Rwandan women, children and family members will receive targeted assistance to escape hunger and poverty.
IMPACT EVALUATION
Periodic impact evaluations conducted over the course of the strategy period will help identify the contributions of FTF investments to progress observed through regular performance monitoring, as well as programmatic adjustments that may be required. As an example, a recent impact evaluation of the U.S. Government’s investments in the coffee sector over the past decade was used to inform a decision about whether continued support to the sector was warranted under the FTF initiative.66 An evaluation of USAID’s dairy competiveness program, undertaken in early 2011, likewise informed a decision to re-compete the program.
In addition, the Integrated Improved Livelihoods Program was selected for inclusion in USAID’s FY 2012 Evaluation Initiative, requiring a rigorous impact evaluation of the program’s central hypothesis that integrating microfinance with non-financial services, such as health and education, has the potential to address the multiple needs of the poor with greater efficiency and impact. The evaluation’s design will commence with program start-up to ensure the necessary baseline data is collected from treatment and control groups. The evaluation itself is planned to take place during the program’s third year of implementation so that lessons learned can be applied during its remaining two years.
","estimated 713,000 vulnerable Rwandan women, children and family members—mostly smallholder farmers—escape hunger and poverty. More than 174,000 children will be reached with services to improve their nutrition and prevent stunting and child mortality.",".","","","","Vulnerable groups","","Multiple micronutrient powders for home fortification of foods consumed by children 6–23 months of age>>>Multiple micronutrient powders for home fortification of foods consumed by children 6–23 months of age>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/micronutrientpowder_infants","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "11637","Purchase for Progress (P4P) Pilot Initiative ","English","Multi-national","","AFG|BFA|COD|SLV|ETH|GHA|GTM|HND|KEN|LAO|LBR|MWI|MLI|MOZ|NIC|RWA|SLE|SSD|UGA|TZA|ZMB","Afghanistan|Burkina Faso|Democratic Republic of the Congo|El Salvador|Ethiopia|Ghana|Guatemala|Honduras|Kenya|Lao People's Democratic Republic|Liberia|Malawi|Mali|Mozambique|Nicaragua|Rwanda|Sierra Leone|South Sudan|Uganda|United Republic of Tanzania|Zambia","","Rural|Peri-urban","on-going","01-2008","01-2013","As the world’s largest humanitarian agency, WFP is a major staple food buyer. In 2012, WFP bought US$1.1 billion worth of food – more than 75 percent of this in developing countries WFP buys locally in developing countries when its criteria of price, quality and quantity can be met. P4P is a logical continuation of this local procurement with the intent to achieve a higher developmental gain with WFP’s procurement footprint by buying increasingly in a smallholder-friendly way.
Through P4P, WFP’s demand provides smallholder farmers in 20 pilot countries with a greater incentive to invest in their production, as they have the possibility to sell to a reliable buyer and receive a fair price for their crops. It is envisioned that in the wake of WFP purchasing in a more smallholder-friendly way, other buyers of staple commodities including Governments and the private sector will also increasingly be able to buy from smallholders.
P4P at the same time invests in capacity building at country level in areas such as post-harvest handling or storage, which will yield sustainable results in boosting national food security over the long term. The five year pilot P4P (2009 - 2013)[1] rests on three pillars:
WFP usually buys food through large competitive tenders. Through P4P, WFP is testing new procurement approaches more suited to smallholder farmers and:
Country approaches to P4P are tailored to suit the opportunities and constraints within each country. Generally, however, each programme has applied one or more of the general approaches:
Approach #1: Farmers’ organisations and capacity building partnerships:
Approach #2: Support to emerging structured trading systems
Approach #3: Small and medium traders
Approach #4: Developing local food processing capacity
.
","M&E system specifies data collection and analysis methods designed to track a number of indicators of programme performance.
The M&E system collects data from a number of sources including:
The M&E system also incorporates peer review to identify and validate best practices. At the country level, these include stakeholder meetings, workshops, and annual reviews. At the regional level, WFP is using writeshops and regional workshops to consolidate and validate learning. At the global/programme level, a Technical Review Panel meets annually to review and help interpret results and to guide implementation. Peer review meetings, annual reviews, internal (to WFP) stakeholder groups, and external evaluations also serve to validate results.
Managing the learning process for a programme with the scope and scale of P4P has been challenging and the design and evolution of the M&E system reflect these challenges. In particular:
Economic Research Consortium (AERC) to manage collection and analysis of the quantitative data.
Since P4P's launch in September 2008,
Stories From the Field: Ethiopi
Women farmers face many obstacles that they need to overcome to become successful business women. But the example of Mashuu, from Chefo Umbera, southern Ethiopia, shows that with the right support, female farmers can become independent market players.
When she left school, Mashuu noticed her peers marrying early, sometimes to men who took more than one wife. Mashuu saw her future differently, and together with two sisters and a sister-in-law, formed a women’s group, hoping to empower women through family planning education and HIV/AIDS awareness. They started with four members – today, there are 165.
“As the group started to grow, I realized we needed to become strong and independent economically,” said Mashuu. And that was how Jalela Primary Cooperative was born. Women bring their cereal harvests to Jalela, and the cooperative then sells it to Mira, their local cooperative union. The union sells the aggregated commodities to buyers such as WFP.
The 2011 drought-induced crop failure led to high market prices and a shortage of marketable produce in Ethiopia. This caused most cooperatives to default on their contracts with WFP. But Jalela still sold 30 metric tons of maize to WFP. The net profit of about US$170 was in part kept for the cooperative and in part distributed to the co-op members. Mashuu still has high hopes for the future despite the difficulties with the 2011 drought. She has plans to build a grain mill, start dairy production, and even bring electricity to the Jalela co-op. “We are going to change our lives,” she concludes.
The Experience in Guatemala
In Guatemala, P4P focuses on sales beyond WFP for two reasons: to promote long-term sustainability and to provide alternative outlets for farmers’ surplus production. Since WFP in Guatemala distributes only a few thousand metric tons (mt) of food every year, the quantities it can purchase from smallholder farmers’ organizations is relatively small, as illustrated in the table below.
P4P assisted Farmers’ Organizations (FOs) are located in northern and eastern regions of Guatemala as well as on the Pacific Coastal plain. A market study examined potential alternative buyers for both bulked and processed grain, including regional and national buyers such as the food industry, private traders, exporters, NGOs and the Government of Guatemala. According to information collected between 2008 through 2012, approximately a third of the P4P supported FOs have sold maize or beans to buyers beyond WFP. Of the total of 6,800 mt sold, 70% was maize (4,800 mt) and the rest beans (2,000 mt).
A maize processor in Guatemala that produces tortilla flour purchased 59% of the total tonnage. The second biggest buyer was Wal-Mart, which purchased 918 mt of beans. Sales to other national supermarkets, large traders and exporters represent 11% of the total (750 mt). Some 739 mt of maize and beans were sold on local markets (local grocery stores, municipal markets and traders). Small amounts were also purchased by NGOs, FAO and other P4P supported FOs.
With support from FAO, some FOs have developed the capacity to produce seed as well as grain. This represents 1.3% of the tonnage sold, but 4.2% of the income generated through collective sales beyond WFP. Such a successful focus on higherincome options has motivated the FOs to explore other markets such as retail packaging of beans, production of red beans specific to the El Salvador market, and fresh corn on the cob.
The P4P team works with the FOs to encourage sales beyond WFP. Commercialization committees are formed in the FOs and a roster of identified potential buyers in the market is shared with all. Training on effective negotiation t e c h n i q u e s a n d t h e development of business plans also begins this year.
Potential buyers are invited to the field to see the production of the grains, post-harvest management and quality control. This also allows them to become familiar with the maturity of the organization, increasing the confidence of buyers in the capacity of the FOs to establish commercial relations. This is complemented by demonstrating tools such as the “Blue Box”1, which is both a training tool and a field laboratory, which separates produce that does not meet specifications. Through partnering with P4P, FOs gained the trust of the commercial sector and confidence in their own abilities to reach a broad range of markets.
Farmers organizations’ experience steady progression in Mozambique
In Mozambique, farmers’ organizations (FOs) were created by both national government and nongovernmental organizations to facilitate technical assistance in agricultural production and marketing. This was especially important in the recovery period that followed the 1992 General Peace Agreement.
Most FOs gradually evolved from the village level to linking with other FOs at a district level. The district level is often represented by an ‘umbrella’ association of FOs, the tier with which P4P in Mozambique works directly. There are currently 10 such “umbrella” FOs in Mozambique participating in P4P. As of 2012, WFP has bought almost 10,000 metric tons (mt) of maize, beans and pulses from these FOs, valued at $5.8 million.
Apart from selling to WFP, P4P is helping FOs to identify sustainable and fair markets for sales beyond WFP. Prior to participating in the P4P initiative, many farmers had limited or no experience in selling collectively to markets. In 2009, sales beyond WFP were only 644 mt, tripling by 2012 to 1,800 mt. The table below summarizes crops sold by all 10 FOs under P4P in Mozambique and the income generated from sales per year.
P4P’s support to smallholder farmers in accessing markets for crops such as maize, beans and pulses has had a positive impact. When P4P began in 2009, soybean was the mostsold commodity by P4P supported FOs (2,480 mt). Maize was second at 926 mt, sesame third with 699 mt, followed by pigeon peas at 538 mt of sales. The possible profit margin for growing and selling maize is beginning to compete with the profits available in the soy and sesame trade, although commercial maize value remains low compared to other commodities. Buyers that are purchasing commodities from these FOs are:
The volume of products marketed in relation to the number of buyers demonstrates that the market in Mozambique is neither structured nor stable. There are often a high number of buyers intervening at the same time in more than one crop. Quality issues are often secondary for many buyers, as product availability is often considered more important.
While marketing platforms still have a long way to go in Mozambique, participating in P4P has helped with sales to markets beyond WFP. The relative consistency of having WFP as a buyer and the training provided by P4P and partners has helped many FOs meet the demands needed for selling to other buyers of quality.
Malawi – How a farmers’ organization is progressing
Kafulu Smallholder Farmers Organization (FO) was established in 2003. At the time of its establishment, Kafulu had two clear objectives: to achieve food security in the area and to find markets for their surplus. Currently the FO has 1,400 members (of which 500 are women) and with assistance from the National Agricultural Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi (NASFAM), they have been able to build a warehouse. Kafulu had experience of selling maize collectively before P4P started in Malawi, however, since joining P4P they have been given the opportunity to learn the skills needed to achieve better deals with buyers.
A Challenging Beginning
Though Kafulu has progressed in their ability to connect to markets, the process has not been without difficulty. When the FO decided to participate in P4P it obtained credit in the 2008/2009 season, allowing them to expand their inputs loan scheme. In the 2009/2010 season, the organization again had access to credit, but faced severe problems in repayment. Loans were given to individuals and not directly to the FO and as a result, some individuals were unable to meet repayment obligations causing tensions among members. In addition, Kafulu signed a contract with WFP for the sale of 526 metric tons (mt) of maize, but was not able to deliver anything at all due to quality problems. The FO then had to sell the maize to other buyers who were not looking for high quality and they received a lower price.
In spite of these difficulties, Kafulu persevered. They managed to retain most of the membership despite the credit repayment issue, and tried to sell to WFP once again. In the 2010/2011 season, Kafulu delivered 100 mt of maize to WFP, this time with no quality issues.
Towards Graduation
By then, Kafulu farmers saw a clear way ahead: “We want to sell to people like WFP, because they are able to get a lot of money at one time and they offer fair prices for quality produce”,
stated one of the members of the Executive Committee. Although Kafulu farmers did not know then, they were completing the first step towards graduation - they had learnt how to condition their crop for higher quality standards and they had managed to aggregate at least twice. This placed them in a better position to compete with other FOs.
In the 2011/2012 season, Kafulu managed to aggregate 460 mt of maize, which they deposited into the warehouse receipt system (WRS) at the beginning of the season. From this deposit, they managed to get 70 percent of the receipt value as credit, which allowed them to wait until later in the season to sell when better prices were available.
Market Experience Today
In February 2013, Kafulu was awarded a contract for almost 230 mt of maize from WFP. They competed directly with medium and big traders in the Malawi market. By that time, they had already sold half of their maize to other buyers, at prevailing prices of around 90 MWK/kg (USD 0.27), making a good profit and enabling them to repay the credit and fees for the warehouse.
Kafulu FO still has problems with its membership stemming from past individual loan defaults and it is now dealing with the challenges of managing a WRS on its own. However, the FO has more knowledge of markets and is now prepared to engage competitively in them.
","English" "17804","Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programme in Niger ","English","National","","NER","Niger","Zinder, Niger|Maradi, Niger|Niamey, Niger|Tillabéry, Niger|Tahoua, Niger","Urban|Rural","on-going","07-2005","","The Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) is one of World Vision’s core project models in nutrition. The CMAM approach enables community volunteers to identify and initiate treatment by referring children with acute malnutrition before they become seriously ill. Caregivers provide treatment for the majority of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the home using Ready-to-Use-Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) and receiving routine medical care at a local health facility. When necessary, severely malnourished children who have medical complications or lack an appetite are referred to in-patient facilities for more intensive treatment. CMAM programs also work to integrate treatment with a variety of other longer-term interventions such as Nutrition Education, Infant and Young Child Feeding and Food Security. These interventions are designed to reduce the incidence of malnutrition and improve public health and food security in a sustainable manner.
There are four key components to the CMAM approach: Community Mobilisation, Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP), Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP), and Stabilisation Centre/In-patient Care (SC). On the most part, World Vision does not set up Stabilisation Centres but instead works closely with existing local health institutions or medical NGOs to provide these services.
World Vision has been operational in Niger for almost two decades – implementing a wide range of long-term development activities across the country. Their work is structured alongside the model of comprehensive area development programs (known internally as ADPs). Each ADP has a Health & Nutrition component which seeks to deliver support through (while simultaneously strengthening) local health structures. In July 2005 and as a result of the 2005 food crisis in Niger that year, World Vision launched a community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program based on the National Protocol for the Management of Acute Malnutrition. At that time, contacts were made with Valid International – aimed at establishing a partnership for an effective and quality delivery of the CMAM program. An institutional agreement between World Vision and Valid International was reached in July 2006, thus paving the way for the provision of technical support to the Niger CTC (now called CMAM) program.
As a part of the national nutrition strategy, WV is currently implementing CMAM in many decentralized government health centers throughout the country, with the support of partner NGOs (ex. Medecins Sans Frontieres). From the onset of CMAM program implementation, It has been integrated within the Ministry of Health structures such as the CSIs (Integrated Health Centers) with regular trainings of MOH health staff at national, regional and CSI levels based on the most revised version of the National Protocol, ultimately leading to the final version (i.e. Protocole Nationale de prise en Charge de la Malnutrition. MOH Publique/UNICEF/OMS. Juin 2009).
","Evaluation of World Vision Niger Emergency Nutrition Programme, Tillaberi and Niamey Regions (Jul 2010 - Jul 2011), Bernadette Feeney, Technical Advisor, Valid International.
Evaluation Semi-Quantitative de l’Accessibilité et de la Couverture (SQUEAC) CSI appuyés par World Vision ADP de Kornaka West, Gobir Yamma, Chadakori et Goulbi Kaba Région de Maradi, République du Niger, (22 mars au 15 avril, 2011), Allie Norris, Consultante Mobilisation, Valid International.
Rapport De La Mobilisation Sociale Dans Le Cadre Du Redémarrage des Activités Du Programme De World Vision de Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë Régions de Zinder, Maradi et Tillabéri, Niger (13 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Allie Norris et Gabriele Walz Techniciennes de Mobilisation Sociale, Valid International.
Formation sur la “Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë” (PCMA) ADP de Zinder & de Tillabéri (20 juin au 19 juillet, 2010); ADP de Maradi (20 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante PCMA et Bernadette Feeneey, Valid International.
Evaluation Finale Du Programme CTC Dans La Région De Zinder World Vision, Niger (06 au 18 Juin, 2008), El Hadji Issakha Diop, CTC Advisor, Valid International.
Rapport De L’enquête De Couverture Du Projet CTC Exécuté Par World Vision ADPs De Kassama, DTk Et Gamou Région De Zinder Niger (Avril- Mai, 2007), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante CTC, Valid International.
Programme CTC de World Vision dans la région de Zinder, Niger : Evaluation à mi- parcours (11- 18 Mai, 2007), El Hadji Issakha Diop, Consultant CTC, Valid International.
Visite au programme CTC Région de Zinder (WV Niger), (13 – 24 Février, 2007) Montse Saboya, Valid International.
Mobilisation Communautaire Visite Technique au Programme de CTC Zinder, Niger, (20 février – 2 mars, 2007), Saul Guerrero & Nyauma Nyasani, Consultants de développement communautaire et social, Valid International.
Community Mobilisation aspects of the World Vision CTC Programme, Zinder Region, Niger (Aug 4 - 18, 2006), Saul Guerrero, Valid International.
Assessment for CTC World Vision in Niger (Jul - Aug, 2006), Valid International.
Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition Model: http://www.wvi.org/nutrition/project-models/cmam
","","","Health","Gouvernement du Niger et la Direction Departementale de la Sante Publique et la Direction de la Nutrition (DN/MSP)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Currency: US Dollars (USD)Purposes: Salaries & Benefits; Supplies & Materials; Travel & Transportation; Training & Consulting; Monitoring & Evaluation; Occupancy; Communications; Equipment.Action: Covers all actions","International NGOs","World Vision International","World Vision is a global Christian relief, development and advocacy organisation dedicated to working with children, families and communities to overcome poverty and injustice. http://www.wvi.org (WV Canada, WV US, WV Taiwan, WV UK, WV New Zealand, WV Germany, and WV Switzerland are support offices)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","","The Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) brings 14 leading UK aid charities together in times of crisis: Action Aid, Age International, British Red Cross, CAFOD, Care International, Christian Aid, Concern Worldwide, Islamic Relief, Merlin, Oxfam, Plan UK, Save the Children, Tearfund and World Vision; all collectively raising money to reach those in need quickly. http://www.dec.org.uk/about-dec","UN","World Food Programme (WFP)","The World Food Programme (WFP) is the United Nations' frontline agency in the fight against hunger. It responds to emergencies, saving lives by getting food to the hungry fast, and it also works to help prevent hunger in the future. http://www.wfp.org (The WFP provides WVN direct supply of food for SFP in different CSI).","UN","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is the main UN organization defending, promoting and protecting children's rights. UNICEF works to improve the social and economic conditions of children by increasing children's access to health care, safe drinking water, food, and education; protecting children from violence and abuse; and providing emergency relief after disasters. http://www.unicef.org","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) is Canada's lead agency for development assistance. http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/home","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","US Agency for International Development (USAID)","The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the United States federal government agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid. http://www.usaid.gov (The fund is provided through the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA))","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID)","The Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) is the Australian Government agency responsible for managing Australia's overseas aid programme. http://www.ausaid.gov.au/Pages/home.aspx","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)","The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) is a government organization under the Swedish Foreign Ministry responsible for administering approximately half of Sweden's budget for development aid. http://www.sida.se/English/","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","17803","","Management of severe acute malnutrition","","","","Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)|SAM child","6-59 months","5 regions (Zinder, Maradi, Niamey, Tillabéri, Tahoua)","Community-based","","World Vision works with communities through Area Development Programs (ADPs) that have been identified and implemented based on a series of development criteria. The ADPs serve as the basic intervention unit of the WV's multi-sectoral programs/projects (e.g. in education, water and sanitation, health, income-generating activities and sponsorship of children etc.), but the geographical areas of the ADPs do not necessarily align with administrative boundaries of the country. The whole ADP and program management structure is geared toward long-term development programming, into which the nutritional activities/programs such as Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) are integrated.
Since July/August 2005, WV Niger has been implementing and supporting the following four components of a CMAM program:
All programmatic activities are implemented through the local health structures and systems and their respective catchment areas. The majority of the OTP and SFP activities are implemented in the Integrated Health Centers (CSI) but in order to achieve greater coverage and to bring supplementary facilities closer to communities, WV has also implemented the programs in Health Posts (CS) which are satellites of CSI. Most OTP take place together with SFP in CSI but few are located in CS as well. The OTP activities, including the provision of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (Plumpy Nut) and the systematic treatments are conducted on a weekly basis, whereas the SFP activities, including the distribution of Fortified Blended Food (Premix with CSB (Corn Soya Based), oil, sugar) for MAM children and moderately malnourished PLWs are carried out bi-monthly basis. The numbers of OTP and SFP sites and staff per ADP differ depending on the target population size and needs.
The technical (nutrition related) and managerial structure of WV in Niger (WVN) includes two nutrition coordinators (East and West) and six regional nutrition supervisor mangers (one per region) who coordinate and harmonize nutritional activities through the different locations. All of them are supported by a relief-nutrition country manager based in Niamey. In each ADP, there is also a health-nutrition manager who is responsible for overseeing ADP related health and nutrition programs and staff. As the national health system is WV's principle partner, WVN staff always work in partnership/collaboration with Ministry of Health (MOH) staff. Currently, WVN staff mainly act as technical facilitators and help with the general management of the program activities such as site organization, training of the community volunteers who help during distributions, channeling food and medical supplies coming from UNICEF and WFP, and program monitoring. Depending on the ADP, there is also either one or two nurses who provides support to the MOH staff in the field.
","
OTP Outcome
Cured % (#)
> 75%
Died % (#)
< 10%
Defaulted % (#)
< 15%
Non-recovered % (#)
Regions
Reporting Period: 2010
Maradi (June-Dec)
74.5 (1540)
0.7 (14)
6.9 (143)
17.9 (371)
Niamey (Aug-Dec)
83.3 (445)
0.4 (2)
3.6 (19)
12.7 (68)
Tahoua (Aug-Dec)
86.6 (453)
1.0 (5)
10.3 (54)
2.1 (11)
Tillaberi (Jan-Dec)
86.4 (912)
1.5 (16)
11.0 (116)
1.1 (12)
Zinder (Jan-Dec)
83.6 (799)
4.3 (41)
10.0 (96)
2.1 (20)
Reporting Period: Jan - Dec, 2011
Maradi
93.5 (4510)
0.3 (16)
4.9 (235)
1.3 (62)
Niamey
NA
NA
NA
NA
Tahoua
84.2 (1054)
0.8 (10)
5.8 (72)
9.3 (116)
Tillaberi
85.5 (1484)
1.6 (27)
10.8 (187)
2.1 (37)
Zinder
94.8 (1803)
0.5 (9)
3.2 (61)
1.5 (29)
Reporting Period: Jan - Dec, 2012
Maradi
97.7 (2651)
0.1 (3)
1.5 (41)
0.7 (18)
Niamey
86.9 (839)
0.3 (3)
5.4 (52)
7.5 (72)
Tahoua
84.7 (762)
1.6 (14)
10.4 (94)
3.3 (30)
Tillaberi
89.1 (886)
1.7 (17)
8.4 (83)
0.8 (8)
Zinder
98.8 (4200)
0.3 (12)
0.1 (6)
0.8 (32)
Reporting Period: 2013
Maradi (Jan-Apr)
94.6 (546)
0.5 (3)
3.3 (19)
1.6 (9)
Niamey (Jan-May)
70.1 (129)
0.0 (0)
18.5 (34)
11.4 (21)
Tahoua (Jan-May)
92.7 (281)
0.0 (0)
4.6 (14)
2.6 (8)
Tillaberi (Jan-Mar)
95.8 (46)
0.0 (0)
4.2 (2)
0.0 (0)
Zinder (Jan-May)
99.6 (1254)
0.2 (3)
0.1 (1)
0.1 (1)
","
Ongoing monitoring and evaluation of CMAM programs is essential for ensuring program targets are being reached. As of Spring 2010, WV is using a consolidated online database management system for CMAM programs. The system is a positive transformation from the existing Excel spreadsheets (template provided by Valid International) that were used during the first few years of WV CMAM programming by National Offices. A simple and systematic data management system allows multi-level program managers to easily retrieve CMAM data and make quick and accurate decisions based on the data that is available to them. In the early days of WV CMAM implementation, prompt access the Excel database was limited to the field staff throughout the year. However, WV’s online CMAM system aims to facilitate this overall data recovery process for WV Staff located in the National, Regional and Support Offices, and Global Health Centre, as well. The online system is carefully designed to be user friendly and applicable for WV staffs across partnership. Staff members are provided with password protected login identification and can access the different online pages that are relevant to their job responsibilities. In this way, they are able to input their monthly tally sheets, generate clear reports, predict future trends (including resources), provide timely input to all internal/external requests and access raw data sheets for further analysis. Furthermore, the quantitative indicators and data collection tools closely align themselves with what has been developed and used by different MOH, facilitating a simple integrating with existing administrative systems and standards in a particular country. All WV CMAM indicators and data collection tools have been standardized to complement the existing myriad of MOH and National Office requirements, as well as the International benchmarks (e.g. SPHERE). In addition to these standard indicators, the CMAM database also includes WV contextual data (e.g. # Registered Children, # Orphans & Vulnerable Children) that is mandatory with the Partnership’s Integrated Program Management.
","ADP Name Total Population; 6-59 months Kornaka West 68,165; 15,261 Gobir Yamma 56,032; 12,934 Ouallam 572,377; 188,745 Simiri 186,528; 76,805 ","Zinder: April-May 2007, point coverage = 21.4% and period coverage = 36.1%. ","","Sept - Oct, 2005: National GAM 15.3%, SAM 1.8%; Zinder GAM 16.1%, SAM 1.2%.Sept, 2006: Maradi GAM 8.2%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.3/10,000. Oct - Nov, 2006: National GAM 10.3%, SAM 1.4%, U5M 1.08/10,000, Exclusive breastfeeding 2.2%, Complementary feeding (6-9mos) 78.4%; Zinder GAM 9.7%, SAM 1.7%; Maradi GAM 6.8%, SAM 0.6%; Tahoua GAM 12.5%, SAM 1.1%; Tillaberi GAM 11.2%, SAM 1.9%; Niamey GAM 9.2%; SAM 0.5%. June, 2007: National GAM 11.2%, SAM 1%, U5M 0.71/10,000; Tillaberi GAM 11.2%Oct - Nov, 2007: National GAM 11.0%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.81/10,000, Exclusive breastfeeding 9.0%, Complementary feeding (6-9mos) 78.4%; Zinder GAM 11.7%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 3.55/10,000, EB 9.7%, CF 68.2%; Maradi GAM 10.7%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 0.83/10,000, EB 7.6%, CF 73.9%; Tahoua GAM 13.1%, SAM 0.4%, U5M 1.62/10,000, EB 15.7%, CF 89.7%; Tillaberi GAM 7.9%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 3.14/10,000, EB 1.6%, CF 63.5%; Niamey GAM 9.9%, SAM 0.9%, U5M 1.57/10,000, EB 17.1%, CF 40.6%. June-July, 2008: National GAM 10.7%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.53/10,000; Zinder GAM 15.7%, SAM 1.9%, U5M 2.13/10,000; Maradi GAM 9.9%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 1.79/10,000; Tahoua GAM 8.4%, SAM 0.6%, U5M 1.67/10,000; Tillaberi GAM 10.1%, SAM 0.1%, U5M 1.11/10,000; Niamey GAM 6.8%, SAM 0.9%, U5M 0.34/10,000. May-June, 2010: National GAM 16.7%, SAM 3.2%; Maradi GAM 19.7%, SAM 3.9%; Zinder GAM 17.8%, SAM 3.6%; Tillaberi GAM 14.8%, SAM 2.7%. June, 2009: National GAM 12.3%, SAM 2.3%.Oct, 2010: Maradi GAM 15.5%, SAM 4.3% MAY, 2013:TILLABERRI GAM 13.3%, SAM 3.1%ZINDER GAM 11.7%, SAM 2.3%MARADI GAM 16.3%, SAM 3.0%TAHOUA GAM 13.1%, SAM 2.3%NIAMEY GAM 11.0%, 1.6%","See above","Vulnerable groups","","Treatment of dehydration in children with severe acute malnutrition>>>Treatment of dehydration in children with severe acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/dehydration_sam","Supplies","Problem: There had been some difficulties in ensuring a consistent supply of RUTF. The nutritional commodities for the treatment of SAM are supplied via UNICEF through the MOH supply structure. But there were some challenges due to logistical and organisational issues, including the local/global availability of RUTF. Solution: WV established a buffer stock to resolve the issue. ","Supplies","Problem: A lack of consistent supply of medicines to the CSIs risks the increase in morbidity and mortality from illnesses such as pneumonia and malaria which are major causes of mortality in malnourished children. The care of children under the age of five are free in Niger. However, there are frequent shortage in medicinal supply. Because of the exemption of the fee and the system of cost recovery are in place, in principle UNICEF does not provide for the medicines for activities related to CMAM program although some spot supplies are available they are often inadequate. Solution: WVN is, already involved in the provision of medicines through the activities of ADP and, in case of need, the support will be intensified during this period of crisis. In addition to the routine medicines used for the treatment of the children admitted in the OTP, it would be important that WVN also considers to provide, in the event of rupture, the medicines needed to treat the pathologies associated with malnutrition.","Staff skills/training","Problem: When CTC/CMAM was launched in Niger in 2005/2006, the national/international capacity available for CTC/CMAM implementation was very limited, resulting in a low quality program.Solution: WV developed an Instituational Agreement with Valid International to build their capacity in the overall management of acute malnutrition.","Staff retention","Problem: Due to the erratic funding cycles associated with CMAM programming, it was very difficult to retain staff (Community Mobilization volunteers, MOH staff and WV Staff) when funding cycles terminate. Furthermore, there are difficulties retaining volunteers and keeping them motivated to continue their activities.Solution: WVN established permanent positions, embedded within their ADP and National management structures, for ongoing CMAM program support, including during funding disruptions. Furthermore, WVN can help improve sustainability of the self governing of CSIs and management of volunteers by building capacity of the village health committees (COGES) as an ongoing development commitment. ","Insufficient staff"," Problem: In order to respond to the increased case load of SAM, the capacity of MOH (e.g. staff at CSIs) had to be increased. Solution: Rather than placing WV staff to manage the increased caseload, WV provided training and on-going support to strengthen volunteer capacity to manage SFP which will reduce workload of the health staff in the CSI thereby enabling them to address the more severe cases of malnutrition. This strategy appeared to be very effective in helping the MOH to cope with the case load. For Example: In three of the four CSIs sampled, it was found that the volunteers managed SFP completely thus relieving the existing CSI staff to manage SAM cases. ","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zeinaba Abdoulahi lost her second child five years ago at the age of 4; his death is still a source of grief for this young Nigerien mother. Earlier this year, her fourth child, Tinoumoune, was close to death. The eight-month old girl was dehydrated and losing weight. After treating her with traditional herbal remedies, Tinoumoune continued to become physically weaker and weaker and had a fever for eight days. Zeinaba says “My child was between life and death. She was fading away. I had not a droplet of hope.” Zeinaba bundled her daughter on her back and left early in the morning to walk the seven kilometres from her village to the closest health centre, which runs a community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programme supported by World Vision. Tinoumoune was diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition and admitted to the nutrition programme, where she was treated with ready-to-use therapeutic food. “In two weeks, she regained weight and became stronger and healthier. I’m very happy.” explains Zeinaba. The family has been spared the grief of a second lost child.
©2010 Ann Birch/World Vision ©2010 Gebregziabher Hadera/World
Mma Halima is a CMAM community volunteer in Niger. She started in this role after caring for her own malnourished son until he graduated from World Vision's CMAM programme. Mma Halima screens and refers malnourished children in her nomadic community and provides health and nutrition education. She describes the ripple effect of her son's rehabilitation through CMAM: ""Now in my community all the mothers are using mosquito nets and our children are not getting sick as before. Now I have only two malnourished children in my community. It is impressive.""
","English" "17804","Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programme in Niger ","English","National","","NER","Niger","Zinder, Niger|Maradi, Niger|Niamey, Niger|Tillabéry, Niger|Tahoua, Niger","Urban|Rural","on-going","07-2005","","The Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) is one of World Vision’s core project models in nutrition. The CMAM approach enables community volunteers to identify and initiate treatment by referring children with acute malnutrition before they become seriously ill. Caregivers provide treatment for the majority of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the home using Ready-to-Use-Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) and receiving routine medical care at a local health facility. When necessary, severely malnourished children who have medical complications or lack an appetite are referred to in-patient facilities for more intensive treatment. CMAM programs also work to integrate treatment with a variety of other longer-term interventions such as Nutrition Education, Infant and Young Child Feeding and Food Security. These interventions are designed to reduce the incidence of malnutrition and improve public health and food security in a sustainable manner.
There are four key components to the CMAM approach: Community Mobilisation, Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP), Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP), and Stabilisation Centre/In-patient Care (SC). On the most part, World Vision does not set up Stabilisation Centres but instead works closely with existing local health institutions or medical NGOs to provide these services.
World Vision has been operational in Niger for almost two decades – implementing a wide range of long-term development activities across the country. Their work is structured alongside the model of comprehensive area development programs (known internally as ADPs). Each ADP has a Health & Nutrition component which seeks to deliver support through (while simultaneously strengthening) local health structures. In July 2005 and as a result of the 2005 food crisis in Niger that year, World Vision launched a community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program based on the National Protocol for the Management of Acute Malnutrition. At that time, contacts were made with Valid International – aimed at establishing a partnership for an effective and quality delivery of the CMAM program. An institutional agreement between World Vision and Valid International was reached in July 2006, thus paving the way for the provision of technical support to the Niger CTC (now called CMAM) program.
As a part of the national nutrition strategy, WV is currently implementing CMAM in many decentralized government health centers throughout the country, with the support of partner NGOs (ex. Medecins Sans Frontieres). From the onset of CMAM program implementation, It has been integrated within the Ministry of Health structures such as the CSIs (Integrated Health Centers) with regular trainings of MOH health staff at national, regional and CSI levels based on the most revised version of the National Protocol, ultimately leading to the final version (i.e. Protocole Nationale de prise en Charge de la Malnutrition. MOH Publique/UNICEF/OMS. Juin 2009).
","Evaluation of World Vision Niger Emergency Nutrition Programme, Tillaberi and Niamey Regions (Jul 2010 - Jul 2011), Bernadette Feeney, Technical Advisor, Valid International.
Evaluation Semi-Quantitative de l’Accessibilité et de la Couverture (SQUEAC) CSI appuyés par World Vision ADP de Kornaka West, Gobir Yamma, Chadakori et Goulbi Kaba Région de Maradi, République du Niger, (22 mars au 15 avril, 2011), Allie Norris, Consultante Mobilisation, Valid International.
Rapport De La Mobilisation Sociale Dans Le Cadre Du Redémarrage des Activités Du Programme De World Vision de Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë Régions de Zinder, Maradi et Tillabéri, Niger (13 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Allie Norris et Gabriele Walz Techniciennes de Mobilisation Sociale, Valid International.
Formation sur la “Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë” (PCMA) ADP de Zinder & de Tillabéri (20 juin au 19 juillet, 2010); ADP de Maradi (20 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante PCMA et Bernadette Feeneey, Valid International.
Evaluation Finale Du Programme CTC Dans La Région De Zinder World Vision, Niger (06 au 18 Juin, 2008), El Hadji Issakha Diop, CTC Advisor, Valid International.
Rapport De L’enquête De Couverture Du Projet CTC Exécuté Par World Vision ADPs De Kassama, DTk Et Gamou Région De Zinder Niger (Avril- Mai, 2007), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante CTC, Valid International.
Programme CTC de World Vision dans la région de Zinder, Niger : Evaluation à mi- parcours (11- 18 Mai, 2007), El Hadji Issakha Diop, Consultant CTC, Valid International.
Visite au programme CTC Région de Zinder (WV Niger), (13 – 24 Février, 2007) Montse Saboya, Valid International.
Mobilisation Communautaire Visite Technique au Programme de CTC Zinder, Niger, (20 février – 2 mars, 2007), Saul Guerrero & Nyauma Nyasani, Consultants de développement communautaire et social, Valid International.
Community Mobilisation aspects of the World Vision CTC Programme, Zinder Region, Niger (Aug 4 - 18, 2006), Saul Guerrero, Valid International.
Assessment for CTC World Vision in Niger (Jul - Aug, 2006), Valid International.
Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition Model: http://www.wvi.org/nutrition/project-models/cmam
","","","Health","Gouvernement du Niger et la Direction Departementale de la Sante Publique et la Direction de la Nutrition (DN/MSP)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Currency: US Dollars (USD)Purposes: Salaries & Benefits; Supplies & Materials; Travel & Transportation; Training & Consulting; Monitoring & Evaluation; Occupancy; Communications; Equipment.Action: Covers all actions","International NGOs","World Vision International","World Vision is a global Christian relief, development and advocacy organisation dedicated to working with children, families and communities to overcome poverty and injustice. http://www.wvi.org (WV Canada, WV US, WV Taiwan, WV UK, WV New Zealand, WV Germany, and WV Switzerland are support offices)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","","The Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) brings 14 leading UK aid charities together in times of crisis: Action Aid, Age International, British Red Cross, CAFOD, Care International, Christian Aid, Concern Worldwide, Islamic Relief, Merlin, Oxfam, Plan UK, Save the Children, Tearfund and World Vision; all collectively raising money to reach those in need quickly. http://www.dec.org.uk/about-dec","UN","World Food Programme (WFP)","The World Food Programme (WFP) is the United Nations' frontline agency in the fight against hunger. It responds to emergencies, saving lives by getting food to the hungry fast, and it also works to help prevent hunger in the future. http://www.wfp.org (The WFP provides WVN direct supply of food for SFP in different CSI).","UN","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is the main UN organization defending, promoting and protecting children's rights. UNICEF works to improve the social and economic conditions of children by increasing children's access to health care, safe drinking water, food, and education; protecting children from violence and abuse; and providing emergency relief after disasters. http://www.unicef.org","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) is Canada's lead agency for development assistance. http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/home","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","US Agency for International Development (USAID)","The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the United States federal government agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid. http://www.usaid.gov (The fund is provided through the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA))","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID)","The Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) is the Australian Government agency responsible for managing Australia's overseas aid programme. http://www.ausaid.gov.au/Pages/home.aspx","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)","The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) is a government organization under the Swedish Foreign Ministry responsible for administering approximately half of Sweden's budget for development aid. http://www.sida.se/English/","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","17821","","Management of moderate malnutrition","","","","MAM child|Preschool-age children (Pre-SAC)","6 - 59 months","5 regions (Zinder, Maradi, Niamey, Tillabéri, Tahoua)","Community-based","","World Vision works with communities through Area Development Programs (ADPs) that have been identified and implemented based on a series of development criteria. The ADPs serve as the basic intervention unit of the WV's multi-sectoral programs/projects (e.g. in education, water and sanitation, health, income-generating activities and sponsorship of children etc.), but the geographical areas of the ADPs do not necessarily align with administrative boundaries of the country. The whole ADP and program management structure is geared toward long-term development programming, into which the nutritional activities/programs such as Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) are integrated.
Since July/August 2005, WV Niger has been implementing and supporting the following four components of a CMAM program:
All programmatic activities are implemented through the local health structures and systems and their respective catchment areas. The majority of the OTP and SFP activities are implemented in the Integrated Health Centers (CSI) but in order to achieve greater coverage and to bring supplementary facilities closer to communities, WV has also implemented the programs in Health Posts (CS) which are satellites of CSI. Most OTP take place together with SFP in CSI but few are located in CS as well. The OTP activities, including the provision of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (Plumpy Nut) and the systematic treatments are conducted on a weekly basis, whereas the SFP activities, including the distribution of Fortified Blended Food (CSB (Corn Soya Based), oil, sugar) for MAM children and moderately malnourished PLWs are carried out bi-monthly basis. The numbers of OTP and SFP sites and staff per ADP differ depending on the target population size and needs.
The technical (nutrition related) and managerial structure of WV in Niger (WVN) includes two nutrition coordinators (East and West) and six regional nutrition supervisor mangers (one per region) who coordinate and harmonize nutritional activities through the different locations. All of them are supported by a relief-nutrition country manager based in Niamey. In each ADP, there is also a health-nutrition manager who is responsible for overseeing ADP related health and nutrition programs and staff. As the national health system is WV's principle partner, WVN staff always work in partnership/collaboration with Ministry of Health (MOH) staff. Currently, WVN staff mainly act as technical facilitators and help with the general management of the program activities such as site organization, training of the community volunteers who help during distributions, channeling food and medical supplies coming from UNICEF and WFP, and program monitoring. Depending on the ADP, there is also either one or two nurses who provides support to the MOH staff in the field.
","SFP Outcome
Cured % (#)
> 75%
Died % (#)
< 3%
Defaulted % (#)
< 15%
Non-recovered % (#)
Regions
Reporting Period: 2010
Maradi (Sept-Dec)
88.5 (491)
0.4 (2)
8.6 (48)
2.5 (14)
Niamey (Jan-Dec)
88.6 (194)
0.0 (0)
1.4 (3)
10.0 (22)
Tahoua (Aug-Dec)
86.4 (248)
0.0 (0)
13.6 (39)
0.0 (0)
Tillaberi (June-Dec)
88.4 (501)
0.7 (4)
10.2 (58)
0.7 (4)
Zinder (Jan-Dec)
90.8 (640)
2.6 (18)
5.4 (38)
1.3 (9)
Reporting Period: Jan - Dec, 2011
Maradi
97.0 (7069)
0.0 (3)
2.2 (162)
0.7 (51)
Niamey
85.8 (1949)
0.2 (5)
7.7 (175)
6.3 (143)
Tahoua
92.1 (1413)
0.0 (0)
6.3 (96)
1.6 (25)
Tillaberi
93.7 (4413)
0.2 (9)
5.1 (242)
0.9 (44)
Zinder
95.6 (4825)
0.4 (18)
2.4 (119)
1.7 (84)
Reporting Period: Jan - Dec, 2012
Maradi
99.0 (9559)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (38)
0.6 (54)
Niamey
81.3 (1886)
0.0 (0)
10.0 (233)
8.7 (201)
Tahoua
90.1 (984)
0.2 (2)
7.7 (84)
2.0 (22)
Tillaberi
88.7 (2065)
0.2 (4)
9.7 (226)
1.4 (33)
Zinder
94.9 (5508)
0.1 (3)
2.6 (148)
2.5 (143)
Reporting Period: 2013
Maradi (Jan-Apr)
97.1 (1501)
0.1 (1)
2.7 (42)
0.1 (2)
Niamey (Jan-Apr)
73.9 (241)
0.0 (0)
18.7 (61)
7.4 (24)
Tahoua (Jan-May)
88.7 (344)
0.0 (0)
9.0 (35)
2.3 (9)
Tillaberi
NA
NA
NA
NA
Zinder (Jan-May)
99.7 (2910)
0.0 (0)
0.2 (6)
0.1 (2)
","Ongoing monitoring and evaluation of CMAM programs is essential for ensuring program targets are being reached. As of Spring 2010, WV is using a consolidated online database management system for CMAM programs. The system is a positive transformation from the existing Excel spreadsheets (template provided by Valid International) that were used during the first few years of WV CMAM programming by National Offices. A simple and systematic data management system allows multi-level program managers to easily retrieve CMAM data and make quick and accurate decisions based on the data that is available to them. In the early days of WV CMAM implementation, prompt access the Excel database was limited to the field staff throughout the year. However, WV’s online CMAM system aims to facilitate this overall data recovery process for WV Staff located in the National, Regional and Support Offices, and Global Health Centre, as well. The online system is carefully designed to be user friendly and applicable for WV staffs across partnership. Staff members are provided with password protected login identification and can access the different online pages that are relevant to their job responsibilities. In this way, they are able to input their monthly tally sheets, generate clear reports, predict future trends (including resources), provide timely input to all internal/external requests and access raw data sheets for further analysis. Furthermore, the quantitative indicators and data collection tools closely align themselves with what has been developed and used by different MOH, facilitating a simple integrating with existing administrative systems and standards in a particular country. All WV CMAM indicators and data collection tools have been standardized to complement the existing myriad of MOH and National Office requirements, as well as the International benchmarks (e.g. SPHERE). In addition to these standard indicators, the CMAM database also includes WV contextual data (e.g. # Registered Children, # Orphans & Vulnerable Children) that is mandatory with the Partnership’s Integrated Program Management.
","ADP Name Total Population; 6-59 months Kornaka West 68,165; 15,261 Gobir Yamma 56,032; 12,934 Ouallam 572,377; 188,745 Simiri 186,528; 76,805","Zinder: April-May 2007, point coverage = 28.5% and period coverage = 49.0%.","","Sept - Oct, 2005: National GAM 15.3%, SAM 1.8%; Zinder GAM 16.1%, SAM 1.2%.Sept, 2006: Maradi GAM 8.2%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.3/10,000. Oct - Nov, 2006: National GAM 10.3%, SAM 1.4%, U5M 1.08/10,000, Exclusive breastfeeding 2.2%, Complementary feeding (6-9mos) 78.4%; Zinder GAM 9.7%, SAM 1.7%; Maradi GAM 6.8%, SAM 0.6%; Tahoua GAM 12.5%, SAM 1.1%; Tillaberi GAM 11.2%, SAM 1.9%; Niamey GAM 9.2%; SAM 0.5%. June, 2007: National GAM 11.2%, SAM 1%, U5M 0.71/10,000; Tillaberi GAM 11.2%Oct - Nov, 2007: National GAM 11.0%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.81/10,000, Exclusive breastfeeding 9.0%, Complementary feeding (6-9mos) 78.4%; Zinder GAM 11.7%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 3.55/10,000, EB 9.7%, CF 68.2%; Maradi GAM 10.7%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 0.83/10,000, EB 7.6%, CF 73.9%; Tahoua GAM 13.1%, SAM 0.4%, U5M 1.62/10,000, EB 15.7%, CF 89.7%; Tillaberi GAM 7.9%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 3.14/10,000, EB 1.6%, CF 63.5%; Niamey GAM 9.9%, SAM 0.9%, U5M 1.57/10,000, EB 17.1%, CF 40.6%. June-July, 2008: National GAM 10.7%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.53/10,000; Zinder GAM 15.7%, SAM 1.9%, U5M 2.13/10,000; Maradi GAM 9.9%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 1.79/10,000; Tahoua GAM 8.4%, SAM 0.6%, U5M 1.67/10,000; Tillaberi GAM 10.1%, SAM 0.1%, U5M 1.11/10,000; Niamey GAM 6.8%, SAM 0.9%, U5M 0.34/10,000. May-June, 2010: National GAM 16.7%, SAM 3.2%; Maradi GAM 19.7%, SAM 3.9%; Zinder GAM 17.8%, SAM 3.6%; Tillaberi GAM 14.8%, SAM 2.7%. June, 2009: National GAM 12.3%, SAM 2.3%.Oct, 2010: Maradi GAM 15.5%, SAM 4.3% ","See above","Vulnerable groups","","eLENA titles related to prevention or treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children>>>Supplementary feeding in community settings for promoting child growth>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/child_growth|Food supplementation in children with moderate acute malnutrition>>http://www.who.int/elena/titles/food_children_mam","Supplies","Problem: The lack of a consistent supply of nutritional commodities for SFP has put children suffering from MAM at an increased risk for relapse, non-response, deterioration in status (into SAM) and defaulting. This lack of consistency has also negatively affected the credibility of the SFP program within the community. In turn, this has reduced the overall number of caregivers accessing the SFP services and thus has become a barrier to access.Solution: Contingency planning by the Food Commodity Department and logistics within WV to avoid stock shortage. For example add an extra percentage onto projected estimations each month in order to always have stock in place. ","Communication","Problem: The lack of clarity over the use of RUSF (Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food) and the target group has introduced increased risks for MAM cases in more vulnerable age groups. These cases were not being treated properly, thereby reducing effectiveness of the SFP program. Solution: Clarification with written protocols on the use of RUSF and other nutritional commodities for MAM and the target groups should be made available in the CSIs. It is also essential that there is community sensitization/awareness in the CSI catchment communities on the MAM aspect of CMAM.","External factors","Problem - Conflicting admission criteria: Community Volunteers (Femmes Relais) screen children for MAM in the communities using MUAC. However, upon arrival to the CSI/CS, the same children are admitted into the program on the basis of W/H criteria (outlined in National Protocol). Due to the discrepancies between W/H and MUAC screening, children are rejected from the program. This can reduce the effectiveness of community mobilization because of the problem of rejection.Solution: In order to increase coverage of the program a mass screening was carried out in the 5 regions covered by WV. Over 40,000 children were screened which resulted in a subsequent increase in the SFP admission. ","External factors","Problem: Distance as a barrier to access. Some of the CSI are located very far from the communities that they are serving. Solution: Expand MAM treatment (i.e. SFP) to Health Posts (CS) in order to reduce distance travelled for beneficiaries thus helping to improve the program accessibility as well as reducing the work load in CSIs (however the program capacity must be assured before decentralising these services to health posts).","Staff skills/training","Problem: When CTC/CMAM was launched in Niger in 2005/2006, the national/international capacity available for CTC/CMAM implementation was very limited, resulting in a low quality program. Solution: WV developed an Institutional Agreement with Valid International to build their capacity in the overall management of acute malnutrition.","Staff retention","Problem: Due to the erratic funding cycles associated with CMAM programming, it was very difficult to retain staff (Community Mobilization volunteers, MOH staff and WV Staff) when funding cycles terminate. Furthermore, there are difficulties retaining volunteers and keeping them motivated to continue their activities. Solution: WVN established permanent positions, embedded within their ADP and National management structures, for ongoing CMAM program support, including during funding disruptions. Furthermore, WVN can help improve sustainability of the self governing of CSIs and management of volunteers by building capacity of the village health committees (COGES) as an ongoing development commitment. ","Insufficient staff","Problem: In order to respond to the increased case load of SAM, the capacity of MOH (e.g. staff at CSIs) had to be increased. Solution: Rather than placing WV staff to manage the increased caseload, WV provided training and on-going support to strengthen volunteer capacity to manage SFP which will reduce workload of the health staff in the CSI thereby enabling them to address the more severe cases of malnutrition. This strategy appeared to be very effective in helping the MOH to cope with the case load. For Example: In three of the four CSIs sampled, it was found that the volunteers managed SFP completely thus relieving the existing CSI staff to manage SAM cases. ","","","","","","","","","","English" "17804","Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programme in Niger ","English","National","","NER","Niger","Zinder, Niger|Maradi, Niger|Niamey, Niger|Tillabéry, Niger|Tahoua, Niger","Urban|Rural","on-going","01-2005","","The Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) is one of World Vision’s core project models in nutrition. The CMAM approach enables community volunteers to identify and initiate treatment by referring children with acute malnutrition before they become seriously ill. Caregivers provide treatment for the majority of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the home using Ready-to-Use-Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) and receiving routine medical care at a local health facility. When necessary, severely malnourished children who have medical complications or lack an appetite are referred to in-patient facilities for more intensive treatment. CMAM programs also work to integrate treatment with a variety of other longer-term interventions such as Nutrition Education, Infant and Young Child Feeding and Food Security. These interventions are designed to reduce the incidence of malnutrition and improve public health and food security in a sustainable manner.
There are four key components to the CMAM approach: Community Mobilisation, Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP), Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP), and Stabilisation Centre/In-patient Care (SC). On the most part, World Vision does not set up Stabilisation Centres but instead works closely with existing local health institutions or medical NGOs to provide these services.
World Vision has been operational in Niger for almost two decades – implementing a wide range of long-term development activities across the country. Their work is structured alongside the model of comprehensive area development programs (known internally as ADPs). Each ADP has a Health & Nutrition component which seeks to deliver support through (while simultaneously strengthening) local health structures. In July 2005 and as a result of the 2005 food crisis in Niger that year, World Vision launched a community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program based on the National Protocol for the Management of Acute Malnutrition. At that time, contacts were made with Valid International – aimed at establishing a partnership for an effective and quality delivery of the CMAM program. An institutional agreement between World Vision and Valid International was reached in July 2006, thus paving the way for the provision of technical support to the Niger CTC (now called CMAM) program.
As a part of the national nutrition strategy, WV is currently implementing CMAM in many decentralized government health centers throughout the country, with the support of partner NGOs (ex. Medecins Sans Frontieres). From the onset of CMAM program implementation, It has been integrated within the Ministry of Health structures such as the CSIs (Integrated Health Centers) with regular trainings of MOH health staff at national, regional and CSI levels based on the most revised version of the National Protocol, ultimately leading to the final version (i.e. Protocole Nationale de prise en Charge de la Malnutrition. MOH Publique/UNICEF/OMS. Juin 2009).
","Evaluation of World Vision Niger Emergency Nutrition Programme, Tillaberi and Niamey Regions (Jul 2010 - Jul 2011), Bernadette Feeney, Technical Advisor, Valid International.
Evaluation Semi-Quantitative de l’Accessibilité et de la Couverture (SQUEAC) CSI appuyés par World Vision ADP de Kornaka West, Gobir Yamma, Chadakori et Goulbi Kaba Région de Maradi, République du Niger, (22 mars au 15 avril, 2011), Allie Norris, Consultante Mobilisation, Valid International.
Rapport De La Mobilisation Sociale Dans Le Cadre Du Redémarrage des Activités Du Programme De World Vision de Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë Régions de Zinder, Maradi et Tillabéri, Niger (13 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Allie Norris et Gabriele Walz Techniciennes de Mobilisation Sociale, Valid International.
Formation sur la “Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë” (PCMA) ADP de Zinder & de Tillabéri (20 juin au 19 juillet, 2010); ADP de Maradi (20 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante PCMA et Bernadette Feeneey, Valid International.
Evaluation Finale Du Programme CTC Dans La Région De Zinder World Vision, Niger (06 au 18 Juin, 2008), El Hadji Issakha Diop, CTC Advisor, Valid International.
Rapport De L’enquête De Couverture Du Projet CTC Exécuté Par World Vision ADPs De Kassama, DTk Et Gamou Région De Zinder Niger (Avril- Mai, 2007), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante CTC, Valid International.
Programme CTC de World Vision dans la région de Zinder, Niger : Evaluation à mi- parcours (11- 18 Mai, 2007), El Hadji Issakha Diop, Consultant CTC, Valid International.
Visite au programme CTC Région de Zinder (WV Niger), (13 – 24 Février, 2007) Montse Saboya, Valid International.
Mobilisation Communautaire Visite Technique au Programme de CTC Zinder, Niger, (20 février – 2 mars, 2007), Saul Guerrero & Nyauma Nyasani, Consultants de développement communautaire et social, Valid International.
Community Mobilisation aspects of the World Vision CTC Programme, Zinder Region, Niger (Aug 4 - 18, 2006), Saul Guerrero, Valid International.
Assessment for CTC World Vision in Niger (Jul - Aug, 2006), Valid International.
Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition Model: http://www.wvi.org/nutrition/project-models/cmam
","","","Health","Gouvernement du Niger et la Direction Departementale de la Sante Publique et la Direction de la Nutrition (DN/MSP)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Currency: US Dollars (USD)Purposes: Salaries & Benefits; Supplies & Materials; Travel & Transportation; Training & Consulting; Monitoring & Evaluation; Occupancy; Communications; Equipment.Action: Covers all actions","International NGOs","World Vision International","World Vision is a global Christian relief, development and advocacy organisation dedicated to working with children, families and communities to overcome poverty and injustice. http://www.wvi.org (WV Canada, WV US, WV Taiwan, WV UK, WV New Zealand, WV Germany, and WV Switzerland are support offices)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","","The Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) brings 14 leading UK aid charities together in times of crisis: Action Aid, Age International, British Red Cross, CAFOD, Care International, Christian Aid, Concern Worldwide, Islamic Relief, Merlin, Oxfam, Plan UK, Save the Children, Tearfund and World Vision; all collectively raising money to reach those in need quickly. http://www.dec.org.uk/about-dec","UN","World Food Programme (WFP)","The World Food Programme (WFP) is the United Nations' frontline agency in the fight against hunger. It responds to emergencies, saving lives by getting food to the hungry fast, and it also works to help prevent hunger in the future. http://www.wfp.org (The WFP provides WVN direct supply of food for SFP in different CSI).","UN","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is the main UN organization defending, promoting and protecting children's rights. UNICEF works to improve the social and economic conditions of children by increasing children's access to health care, safe drinking water, food, and education; protecting children from violence and abuse; and providing emergency relief after disasters. http://www.unicef.org","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) is Canada's lead agency for development assistance. http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/home","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","US Agency for International Development (USAID)","The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the United States federal government agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid. http://www.usaid.gov (The fund is provided through the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA))","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID)","The Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) is the Australian Government agency responsible for managing Australia's overseas aid programme. http://www.ausaid.gov.au/Pages/home.aspx","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)","The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) is a government organization under the Swedish Foreign Ministry responsible for administering approximately half of Sweden's budget for development aid. http://www.sida.se/English/","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","17823","","Food distribution/supplementation for prevention of acute malnutrition","","","","Lactating women (LW)|Pregnant women (PW)|Pregnant/lactating women with HIV/AIDS","","Zinder, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua","Community-based","","World Vision works with communities through Area Development Programs (ADPs) that have been identified and implemented based on a series of development criteria. The ADPs serve as the basic intervention unit of the WV's multi-sectoral programs/projects (e.g. in education, water and sanitation, health, income-generating activities and sponsorship of children etc.), but the geographical areas of the ADPs do not necessarily align with administrative boundaries of the country. The whole ADP and program management structure is geared toward long-term development programming, into which the nutritional activities/programs such as Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) are integrated.
Since July/August 2005, WV Niger has been implementing and supporting the following four components of a CMAM program:
All programmatic activities are implemented through the local health structures and systems and their respective catchment areas. The majority of the OTP and SFP activities are implemented in the Integrated Health Centers (CSI) but in order to achieve greater coverage and to bring supplementary facilities closer to communities, WV has also implemented the programs in Health Posts (CS) which are satellites of CSI. Most OTP take place together with SFP in CSI but few are located in CS as well. The OTP activities, including the provision of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (Plumpy Nut) and the systematic treatments are conducted on a weekly basis, whereas the SFP activities, including the distribution of Fortified Blended Food (Premix with CSB (Corn Soya Based), oil, sugar) for MAM children and moderately malnourished PLWs are carried out bi-monthly basis. The numbers of OTP and SFP sites and staff per ADP differ depending on the target population size and needs.
The technical (nutrition related) and managerial structure of WV in Niger (WVN) includes two nutrition coordinators (East and West) and six regional nutrition supervisor mangers (one per region) who coordinate and harmonize nutritional activities through the different locations. All of them are supported by a relief-nutrition country manager based in Niamey. In each ADP, there is also a health-nutrition manager who is responsible for overseeing ADP related health and nutrition programs and staff. As the national health system is WV's principle partner, WVN staff always work in partnership/collaboration with Ministry of Health (MOH) staff. Currently, WVN staff mainly act as technical facilitators and help with the general management of the program activities such as site organization, training of the community volunteers who help during distributions, channeling food and medical supplies coming from UNICEF and WFP, and program monitoring. Depending on the ADP, there is also either one or two nurses who provides support to the MOH staff in the field.
","
The Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) is one of World Vision’s core project models in nutrition. The CMAM approach enables community volunteers to identify and initiate treatment by referring children with acute malnutrition before they become seriously ill. Caregivers provide treatment for the majority of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the home using Ready-to-Use-Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) and receiving routine medical care at a local health facility. When necessary, severely malnourished children who have medical complications or lack an appetite are referred to in-patient facilities for more intensive treatment. CMAM programs also work to integrate treatment with a variety of other longer-term interventions such as Nutrition Education, Infant and Young Child Feeding and Food Security. These interventions are designed to reduce the incidence of malnutrition and improve public health and food security in a sustainable manner.
There are four key components to the CMAM approach: Community Mobilisation, Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP), Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP), and Stabilisation Centre/In-patient Care (SC). On the most part, World Vision does not set up Stabilisation Centres but instead works closely with existing local health institutions or medical NGOs to provide these services.
World Vision has been operational in Niger for almost two decades – implementing a wide range of long-term development activities across the country. Their work is structured alongside the model of comprehensive area development programs (known internally as ADPs). Each ADP has a Health & Nutrition component which seeks to deliver support through (while simultaneously strengthening) local health structures. In July 2005 and as a result of the 2005 food crisis in Niger that year, World Vision launched a community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program based on the National Protocol for the Management of Acute Malnutrition. At that time, contacts were made with Valid International – aimed at establishing a partnership for an effective and quality delivery of the CMAM program. An institutional agreement between World Vision and Valid International was reached in July 2006, thus paving the way for the provision of technical support to the Niger CTC (now called CMAM) program.
As a part of the national nutrition strategy, WV is currently implementing CMAM in many decentralized government health centers throughout the country, with the support of partner NGOs (ex. Medecins Sans Frontieres). From the onset of CMAM program implementation, It has been integrated within the Ministry of Health structures such as the CSIs (Integrated Health Centers) with regular trainings of MOH health staff at national, regional and CSI levels based on the most revised version of the National Protocol, ultimately leading to the final version (i.e. Protocole Nationale de prise en Charge de la Malnutrition. MOH Publique/UNICEF/OMS. Juin 2009).
","Evaluation of World Vision Niger Emergency Nutrition Programme, Tillaberi and Niamey Regions (Jul 2010 - Jul 2011), Bernadette Feeney, Technical Advisor, Valid International.
Evaluation Semi-Quantitative de l’Accessibilité et de la Couverture (SQUEAC) CSI appuyés par World Vision ADP de Kornaka West, Gobir Yamma, Chadakori et Goulbi Kaba Région de Maradi, République du Niger, (22 mars au 15 avril, 2011), Allie Norris, Consultante Mobilisation, Valid International.
Rapport De La Mobilisation Sociale Dans Le Cadre Du Redémarrage des Activités Du Programme De World Vision de Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë Régions de Zinder, Maradi et Tillabéri, Niger (13 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Allie Norris et Gabriele Walz Techniciennes de Mobilisation Sociale, Valid International.
Formation sur la “Prise en charge Communautaire de la Malnutrition Aiguë” (PCMA) ADP de Zinder & de Tillabéri (20 juin au 19 juillet, 2010); ADP de Maradi (20 Juin au 8 Juillet, 2010), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante PCMA et Bernadette Feeneey, Valid International.
Evaluation Finale Du Programme CTC Dans La Région De Zinder World Vision, Niger (06 au 18 Juin, 2008), El Hadji Issakha Diop, CTC Advisor, Valid International.
Rapport De L’enquête De Couverture Du Projet CTC Exécuté Par World Vision ADPs De Kassama, DTk Et Gamou Région De Zinder Niger (Avril- Mai, 2007), Lionella Fieschi, Consultante CTC, Valid International.
Programme CTC de World Vision dans la région de Zinder, Niger : Evaluation à mi- parcours (11- 18 Mai, 2007), El Hadji Issakha Diop, Consultant CTC, Valid International.
Visite au programme CTC Région de Zinder (WV Niger), (13 – 24 Février, 2007) Montse Saboya, Valid International.
Mobilisation Communautaire Visite Technique au Programme de CTC Zinder, Niger, (20 février – 2 mars, 2007), Saul Guerrero & Nyauma Nyasani, Consultants de développement communautaire et social, Valid International.
Community Mobilisation aspects of the World Vision CTC Programme, Zinder Region, Niger (Aug 4 - 18, 2006), Saul Guerrero, Valid International.
Assessment for CTC World Vision in Niger (Jul - Aug, 2006), Valid International.
Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition Model: http://www.wvi.org/nutrition/project-models/cmam
","","","Health","Gouvernement du Niger et la Direction Departementale de la Sante Publique et la Direction de la Nutrition (DN/MSP)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Currency: US Dollars (USD)Purposes: Salaries & Benefits; Supplies & Materials; Travel & Transportation; Training & Consulting; Monitoring & Evaluation; Occupancy; Communications; Equipment.Action: Covers all actions","International NGOs","World Vision International","World Vision is a global Christian relief, development and advocacy organisation dedicated to working with children, families and communities to overcome poverty and injustice. http://www.wvi.org (WV Canada, WV US, WV Taiwan, WV UK, WV New Zealand, WV Germany, and WV Switzerland are support offices)","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","","The Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) brings 14 leading UK aid charities together in times of crisis: Action Aid, Age International, British Red Cross, CAFOD, Care International, Christian Aid, Concern Worldwide, Islamic Relief, Merlin, Oxfam, Plan UK, Save the Children, Tearfund and World Vision; all collectively raising money to reach those in need quickly. http://www.dec.org.uk/about-dec","UN","World Food Programme (WFP)","The World Food Programme (WFP) is the United Nations' frontline agency in the fight against hunger. It responds to emergencies, saving lives by getting food to the hungry fast, and it also works to help prevent hunger in the future. http://www.wfp.org (The WFP provides WVN direct supply of food for SFP in different CSI).","UN","United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is the main UN organization defending, promoting and protecting children's rights. UNICEF works to improve the social and economic conditions of children by increasing children's access to health care, safe drinking water, food, and education; protecting children from violence and abuse; and providing emergency relief after disasters. http://www.unicef.org","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)","The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) is Canada's lead agency for development assistance. http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/home","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","US Agency for International Development (USAID)","The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the United States federal government agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid. http://www.usaid.gov (The fund is provided through the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA))","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID)","The Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) is the Australian Government agency responsible for managing Australia's overseas aid programme. http://www.ausaid.gov.au/Pages/home.aspx","Bilateral and donor agencies and lenders","Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)","The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) is a government organization under the Swedish Foreign Ministry responsible for administering approximately half of Sweden's budget for development aid. http://www.sida.se/English/","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","17824","","Nutrition education and counselling","","","","Adolescents|Adult men and women|Elderly|Family ( living in same household)|Females|Lactating women (LW)|Males|Non-pregnant women (NPW)|Non-pregnant, non-lactating women (NPNLW)|Pregnant women (PW)|Pregnant/lactating women with HIV/AIDS|Women of reproductive age (WRA)","","5 regions (Zinder, Maradi, Niamey, Tillabéri, Tahoua)","Community-based","","Once the main components of the CMAM programme (e.g. OTP and SFP) have been well implemented in the existing MOH and community structures, a focus was given to address the negative behavioural and adaptive issues around IYCF in order to prevent further malnutrition. Depending on the priorities and funding availability, some ADPs were able to integrate IYCF activities in the CMAM. These included carrying out weekly health and nutrition session on CMAM days at the CSIs (Health Centers) and reactivating PD Hearth approach to develop menus using new types of locally available foods for complementary feeding promotion. Additional objectives of IYCF included strengthening existing nutrition systems and capacity building through training of health workers and community volunteers on IYCF and carrying out a baseline survey on IYCF and quarterly monitoring of changes in behaviour (e.g. EBF rates, diversity of food groups in complementary feeding). However, apart from the weekly nutrition education sessions at the CSIs, some of the activities did not translate into action at the community level. For example, the training of national WV staff on IYCF did not cascade down to the community level with community volunteers and also did not translated into activities or development of monitoring tools at community level. Additionally, no baseline IYCF information was available and quarterly monitoring data had not been collected or was unavailable at community level.
NB: This program was funded for a year therefore continuation of the activities beyond the funding period is likely be sporadic as it will depend on various factors including staff and volunteer capacity and motivation.
","For Tillaberi and Niamey regions in July 2010-July 2011:
Nutrition education (incl. IYCF): Target 24,700; Achieved (by the 3rd quarter) 14,234
Number and percentage of infants 0-6 mos who are exclusively breastfed: Target 310 (10%); Achieved N/A
Number and percentage of children aged 6-24 mos who receive foods daily from 4 or more food groups: Target 3045 (40%); Achieved N/A
","Due to a lack of monitoring and reporting it was not possible to report on Infant and Young Child Feeding activities apart from nutrition education sessions at the health centers even if these activities had been occurring in an informal manner in the communities. But it appears that these activities had been strengthened and expanded towards the end of the programme cycle.
","See outcome indicator section","NA","","Sept - Oct, 2005: National GAM 15.3%, SAM 1.8%; Zinder GAM 16.1%, SAM 1.2%.Sept, 2006: Maradi GAM 8.2%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.3/10,000. Oct - Nov, 2006: National GAM 10.3%, SAM 1.4%, U5M 1.08/10,000, Exclusive breastfeeding 2.2%, Complementary feeding (6-9mos) 78.4%; Zinder GAM 9.7%, SAM 1.7%; Maradi GAM 6.8%, SAM 0.6%; Tahoua GAM 12.5%, SAM 1.1%; Tillaberi GAM 11.2%, SAM 1.9%; Niamey GAM 9.2%; SAM 0.5%. June, 2007: National GAM 11.2%, SAM 1%, U5M 0.71/10,000; Tillaberi GAM 11.2%Oct - Nov, 2007: National GAM 11.0%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.81/10,000, Exclusive breastfeeding 9.0%, Complementary feeding (6-9mos) 78.4%; Zinder GAM 11.7%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 3.55/10,000, EB 9.7%, CF 68.2%; Maradi GAM 10.7%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 0.83/10,000, EB 7.6%, CF 73.9%; Tahoua GAM 13.1%, SAM 0.4%, U5M 1.62/10,000, EB 15.7%, CF 89.7%; Tillaberi GAM 7.9%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 3.14/10,000, EB 1.6%, CF 63.5%; Niamey GAM 9.9%, SAM 0.9%, U5M 1.57/10,000, EB 17.1%, CF 40.6%. June-July, 2008: National GAM 10.7%, SAM 0.8%, U5M 1.53/10,000; Zinder GAM 15.7%, SAM 1.9%, U5M 2.13/10,000; Maradi GAM 9.9%, SAM 1.0%, U5M 1.79/10,000; Tahoua GAM 8.4%, SAM 0.6%, U5M 1.67/10,000; Tillaberi GAM 10.1%, SAM 0.1%, U5M 1.11/10,000; Niamey GAM 6.8%, SAM 0.9%, U5M 0.34/10,000. May-June, 2010: National GAM 16.7%, SAM 3.2%; Maradi GAM 19.7%, SAM 3.9%; Zinder GAM 17.8%, SAM 3.6%; Tillaberi GAM 14.8%, SAM 2.7%. June, 2009: National GAM 12.3%, SAM 2.3%.Oct, 2010: Maradi GAM 15.5%, SAM 4.3% ","Same as above","Vulnerable groups","","","Management","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WV Niger’s implementation of IYCF activities into the ongoing CMAM program started late in the program period. Due to the high resource (human & financial) intensity of implementing a CMAM program, it was not feasible to introduce IYCF activities until the latter program stages. At the beginning of the program, the MOH staff were trained in providing nutrition education sessions at CSIs on OTP/SFP days which included IYCF messages. Later on, national WV staff were trained on IYCF with the aim that they would cascade this training to the ADP level and then to the community level. However, the training did not continue to the community level (with community volunteers) until near end of the program period.
To strengthen IYCF component of CMAM including monitoring activities, the following activities are recommended:
1. Recruit community mobilisers at ADP level who will work with district Community Focal Points, WV ADP and National Community Mobiliser. The lack of WV community mobilisers at ADP level to work alongside the Nutrition Coordinators has risked a delay in training community volunteers and may have also prevented the implementation of community mobilization activities including IYCF activities and monitoring of these activities.
2. Ensure women are represented in nutrition programs. During the IYCF investigation the 50/50 presence of women as interviewers for the IYCF investigation ensured better access to women and thus the provision of more rigorous information regarding IYCF practices.
3. Develop monitoring tools for IYCF. E.g. How many IYCF sessions held and how many participated?
4. Carry out a representative and statistically significant baseline and final IYCF survey – for EBF rates and diversity of food groups.
","","English" "23382","Oportunidades","English","Large scale programmes","","MEX","Mexico","","Urban|Rural","on-going","","","Oportunidades (known as Progresa from 1997–2002) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme in operation at the time of writing. It was initiated in rural areas and expanded to include urban areas beginning in 2002, although approximately 70% of programme participants reside in rural areas. Targeting for Oportunidades is based on both geography, through identification of localities with high marginality indices, and socioeconomic status, through proxy means testing. Approximately 60 % of households in the bottom decile of per capita expenditures are participants, suggesting effective targeting of the poorest.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of Oportunidades is retrieved from the ENA Part II where Oportunidades is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
The health and nutrition transfer component of Oportunidades is US$ 15/household per month, about 20% of average monthly household expenditures. Receipt of transfer is conditional upon regular health visits for all children in which growth monitoring is included, pre- and postnatal care for women, and adult (greater than 15 years of age) participation in health and nutrition education sessions.
","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","Multiple evaluations of Oportunidades have been conducted with data demonstrating significant improvements in nutritional outcomes.
","","5 million families, approximately 20 % of the population","","","Increase in height in children 0–6 months of 1.1 cm (26.4 cm versus 25.3 cm) in programme beneficiaries compared to a control group. In rural children ages 12–24 months, a significant increase in mean hemoglobin of 0.37 g/dl was found after 12 months in the programme; 11.12 g/dl in the treatment group compared to 10.75 g/dl in the controls. Corresponding anaemia prevalence among beneficiary children was 44.3% compared to 54.9% among control children, a significant 10.6 ppt decrease. Even with improvement, nearly half of beneficiary children were still anaemic.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23382","Oportunidades","English","Large scale programmes","","MEX","Mexico","","Urban|Rural","on-going","","","Oportunidades (known as Progresa from 1997–2002) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme in operation at the time of writing. It was initiated in rural areas and expanded to include urban areas beginning in 2002, although approximately 70% of programme participants reside in rural areas. Targeting for Oportunidades is based on both geography, through identification of localities with high marginality indices, and socioeconomic status, through proxy means testing. Approximately 60 % of households in the bottom decile of per capita expenditures are participants, suggesting effective targeting of the poorest.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of Oportunidades is retrieved from the ENA Part II where Oportunidades is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
Regular health visits for all children in which growth monitoring is included
","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","Multiple evaluations of Oportunidades have been conducted with data demonstrating significant improvements in nutritional outcomes.
","","5 million families, approximately 20 % of the population","","","Increase in height in children 0–6 months of 1.1 cm (26.4 cm versus 25.3 cm) in programme beneficiaries compared to a control group","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23382","Oportunidades","English","Large scale programmes","","MEX","Mexico","","Urban|Rural","on-going","","","Oportunidades (known as Progresa from 1997–2002) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme in operation at the time of writing. It was initiated in rural areas and expanded to include urban areas beginning in 2002, although approximately 70% of programme participants reside in rural areas. Targeting for Oportunidades is based on both geography, through identification of localities with high marginality indices, and socioeconomic status, through proxy means testing. Approximately 60 % of households in the bottom decile of per capita expenditures are participants, suggesting effective targeting of the poorest.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of Oportunidades is retrieved from the ENA Part II where Oportunidades is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
Adult (greater than 15 years of age) participation in health and nutrition education sessions
","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","Multiple evaluations of Oportunidades have been conducted with data demonstrating significant improvements in nutritional outcomes.
","","5 million families, approximately 20 % of the population","","","Increase in height in children 0–6 months of 1.1 cm (26.4 cm versus 25.3 cm) in programme beneficiaries compared to a control group (35). In rural children ages 12–24 months, a significant increase in mean hemoglobin of 0.37 g/dl was found after 12 months in the programme; 11.12 g/dl in the treatment group compared to 10.75 g/dl in the controls. Corresponding anaemia prevalence among beneficiary children was 44.3% compared to 54.9% among control children, a significant 10.6 ppt decrease. Even with improvement, nearly half of beneficiary children were still anaemic","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23382","Oportunidades","English","Large scale programmes","","MEX","Mexico","","Urban|Rural","on-going","","","Oportunidades (known as Progresa from 1997–2002) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme in operation at the time of writing. It was initiated in rural areas and expanded to include urban areas beginning in 2002, although approximately 70% of programme participants reside in rural areas. Targeting for Oportunidades is based on both geography, through identification of localities with high marginality indices, and socioeconomic status, through proxy means testing. Approximately 60 % of households in the bottom decile of per capita expenditures are participants, suggesting effective targeting of the poorest.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of Oportunidades is retrieved from the ENA Part II where Oportunidades is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
The nutrition supplement is intended to provide 20% of daily caloric and 100% of daily micronutrient requirements.
","Height-for-age z-score (HAZ)
Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ)
","Multiple evaluations of Oportunidades have been conducted with data demonstrating significant improvements in nutritional outcomes.
","","5 million families, approximately 20 % of the population","","","An increase in height in children 0–6 months of 1.1 cm (26.4 cm versus 25.3 cm) in programme beneficiaries compared to a control group. In rural children ages 12–24 months, a significant increase in mean hemoglobin of 0.37 g/dl was found after 12 months in the programme; 11.12 g/dl in the treatment group compared to 10.75 g/dl in the controls. Corresponding anaemia prevalence among beneficiary children was 44.3% compared to 54.9% among control children, a significant 10.6 ppt decrease. Even with improvement, nearly half of beneficiary children were still anaemic.","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English" "23382","Oportunidades","English","Large scale programmes","","MEX","Mexico","","Urban|Rural","on-going","","","Oportunidades (known as Progresa from 1997–2002) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme in operation at the time of writing. It was initiated in rural areas and expanded to include urban areas beginning in 2002, although approximately 70% of programme participants reside in rural areas. Targeting for Oportunidades is based on both geography, through identification of localities with high marginality indices, and socioeconomic status, through proxy means testing. Approximately 60 % of households in the bottom decile of per capita expenditures are participants, suggesting effective targeting of the poorest.
","WHO (2013) Essential Nutrition Actions – Improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition, which provides a compact of WHO guidance on nutrition interventions targeting the first 1000 days of life. Part I presents the interventions currently recommended by WHO, summarizes the rationale and the evidence, and describes the actions require to implement them. Part II provides an analysis of community-based interventions aimed at improving nutrition and indicates how effective interventions can be delivered in an integrated fashion. It shows how the essential nutrition actions described in the first part have been implemented in large-scale programmes in various settings, what the outcomes have been, and to examine the evidence for attribution of changes in nutritional outcomes to programme activities. This summary of Oportunidades is retrieved from the ENA Part II where Oportunidades is one of 32 large-scale community-based programs that has been reviewed in detail and evaluated.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
Mean haemoglobin
Anemia prevalence
","Multiple evaluations of Oportunidades have been conducted with data demonstrating significant improvements in nutritional outcomes.
","","5 million families, approximately 20 % of the population","","","In rural children ages 12–24 months, a significant increase in mean hemoglobin of 0.37 g/dl was found after 12 months in the programme; 11.12 g/dl in the treatment group compared to 10.75 g/dl in the controls. Corresponding anaemia prevalence among beneficiary children was 44.3% compared to 54.9% among control children, a significant 10.6 ppt decrease. Even with improvement, nearly half of beneficiary children were still anaemic","Vulnerable groups","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English"