MNG_2009_STEPS_v01_M DDI_MNG_2009_STEPS_v01_M Yue Wu Melanie Cowan 2019-12-08 Nesstar Publisher Version 1.0 (December 2019). STEPS 2009 STEPS 2009 MNG_2009_STEPS_v01 Ministry of Health Nesstar Publisher NCD Surveillance Team STEPS This is the second STEPS conducted by Mongolia. Public-use dataset noncommunicable diseases risk factors health surveys tobacco use alcohol use diet nutrition salt physical activity blood pressure cervical cancer overweight obesity diabetes hypertension cardiovascular disease blood glucose cholesterol triglycerides HDL cholesterol violence and injury STEPS STEPS is a household-based survey to obtain core data on the established risk factors that determine the major burden of NCDs. Mongolia National Individuals Adults aged 15-64 years. Sample survey data [ssd] A multi-stage cluster sample of households. One individual within the age range of the survey was selected per household. Face-to-face [f2f] Accutrend devices were used for the blood measures in Step 3. The overall response rate was 95%. NCD Surveillance Team The data is being distributed without warranty of any kind. The responsibility for the use of the data lies with the user. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. MNG2009.NSDstat National public-use dataset 5438 154 Nesstar 200801 participant ID - unique record ID 5438 0 1 5700 2840.596 1649.645 sex 5438 0 Men 2217 Women 3221 age for analysis 5438 0 15 64 37.055 12.117 yrs of education 5438 0 0 77 10.456 3.786 highest level of education 5438 0 1 No formal schooling 74 2 Less than primary school 99 3 Primary school completed 527 4 Secondary school completed 1228 5 High school completed 1410 6 College completed 853 7 University completed 1176 8 Post graduate degree 71 88 Refused 0 ethnic group 5438 0 1 Khalkh 4460 2 Khazakh 107 3 Other 866 88 Refused 5 other ethnic group 866 0 ???? 171 ????? 12 ?????? 319 ??????? 17 ???????? 15 ????????? 2 barag 1 barga 3 bayad 14 bayd 4 borjigon 1 buriad 122 buriat 1 burisd 1 byriad 1 dariganga 39 darkhad 2 dorvod 14 durvud 10 hotgoid 2 hoton 2 medehgui 1 oild 1 old 2 oold 45 shar torguud 1 taig 1 torguud 4 tsors 2 tuvaa 1 tuvd 1 urainhai 1 urianha 1 urianhai 5 uriankhai 4 uuld 29 uzemchin 1 yrianhai 1 zahachin 1 zahchin 8 zakhchin 3 marital status 5438 0 1 Never married 934 2 Currently married 4024 3 Separated 35 4 Divorced 142 5 Widowed 236 6 Cohabitation 67 88 Refused 0 work status 5438 0 1 Government employee 1171 2 Non-government employee 574 3 Self-employed 1110 4 Non-paid 268 5 Student 479 6 Homemaker 621 7 Retired 427 8 Unemployed (able to work) 630 9 Unemployed (unable to work) 157 88 Refused 1 adults older than 18yrs in household 5438 0 1 248 2 2899 3 1135 4 693 5 297 6 103 7 47 8 9 9 2 10 1 11 2 18 2 77 Don't know 0 88 Refused 0 household earnings per week 49 5389 400 550000 95844.898 140839.128 household earnings per month 5146 292 0 999999 264319.45 201301.15 household earnings per year 111 5327 0 999999 604138.514 294198.523 household earnings refused 5438 0 0 5306 1 132 88 Refused 0 estimated household income (range) 132 5306 1 <=113,056 9 2 113,057-282,640 17 3 282,641-410,140 8 4 410,141-452,640 3 5 452,641-495,140 1 6 >=495,141 3 77 Don't know 75 88 Refused 16 Sysmiss 5306 current smoking 5438 0 1 Yes 1403 2 No 4035 current daily smoking 1403 4035 1 Yes 1238 2 No 165 Sysmiss 4035 age started smoking 1238 4200 7 16 8 6 9 3 10 14 11 8 12 30 13 41 14 34 15 81 16 138 17 86 18 170 19 80 20 138 21 49 22 42 23 33 24 27 25 80 26 15 27 9 28 8 29 11 30 30 31 4 32 9 33 11 34 7 35 10 36 2 37 3 38 6 39 2 40 6 41 2 42 7 43 2 44 1 45 3 46 4 47 1 50 4 53 1 54 2 56 1 61 1 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 4200 time since started smoking (years) 0 5438 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 5438 time since started smoking (months) 0 5438 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 5438 time since started smoking (weeks) 0 5438 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 5438 manufactured cigs smoked per day 1238 4200 0 195 1 22 2 24 3 55 4 60 5 128 6 65 7 40 8 46 9 6 10 263 11 1 12 30 13 9 14 4 15 50 16 3 17 1 18 1 20 215 23 2 25 1 30 8 35 1 40 7 50 1 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 4200 hand-rolled cigs smoked per day 1238 4200 0 902 1 3 2 5 3 16 4 11 5 41 6 28 7 5 8 16 9 3 10 70 11 1 12 11 13 4 15 28 16 1 18 2 20 33 25 6 30 5 35 1 38 1 40 3 50 1 77 Don't know 41 Sysmiss 4200 pipes smoked per day 1238 4200 0 1186 1 2 2 1 3 1 5 1 10 2 15 1 16 1 20 2 77 Don't know 41 Sysmiss 4200 cigars smoked per day 1238 4200 0 1195 20 1 77 Don't know 42 Sysmiss 4200 other smoked per day 1238 4200 0 1196 20 1 77 Don't know 41 Sysmiss 4200 specify other product smoked 1 0 ??????? 1 past daily smoking 4200 1238 1 Yes 335 2 No 3865 Sysmiss 1238 current smokeless tobacco use 5438 0 1 Yes 96 2 No 5342 current daily smokeless tobacco use 96 5342 1 Yes 12 2 No 84 Sysmiss 5342 Snuff, by mouth times per day 12 5426 0 8 1 1 3 1 77 Don't know 2 Sysmiss 5426 Snuff, by nose times per day 12 5426 0 3 1 1 2 1 3 2 10 3 20 2 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 5426 Chewing tobacco times per day 12 5426 0 10 77 Don't know 2 Sysmiss 5426 other smokeless product per day 12 5426 0 10 77 Don't know 2 Sysmiss 5426 specify other smokeless product per day 0 5438 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 5438 past daily smokeless use 5426 12 1 Yes 185 2 No 5241 Sysmiss 12 days exposed to smoke in home last 7 days 5438 0 0 3151 1 85 2 123 3 147 4 35 5 53 6 3 7 1841 77 Don't know 0 days exposed to smoke at work last 7 days 5438 0 0 3425 1 96 2 205 3 234 4 66 5 317 6 48 7 852 77 Don't know 195 ever drank alcohol 5438 0 1 Yes 3690 2 No 1748 drank alcohol in past 12 mos 3690 1748 1 Yes 3211 2 No 479 Sysmiss 1748 freq drinking in past 12 mos 3211 2227 1 Daily 21 2 5-6 days per week 24 3 1-4 days per week 172 4 1-3 days per month 972 5 less than once a month 2017 88 Refused 5 Sysmiss 2227 drank alcohol in past 30 days 3211 2227 1 Yes 2072 2 No 1139 Sysmiss 2227 number drinking occasions past 30 days 2072 3366 1 932 2 532 3 246 4 72 5 65 6 17 7 19 8 13 9 3 10 36 11 2 12 2 13 2 14 6 15 30 16 3 18 2 19 1 20 17 23 1 25 4 28 3 29 1 30 56 31 1 77 Don't know 6 Sysmiss 3366 average number drinks per occasion past 30 days 2072 3366 1 169 2 212 3 189 4 178 5 155 6 166 7 38 8 99 9 59 10 232 11 19 12 88 13 14 14 16 15 74 16 19 17 7 18 16 19 2 20 182 21 2 22 5 23 4 24 5 25 19 26 5 27 5 29 2 30 26 32 1 33 1 35 2 36 1 37 1 38 2 40 19 41 1 45 2 50 31 77 Don't know 4 Sysmiss 3366 largest number drinks past 30 days 2072 3366 1 221 2 194 3 170 4 150 5 150 6 134 7 27 8 86 9 63 10 220 11 19 12 83 13 16 14 14 15 78 16 18 17 8 18 15 20 215 21 5 22 3 23 6 24 6 25 27 26 6 27 3 28 4 29 3 30 41 32 2 35 3 38 1 40 32 41 1 45 3 47 1 50 41 77 Don't know 3 Sysmiss 3366 times drank 5+(men)/4+(women) drinks in single occasion past 30 days 2072 3366 0 602 1 794 2 329 3 167 4 52 5 37 6 14 7 10 8 11 9 2 10 20 12 3 13 1 15 12 16 2 19 2 20 6 23 1 25 3 29 1 77 Don't know 3 Sysmiss 3366 drinking with meals in past 30 days 2072 3366 1 usually with meals 1469 2 sometimes with meals 350 3 rarely with meals 160 4 never with meals 91 77 don't know 2 Sysmiss 3366 days fruit eaten per week 5437 1 0 3056 1 759 2 709 3 437 4 96 5 85 6 14 7 281 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 1 servings fruit eaten per day 2358 3080 1 937 2 760 3 324 4 148 5 99 6 44 7 25 8 18 9 3 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 3080 days veg eaten per week 5435 3 0 1001 1 151 2 334 3 471 4 241 5 345 6 73 7 2819 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 3 servings veg eaten per day 4410 1028 1 2285 2 1266 3 502 4 110 5 92 6 44 7 94 8 12 9 5 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 1028 oil used most often 5438 0 1 Olive oil 102 2 Corn oil 2225 3 Sunflower oil 1663 4 Animal fat 888 5 Dairy oil 12 6 Margarine 7 7 Other 489 8 None in particular 20 9 None used 26 77 Don't know 6 other oil used most often 26 0 ???-??? 10 ????.??? ??????? 1 ????.??? ??????? ??? 1 ????.??????? 1 ????.?????????? 1 erdeneshish 1 shar tos 8 solongostos 2 sunnygold 1 meals per week eaten outside home 5437 1 0 3635 1 320 2 344 3 254 4 65 5 540 6 89 7 187 8 1 12 2 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 1 vig activity at work 5438 0 1 Yes 1703 2 No 3735 vig activity at work: days per week 1701 3737 1 224 2 363 3 239 4 119 5 257 6 61 7 438 Sysmiss 3737 vig activity at work: hours per day 1693 3745 0 405 1 370 2 380 3 167 4 136 5 93 6 56 7 13 8 66 9 7 Sysmiss 3745 vig activity at work: mins per day 1695 3743 0 59 10.923 15.115 mod activity at work 5438 0 1 Yes 4246 2 No 1192 mod activity at work: days per week 4244 1194 1 64 2 194 3 299 4 179 5 1360 6 203 7 1945 Sysmiss 1194 mod activity at work: hours per day 4236 1202 0 201 1 279 2 390 3 441 4 496 5 612 6 535 7 244 8 629 9 103 10 128 11 24 12 78 13 16 14 13 15 16 16 31 Sysmiss 1202 mod activity at work: mins per day 4236 1202 0 59 4.089 10.289 active transport 5438 0 1 Yes 4416 2 No 1022 active transport: days per week 4413 1025 1 139 2 345 3 402 4 199 5 857 6 161 7 2310 Sysmiss 1025 active transport: hours per day 4376 1062 0 1739 1 1189 2 729 3 343 4 185 5 119 6 72 Sysmiss 1062 active transport: mins per day 4376 1062 0 59 14.182 15.364 vig leisure activity 5438 0 1 Yes 1995 2 No 3443 vig leisure activity: days per week 1993 3445 1 511 2 609 3 296 4 113 5 85 6 13 7 366 Sysmiss 3445 vig leisure activity: hours per day 1988 3450 0 566 1 543 2 511 3 209 4 78 5 47 6 16 7 4 8 11 9 1 10 1 12 1 Sysmiss 3450 vig leisure activity: mins per day 1988 3450 0 59 11.483 14.389 mod leisure activity 5438 0 1 Yes 3988 2 No 1450 mod leisure activity: days per week 3987 1451 1 449 2 1005 3 405 4 188 5 200 6 29 7 1711 Sysmiss 1451 mod leisure activity: hours per day 3970 1468 0 593 1 1029 2 1013 3 654 4 328 5 173 6 80 7 19 8 22 9 7 10 4 11 7 12 11 13 12 14 9 15 9 Sysmiss 1468 mod leisure activity: mins per day 3970 1468 0 59 8.193 13.632 sedentary time: hours per day 5411 27 0 577 1 794 2 1373 3 1080 4 691 5 455 6 233 7 45 8 83 9 24 10 38 11 1 12 9 13 4 14 3 16 1 Sysmiss 27 sedentary time: mins per day 5411 27 0 59 6.325 12.287 BP ever measured 5438 0 1 Yes 3664 2 No 1774 ever told had high BP 3664 1774 1 Yes 1378 2 No 2286 Sysmiss 1774 told had high BP in past 12 mos 1378 4060 1 Yes 1145 2 No 233 Sysmiss 4060 currently receiving for high BP: drugs 1378 4060 1 Yes 556 2 No 822 Sysmiss 4060 currently receiving for high BP: advice to reduce salt intake 1378 4060 1 Yes 664 2 No 714 Sysmiss 4060 currently receiving for high BP: advice/treatment to lose weight 1378 4060 1 Yes 472 2 No 906 Sysmiss 4060 currently receiving for high BP: advice/treatment to stop smoking 1378 4060 1 Yes 245 2 No 1133 Sysmiss 4060 currently receiving for high BP: advice/treatment to exercise more 1378 4060 1 Yes 640 2 No 738 Sysmiss 4060 ever seen trad'l healer for high BP 1378 4060 1 Yes 123 2 No 1255 Sysmiss 4060 taking trad'l meds for high BP 1378 4060 1 Yes 69 2 No 1309 Sysmiss 4060 ever had gluc measured 5438 0 1 Yes 1031 2 No 4407 ever told had high gluc 1031 4407 1 Yes 170 2 No 861 Sysmiss 4407 told had high gluc in past 12 mos 170 5268 1 Yes 106 2 No 64 Sysmiss 5268 currently receiving for high gluc: insulin 170 5268 1 Yes 19 2 No 151 Sysmiss 5268 currently receiving for high gluc: drugs 170 5268 1 Yes 31 2 No 139 Sysmiss 5268 currently receiving for high gluc: special diet 170 5268 1 Yes 74 2 No 96 Sysmiss 5268 currently receiving for high gluc: advice/treatment to lose weight 170 5268 1 Yes 68 2 No 102 Sysmiss 5268 currently receiving for high gluc: advice/treatment to stop smoking 170 5268 1 Yes 32 2 No 138 Sysmiss 5268 currently receiving for high gluc: advice/treatment to exercise more 170 5268 1 Yes 82 2 No 88 Sysmiss 5268 seen trad'l healer for high gluc in past 12 mos 170 5268 1 Yes 9 2 No 161 Sysmiss 5268 taking trad'l meds for high gluc 170 5268 1 Yes 8 2 No 162 Sysmiss 5268 family history of cancer 3198 2240 1 Yes 767 2 No 2431 Sysmiss 2240 cervical cancer exam 3198 2240 1 Yes 628 2 No 2570 Sysmiss 2240 VIA test (visual inspection of uterine cervixwith acidic acid) 628 4810 1 1 year or less 95 2 Between 1 and 2 years 62 3 More than 2 years 53 4 Never 396 77 Don't know 22 Sysmiss 4810 Pap smear test 628 4810 1 1 year or less 205 2 Between 1 and 2 years 115 3 More than 2 years 140 4 Never 146 77 Don't know 22 Sysmiss 4810 breast cancer exam by health care provider 3198 2240 1 Yes 571 2 No 2627 Sysmiss 2240 physical exam of the breasts 571 4867 1 1 year or less 40 2 Between 1 and 2 years 22 3 More than 2 years 41 4 Never 458 77 Don't know 10 Sysmiss 4867 mammogram 571 4867 1 1 year or less 23 2 Between 1 and 2 years 13 3 More than 2 years 34 4 Never 493 77 Don't know 8 Sysmiss 4867 breast self-exams 3198 2240 1 1 year or less 1313 2 Between 1 and 2 years 1885 3 More than 2 years 0 4 Never 0 77 Don't know 0 Sysmiss 2240 seat belt use in past 30 days 5437 1 1 All of the time 773 2 Sometimes 573 3 Never 2359 4 Have not been in a vehicle in past 30 days 1313 5 No seat belt in the car I usually am in 415 77 Don't Know 4 88 Refused 0 Sysmiss 1 helmet use on motorcycle or scooter in past 30 days 5435 3 1 All of the time 101 2 Sometimes 89 3 Never 1114 4 Have not been on a motorcycle or scooter in past 30 days 3721 5 Do not have a helmet 407 77 Don't Know 3 88 Refused 0 Sysmiss 3 in road traffic accident in past 12 mos 5435 3 1 Yes (as driver) 74 2 Yes (as passenger) 48 3 Yes (as pedestrian) 19 4 Yes (as a cyclist) 55 5 No 5238 77 Don't know 1 88 Refused 0 Sysmiss 3 injured and required medical attention in incident other than road traffic accid 5435 3 1 Yes 361 2 No 5071 77 Don't know 3 88 Refused 0 Sysmiss 3 cause of non-road traffic accident injury 361 5077 1 Fall 225 2 Burn 8 3 Poisoning 0 4 Cut 18 5 Near-drowning 0 6 Animal bite 7 7 Frostbite 2 8 Hit by object/ object fell on me 60 9 Other(specify) 38 77 Don't know 2 88 Refused 1 Sysmiss 5077 specify other cause 38 0 ?? ??????? 1 ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? 1 ????? ???????? 1 ????? ????????? 3 ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? 1 ?????? 1 ?????? ????? ????? 1 ?????? ??????? 1 ?????? ????????? 1 ??????-????? 1 ??????-?????????? 1 ??????? 2 ??????? ??????? 1 ???????? 1 ???????? ????? ??????????? 1 ???????? ?????? 1 ????????? 1 ?????????? 2 avaaraas bolood 1 avaart orj 1 avaart orson mashintai yabj bgad 1 1 chihnii ubdsun 1 ebgui gishgesen 1 hun tsohison 1 hund zoduulsan 1 hutgaluulsan 1 1 1 1 tsohigdson 1 xutgaluulsan 1 zam teever 2 location of non-road traffic accident injurt 361 5077 1 Home 98 2 School 11 3 Workplace/ Construction iste 51 4 Road/Street/Highway/Tunnel (Transheine) 131 5 Farm 8 6 Sports/athletic area 17 7 Public show/event 1 8 River 0 9 Other (specify) 43 77 Don't know 1 88 Refused 0 Sysmiss 5077 specify other location 43 0 ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? 1 ???? 2 ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? 1 ????? ??? ???? 1 ????? ???? 3 ????? ???? ????? 1 ????? ????????? 1 ?????? 1 ???????? ?????? 1 ???????? ??????? 1 1 belcheert 2 gadaadad 2 geriin gadaa 1 havarjaan deer bsan 1 huduu 2 huduu ajlaar 1 mal xariulj yavaad 1 mald yavaxdaa 1 mald yavj baigaad 3 maliin belcheert 4 malin belchert 1 morin deer 2 morinoos 2 naiziinhaa gert 1 1 tur ajil deer 1 xodoo 1 xodoo morinoos unasan 1 xodoo xeer 1 in past 30 days ridden in vehicle with driver that had 2+ drinks 5435 3 0 4990 1 129 2 65 3 33 4 9 5 13 6 3 8 7 9 1 10 7 12 1 15 1 20 1 77 Don't know 173 88 Refused 2 Sysmiss 3 injured in violent incident in past 12 mos 5434 4 1 Never 5252 2 Rarely (1- 2 times) 155 3 Sometimes (3 – 5 times) 8 4 Often (6 or more times) 6 77 Don’t know 13 88 Refused 0 Sysmiss 4 cause of most serious injury in past 12 mos 168 5270 1 Being shot with a firearm 0 2 31 3 Being injured without any weapon (slapped, pushed…) 117 77 Don’t know 16 88 Refused 4 Sysmiss 5270 relationship to person causing serious injury 168 5270 1 Intimate partner 21 2 Parent 2 3 Child, sibling, or other relative 18 4 Friend or acquaintance 56 5 Unrelated caregiver 0 6 Stranger 56 7 Official or legal authorities 7 8 Other (specify) 2 77 Don't know 4 88 Refused 2 Sysmiss 5270 specify other relationship 2 0 ???????? ???? 1 ekhner 1 childhood physical abuse 5434 4 1 Never 2130 2 Very rarely 2319 3 Once a month 722 4 Once a week 119 5 Almost daily 17 77 Don't know 127 88 Refused 0 Sysmiss 4 frightened because of threats to you or family in past 12 mos 5434 4 1 Yes 1087 2 No 4345 88 Refused 2 Sysmiss 4 person who frightened you 1088 4350 1 Intimate partner 274 2 Parent 28 3 Child, sibling, or other relative 308 4 Friend or acquaintance 255 5 Unrelated caregiver 1 6 Stranger 111 7 Official or legal authority 99 8 Other (specify) 10 77 Don't know 2 88 Refused 0 Sysmiss 4350 specify other person 10 0 ??? ??? ?? 1 bagsh 1 gadni hun 1 hadam 2 hazuu ailiin hun 1 naizin eej 1 nugur 1 tanil,tanil bus hun 1 urd ni hamt amidarch 1 pregnant 3227 2211 1 Yes 91 2 No 3136 Sysmiss 2211 height (cm) 5412 26 135.5 196 160.974 8.387 weight (kg) 5391 47 21.3 141 65.897 13.095 waist circumference (cm) 5333 105 53 139 84.972 12.714 BP reading 1: systolic 5417 21 77 300 133.505 21.594 BP reading 1: diastolic 5418 20 42 200 82.81 13.729 heart rate reading 1 5431 7 36 888 81.834 45.647 BP reading 2: systolic 5398 40 77 235 128.473 20.37 BP reading 2: diastolic 5401 37 40 180 81.102 13.136 heart rate reading 2 5431 7 34 888 83.635 61.258 BP reading 3: systolic 5399 39 83 230 126.705 19.954 BP reading 3: diastolic 5400 38 36 180 80.327 13.043 heart rate reading 3 5417 21 33 888 82.056 45.486 took raised BP meds in past 2 weeks 5438 0 1 Yes 728 2 No 4710 ate/drank in past 12 hours (fasting status) 1813 3625 1 Yes 1 2 No 1812 Sysmiss 3625 gluc device ID 1813 3625 1 29 11.066 6.073 time blood sample taken (hours) 1812 3626 0 24 11.108 3.31 time blood sample taken (minutes) 1812 3626 0 59 28.526 17.301 fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) 1809 3629 1.1 99.9 14.196 28.524 took insulin today 1812 3626 1 Yes 7 2 No 1805 Sysmiss 3626 chol device ID 1813 3625 1 99 2 5 3 153 4 82 5 1 6 147 7 124 8 1 9 146 10 80 11 4 12 152 13 121 15 156 16 97 17 3 18 161 19 93 21 188 Sysmiss 3625 total cholesterol (mmol/l) 1812 3626 0.88 99.99 25.838 39.349 chol meds taken in past 2 weeks 1813 3625 1 Yes 2 2 No 1780 77 Don't know 31 Sysmiss 3625 triglycerides (mmol/l) 1802 3636 0.65 99.99 16.107 34.863 ldl (mg/dl) 1795 3643 2.82 774.8 130.512 48.004 hdl (mg/dl) 1793 3645 5.1 880.3 61.013 28.442 final analysis weight for step 1 (interview) - pop adjustment only 5438 0 10.926 2557.083 223.688 214.527 final analysis weight for step 2 (physical measures) - pop adjustment only 5438 0 10.926 2557.083 223.688 214.527 final analysis weight for step 3 (biochemical measures) - pop adjustment only 4539 899 34.193 5099.674 647.096 495.106 psu 5438 0 1 60 30.395 17.361 stratum 5438 0 1 urban 2546 2 rural 2892 ageranges for which survey was designed 5438 0 15-24 899 25-34 1525 35-44 1444 45-54 1046 55-64 524